Dynasty: Song Dynasty
Author: Wang Anshi
Original text:
There is a towering tower at the top of Feilai Peak. It is said that crows come and the morning sun rises. (Feilai Mountain: Feilai Peak)
As written in a China poem, we are not afraid of dark clouds covering our sight, because we are already on the top of the mountain. (There is only one work: self-destiny)
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There is a towering tower at the top of Feilai Peak.
It is said that the rooster can see the rising sun when it crows.
Not afraid of dark clouds covering my farsightedness,
Just because I stand on the top of Feilai Peak, I am broad-minded.
To annotate ...
(1) is selected from Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan (Zhonghua Book Company, 1959 edition). Feilaifeng: Lin Bao outside Shaoxing, Zhejiang. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was Yingtian Pagoda, commonly known as Tashan. According to legend, this mountain flew from Wu Dong, Langya County (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province), hence its name.
(2) Chihiro: Extreme words soar into the sky. In ancient times, eight feet was used to describe the towering search.
(3) Not afraid: Li Bai's "Climbing the Phoenix Platform in Nanjing" means that "there is a cloud between the light in the sky and me, hiding his city in my melancholy heart".
(4) floating clouds: a villain, a metaphor for a treacherous person. A new theory of Lu Jia in Han Dynasty: "Evil ministers cover the wise, but they still cover the clouds." Tang Li Bai's "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing": "A cloud rises between the light in the sky and me, hiding his city in my melancholy heart."
(5) Fate: Because.
(6) eyes: vision.
(7) tower: iron tower.
(8) The highest level: the highest place. He also said that he was the highest decision-making level next to the emperor.
[9] When the cock crows, the sun rises: When the cock crows, you can see the sun rise.
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In the first sentence of this song, the poet used the exaggerated word "Chihiro" to write the height of the ancient pagoda on the peak and his own foothold. The second sentence of the poem skillfully writes out the brilliant scene of the rising sun seen on the tower, showing the poet's vigor, ambition of reform and confidence in the future, and becomes the emotional tone of the whole poem. The last two sentences of the poem follow the first two sentences to describe the scenery and express emotions, so that the poem has vivid images and profound philosophy. The ancients often worried about clouds covering the sun, evil ministers covering the wise, and poets added the word "fearless". It shows the poet's courage and determination to be far-sighted in politics and not afraid of evil. These two sentences are the essence of the whole poem and contain profound philosophy: people should not only look at the immediate interests, but also look at the overall situation and the long term. In writing techniques, write the terrain of Feilaifeng in one sentence. The top of the mountain is in Shaoxing city. There is a pagoda on the top of the mountain, overlooking the whole city, which shows its height. This sentence is extremely written about the high risk of boarding. The purpose of writing sentences is extremely far away. As the saying goes, "The Story of the Xuanzhong" says: "There is a big tree in Du Taoshan, named Du Tao, with branches three thousand miles apart. There is a pheasant in the sky. At the beginning of the day, the tree shines, the pheasant crows, and the chickens in the world follow. " According to this test, the word "I heard that the rooster crows and the sun rises" is not only popular in Wanli, but also famous and powerful. Although it is a foreshadowing, it cannot be taken lightly. And the author is practical and ingenious. For example, the allusion "The sun shines on this tree and the cock crows at dawn" originally meant "The day after tomorrow", but Wang Anshi did not say "When you hear the cock crow at sunrise, you say" When you hear the cock crow at sunrise ",which means" The cock crows first, then the sun rises ". Poets are often subtle in their use of things, and they cannot aim at impartiality, or they make mistakes in their use of things for fear of having another meaning.
Turning the word "not afraid" into harsh language is overwhelming. "Clouds cover your eyes" has an allusion. According to Professor Wu Xiaoru's research, people in the Western Han Dynasty often compared floating clouds to evil villains, such as the Shen Xinyu Wei film: "Therefore, evil ministers cover sages as floating clouds cover the sun." That's what the king's judgment means. He also has a seven-metrical poem "Reading History", in which a couplet says: "At that time, darkness was still a mistake, and the customs at the end were even more confusing." If you want to achieve great things, the most terrible thing is to "cover your eyes with clouds" and "confuse the truth with vulgarity", and the new law that Wang Anshi subsequently implemented was precisely defeated by this. The poet's good intentions are shown in this poem.
The conclusion of the sentence uses "at the highest level" to enhance the realm of poetry, which has a far-sighted spirit. Turn, knot two sentences, wonderful love words, is also a famous sentence through the ages; The author's finishing touch is the conclusion. As far as the situation is concerned, the word order should be "because I am at the highest level, I am not afraid of clouds and fog", but the author is the other way around, saying the result first and then the reason; The inversion of one cause and one effect shows the transformation of poetic vision. Although this is a common method of writing poetry, it also shows the author's profound conception.
This poem is different from ordinary climbing poems. This poem doesn't write much about the scene in front of us, only about the height of the tower. The key point is to write about the feeling of climbing high, which embodies the concept of "standing high can only see far" This is similar to Wang Zhihuan's poem, "But when you walk up a flight of stairs, you broaden your horizons by 300 miles". The former shows the ideological realm and heroism of a political reformer, while the latter shows that to achieve better results, more efforts need to be made to encourage each other or encourage themselves.
"I am not afraid of clouds covering my eyes, but I am afraid of the highest realm." With Su Shi, "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain." In the same strain, the expression is very similar. In terms of affirmation, Wang's poems are metaphorical: "If you master the method of correct views and reach a certain level of understanding, you can see the essence through phenomena and you will not be confused by the illusion of things." Su Shi, on the other hand, is negative. He said, "People are confused by the illusion of things because they don't observe things comprehensively, objectively and correctly." Both of them are very philosophical and often used as mottoes.
I heard that Wang Changling left and moved to Longbiaoyao to deliver this.
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Li Bai
Original text:
After the easy autumn, cuckoo clock, I heard you pass five streams.
I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang. (working with the wind: following the king)
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I heard that you passed by Wuxi when the flowers fell to Zigui and cried. I put my sad thoughts on the bright moon, hoping to accompany you to Yelangxi with the wind.
To annotate ...
(1) Wang Changling: Tang Tianbao (742 ~ 756) was demoted as the county magistrate of Longbiao. Move left: downgrade. The ancients respected right more than left, so demotion was called moving left. Longbiao: an ancient place name, located in the Tang Dynasty, is now Qianyang County, Hunan Province.
(2) Yang Shuhua: catkin. Zigui: Cuckoo, according to legend, its call is sad. Falling Flowers in Yangzhou: A work "Falling Flowers in Yangzhou".
⑶ Dragon Label: The poem refers to Wang Changling. The ancients used to call a person by his official position or the name of the county where he worked. Wuxi: Wuxi, Youxi, Yuanxi and Chenxi, located in the west of Hunan Province.
(4) and: here.
5] Follow the trend: one is "Follow the trend king". Yelang: In the Han Dynasty, southwest ethnic minorities established political power in western and northern Guizhou, northeastern Yunnan and parts of southern Sichuan, which was called Yelang in history. Yelang County was established in Tongzi, Guizhou and Yuanling, Hunan in the Tang Dynasty. This refers to Yelang in Hunan (in today's xinhuang dong autonomous county, adjacent to Qianyang). Li Bai was in the southeast at that time, so he said, "Go with the wind until Yelangxi".
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This is a lyric short chapter of just four sentences, but it has a heavy emotional component. From the beginning, it chose two things with local characteristics, depicting the scene of late spring in the south, which set off a sad atmosphere. Yang Shuhua is catkin. Zigui is another name for cuckoo. According to legend, this kind of bird is transformed from the soul of Du Yu, the king of Shu, and its song is extremely sad and moving. Long Biao refers to Wang Changling here, and it has been a common practice among scholars since the Tang Dynasty to call him by his official name. Wuxi is Chenxi, Youxi, Wuxi, Wuxi and Yuanxi at the junction of Hunan and Guizhou. In the Tang dynasty, this area was also regarded as a remote and barren land, and it was also the place where Wang Changling was to be relegated. After reading these two sentences, it is not difficult for us to imagine that the poet who traveled abroad was in the late spring of March in the south, with catkins falling in front of him and cuckoos crowing in his ears. This situation is sad enough, not to mention the unfortunate news that a friend has left his hometown. The first two sentences seem dull, but they actually contain rich contents, and their functions are various: they not only write about the season, but also write about the atmosphere, which not only points out the topic, but also proves the lyricism of the last two sentences.
The sentence "I am worried about the bright moon in my heart, and I will follow you to Yelangxi" closely follows the above and focuses on expressing the poet's feelings here and now. The word "Jun" is called "Feng". The so-called "Yelang" here does not refer to Yelang Kingdom in the Han Dynasty, but Yelang County in the Sui Dynasty, which is located in Chenxi, Hunan Province today (see the Jade Emperor Ji Sheng, Volume 71). Longbiao is just to the west of Chenxi, so there is a saying that it is "until Yelangxi". The word "sad" in the sentence is also rich in content and worth pondering. Why are poets full of melancholy? It can be said that there is deep concern for the old friend, indignation at the reality at that time, sincere thoughts and sincere care. Before Wang Changling was demoted, he was Jiangning Cheng, and from Jiangning to Jiangzhong, he was Long Biao (see Fu Xuancong's poem in Tang Dynasty). Poets in Yangzhou can't say goodbye to their old friends face to face, so they have to entrust a deep affection to the bright moon and worry about missing them in the distance.
Expressing homesickness through the bright moon, this kind of association and expression technique has appeared more than once in Li Bai's previous poems. Bao: "3528, thousands of miles are with you." Tang Huixiu's poem of resentment: "The bright moon shines on tall buildings, including a thousand miles." There is also a saying in the Song of Four o'clock at Midnight written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties, "Look up at the bright moon and send your feelings for thousands of miles". But compared with Li Bai's two poems, Shi Li is shine on you and better than Lan. After seeing the bright moon, the previous generation of poets only thought of relatives and friends in different places, or wanted to invite the bright moon to send their feelings, but Li Bai not only wanted to invite the bright moon to send his feelings here, but also wanted the bright moon to be his body body double and accompany his unfortunate friends to the remote and desolate place west of Yelang.
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