Poetry should be even. Now let's talk about ping and even poetry.
(0 1) About brachytherapy
The poetic rhythm we are going to talk about refers to the metrical mode of modern poetry, and does not involve the ancient poems in the Book of Songs and Yuefu. Modern poetry was gradually formed after the Tang Dynasty, and it has strict requirements on the level of parallelism, antithesis and word count. Modern poetry can be divided into three styles: quatrains (four sentences each), regular poems (generally eight sentences each) and parallel poems (more than ten sentences each). The foundation is quatrains. If you know quatrains, the rest will be easy to understand.
(02) The basic format of plane and parallel.
The most basic format of flush arrangement is:
Flat and flat (flat and then add) flat and flat (flat and then add)
Flat flat (before flat flat) flat flat (before flat flat)
So this is a "basic format", because other formats (including five words and seven words, including quatrains and metrical poems, *** 16) can be derived from it. In learning, we must first memorize this "basic format" and remember it. Deriving other formats from the basic format is a learning skill. If you list all the 16 formats, it will be difficult to remember them mechanically.
The word "ping" in this "basic format" is basically the words "Yin Ping" and "rising tone" in Mandarin. "Xu" is generally a word like "Shang Sheng" and "Qu Sheng" in Mandarin. So we can only say "in general" here, because it is not completely so. We'll talk about this later.
The basic format mentioned above is actually one of the five-character quatrains. Give two examples.
Example 1:
The saddest place in the world is this farewell acie law.
Spring breeze will also want to leave the pain of parting, instead of urging this willow tree to turn green.
-Li Bai's Old Laoting
(The first word in the poem, the word "Tian" in this application, is a flat and turbid word, but it is allowed here. The reason will be mentioned later. )
Example 2:
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
-Wang Zhihuan is at the Heron Hotel.
(The word "one" is pronounced in Tang Yun and will be mentioned later. )
(03) Rules of "Right" and "Sticking"
As can be seen from the basic format mentioned above, the levels of the first sentence and the second sentence are opposite, which is called "right". The levelness of the third sentence and the fourth sentence is also opposite, which is also "right". However, from the first two words, the second sentence and the third sentence are the same, called "sticky", which is what rhymes need. If you can't meet this requirement, it is called "dislocation" and "stickiness", which is a problem.
According to poetic terminology, starting from a poem, every two sentences are called a couplet, the last sentence in each couplet is called a sentence, and the next sentence is called a antithesis. In other words, the sentence and antithesis of each couplet must be "correct", and the antithesis of the upper couplet and the sentence of the lower couplet must be "sticky". "Right" and "sticky", look at the first two words of a poem, because the first word can sometimes be even, so in fact, the standards of "right" and "sticky" are mainly measured by the second word. For example, in Wang Zhihuan's In Lusu, the word "day" in the first sentence is flat and the word "harmony" in the second sentence is flat and turbid, which meets the requirements of "right". The word "he" in the second sentence and the word "poor" in the third sentence are both flat-voiced words, which meet the requirements of "stickiness". The word "difference" in the third sentence is flat, while the word "up" in the fourth sentence is flat, which meets the requirements of "right". By mastering the laws of "right" and "sticky", we can easily deduce other flat formats according to the basic format.
(04) Another format of five-character quatrains
There is a requirement for quatrains and metrical poems, that is, consecutive sentences must rhyme, and single sentences can be rhymed (the first sentence is an exception, and rhymes don't rhyme). In a quatrain, the last word of the second sentence and the last word of the fourth sentence must rhyme. For example, "Liu" and "Lou" in "Heron House" rhyme. Rhyming words must be flat words. Of course, there are rhyming poems, but they are rare and do not belong to the general situation. I will put them here for the time being.
According to the requirements of even sentences and the laws of duality and stickiness, we can deduce other different formats from the basic formats mentioned above. As mentioned earlier, the basic format is:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Every sentence (* * * four sentences) in this format can be the first sentence. Every time you change the first sentence, it is a new format. If you take the second sentence in the basic format as the first sentence, then the next sentence must be "right" and must end in a flat voice to rhyme, so you can only choose "flat". The third sentence must be "sticky" with the second sentence, and it must end with the word "shun", so you have to choose "shun" The fourth sentence should be "against" the third sentence, and it must be "even".
Namely:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
For example:
The sun is shining in Nanshan, and spring enters the phoenix.
Smelling the strings everywhere is nothing more than the sound of wine.
-Liu Yuxi's "Songs by the Road"
By analogy, if the third sentence in the basic format is taken as the first sentence, a third format can be derived:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Sample poem:
It's late spring and sunset on the coast of Shui Ying.
In the silence and deep smoke, the fishing boat didn't come home at night.
-Si Kongshu's "Yellow Skin"
If the fourth sentence is taken as the first sentence, the fourth format can be derived:
It is flat, flat, flat.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Sample poem:
That night, the black geese flew very high, and Khan quietly escaped during the night.
I was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up when the snow fell full of bows and knives.
-Lu Lun's "Six Pieces of the Same Servant Shooting Plug"
The above is the complete format of five-character quatrains, and there are four kinds of * * *. In fact, it is the order of four sentences in the basic format. Different first sentences lead to different formats.
Of course, you can also mechanically memorize these four formats. But the combination of rote memorization and mastering the rules can get twice the result with half the effort.
(05) Five-character Rhyme
Five-character verse, referred to as five laws. Just plain. In the sentence structure, five-character quatrains are derived from four sentences into eight sentences according to the law of "righteousness" and "stickiness", that is, five-character quatrains. Because five-character quatrains have four formats, five-character poems also have four corresponding formats.
The first format:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Flat and light, flat and light.
As you can see, this is actually a repetition of the basic format mentioned above twice. For example:
The abbot is connected by muddy water, and the roof always reflects clouds.
People always look at photos, but they always hate Kong Wen.
Fan Lizhou is young and not with Wang.
Follow everything in this life, wherever there is dust.
-Gui Fu's "Watching Li Sima Di Painting Water"
It should be noted that there are often some words in example poems, which on the surface do not completely meet the requirements of the format. There are reasons for this, which will be explained step by step later.
The second format:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
The first sentence of this format rhymes. For example:
Take care of your head, full of Cangzhou murals.
Red sun and stone forest gas, blue sky and river flow.
The crane sees the tin flying, but the gull is not afraid of the cup crossing.
It seems to be Lushan Road, so I won't travel with you.
-Du Fu's "Xuanwu Jackson House Wall"
The third format:
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
For example:
The city by the river is as beautiful as the picture, and the mountains are getting late. I climbed the Xie Tiao Building to overlook the clear sky.
Between the two rivers, one lake is like a bright mirror; The two bridges on the river look like rainbows falling from the sky.
People are cold orange pomelo and autumn old phoenix tree.
Besides me, who will think of the North Tower and welcome the autumn wind, Miss Xie?
-Li Bai's "Qiu Deng Xuancheng Xie Tiao North Building"
The fourth format:
It is flat, flat, flat.
Flat and light, flat and light.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Flat and light, flat and light.
This format is also the rhyme of the first sentence. For example:
A vagrant heard the drums heralding the battle, which was the first call of a wild goose on the border in autumn.
The dew turns to frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is bright!
Brothers are scattered, and no one can ask about life and death.
Delivering books is often late. What can we expect in a war? .
-Du Fu's Moonlight Remembering My Brother
(06) Seven-character quatrains and seven-character poems
What I said before are all five-character poems. Now I say seven-character poems, including seven-character quatrains and seven-character poems, which are referred to as seven-character poems and seven-character poems for short. The flat pattern of a seven-character poem is to add two words before a five-character sentence, which is the opposite of the flat pattern of the first two words in a five-character sentence.
As far as the basic flat format of five-character poems is concerned, it is like this to become a seven-character poem:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
This is the first format of seven-character quatrains. In practical application, the first word of the seven-character poem is not rigorous and even. List:
The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy.
If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate.
-Su Shi's Drinking on the Lake, After the Rain.
The second format of seven-character quatrains is:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
The first sentence of this format rhymes. For example:
Is there any pride like the old flowers blooming and falling?
When do you cry for Jiang Nanyu and Simin?
-Lu Xun's mourning for Yang Quan
The third format of seven-character quatrains is:
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
For example:
The lotus flower withered, so did the lotus leaf holding the rain, and only the branches of chrysanthemum stood proudly against the frost.
Good years must be remembered, especially when it is orange, yellow and green.
-Su Shi's To Liu Jingwen
The fourth format of seven-character quatrains is:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
The first sentence of this format rhymes. For example:
Lanling wine tulips, jade bowls filled with amber light.
But I got the host drunk and didn't know where it was.
-Li Bai's Traveler's Bank
Now let's talk about the seven-character rhyme. Seven-character poems also have four formats, which correspond to the four formats of five-character poems, but there are two more words in front of each poem.
The first format of seven-character verse is:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
For example:
I can't stop looking at the city in spring, but I will swim by candlelight at night.
On both sides of the romantic Wanjiahe River, the west building of the county seat is full of songs.
The more you listen to the poem, the harder it is to sing, and the wine is dissuaded by Wu Wa.
Life is like a dream, and laughter in the dream is better than sadness.
-Bai Juyi's Banquet in the City
The second format of seven-character verse is:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
The first sentence of this format rhymes. For example:
There are no more cars, and there is no trace of Xiayun.
Pear flower courtyard melts the moon, and the catkin pond has a faint wind.
After a few days of loneliness and injury, there is a ban on smoking.
Fish books are posted, and water is far away and mountains are long.
-Yan Shu's "Moral"
The word "da" rhymes. The question of rhyme will be discussed later.
The third format of seven-character verse is:
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
For example:
Every holiday season, I miss my parents, and the peaches and plums smile, and the Noda wilderness is only sad.
The thunder stung the snake, and the grass trees in the suburbs were soft after the rain.
It's unfair for people to sacrifice my arrogant concubine and wife, but it's unfair to burn them.
A clever fool has known who it is for thousands of years, and his eyes are full of chrysanthemum.
-Huang Tingjian's Tomb-Sweeping Day
The fourth format of seven-character verse is:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
It is flat, flat, flat, flat.
This format is also the rhyme of the first sentence. For example:
Mount Jiuyi went up to Bai Yunfei, and Di Zi rode the wind.
A mottled bamboo tears, and a hundred thousand flowers in Xia Hong are heavy clothes.
It snows in Dongting, and Long Island people sing poems.
I want to dream big and the Netherlands is full of sunshine.
-Mao Zedong "Answer a friend"