Russian writer, novelist, poet and playwright in the former Soviet Union. Born on1915165438+128 October, and died on128 August, 979. Born into a Russian military officer's family, he participated in the anti-fascist patriotic war. 1934 Start writing. 1938 graduated from Gorky College of Literature. 1942 join the * * * production party. He used to be the editor-in-chief of Literary Newspaper, the editor-in-chief of New World magazine, the editor-in-chief of Literary Russian Newspaper, the deputy secretary of the Soviet Writers Association and the secretary of the Secretariat. He served as a military reporter from 65438 to 0939, and has been engaged in war theme creation since then. His famous play A Boy in Our City (194 1) expresses the people's confidence in the coming war in the former Soviet Union. The lyrics at the beginning of the war were full of patriotic passion, such as "Wait for me …", "Kill him" and "Remember, Alesha, Smolensk Avenue …", which were widely circulated among soldiers. The drama "Russians" (1942) praised the spiritual strength of the Soviet people who stood the test of war. The novella Day and Night (1943 ~ 1944) describes the heroic deeds of the Soviet Red Army in the defence of Stalingrad. In the later period of the war, the army passed through Eastern European countries until Berlin, and wrote a collection of close-ups and short stories "From Black Sea to Barents Sea" (4 volumes, 1942 ~ 1945). Been to America after the war. The script "Russia Problem" (1946) exposes the attempt of the American ruling clique to launch a new war. Friends and Enemies (1948) was also published. A boy in our city, a Russian, has won the Stalin Prize day and night for his Russian problems, friends and enemies.
1949 10 visit to China. China in Battle, published in 1950, describes the liberation war waged by the people of China. The trilogy "The Living and the Dead" published from 1959 to197 (the first part "The Living and the Dead", the second part "The Soldier Not Born" and the third part "The Last Summer") describes the Soviet Red Army from the early days of the war to1. From the mid-1960s to the end of 1970s, several wartime reading notes were published, the most famous of which was Excerpts from Lobajin's Reading Notes (1965). From 1930s to 1950s, he published dozens of literary criticism articles, mainly commenting on contemporary writers and their creations. His Candle was included in the middle school textbook. His novels not only reflect the true content of the great historical event of the Great Patriotic War, but also have a subjective description to meet some needs.
In memory of this poet, in the north of St. Petersburg today, there is a street called "simonov Street".
Simonov and "Wait for me ..."
[Edit this paragraph]
Wait for me, I'll be back.
I just want you to wait hard,
Wait until the gloomy rain.
Arouse your sadness,
When heavy snow falls,
Wait until the heat is unbearable
When others no longer expect their loved ones,
Everything in the past has been forgotten.
Wait until the distant hometown.
No more letters from home,
People who wait together.
Turn the spirit into ashes-everyone is tired.
Wait for me.-I'll be back,
Don't bless those people;
They keep saying—
Forget it, it's no use waiting!
Even though the beloved son and the loving mother think-
I am no longer alive.
Even if friends are tired of waiting,
Sitting around the fire,
Sip bitter wine and recommend the dead ...
You have to wait!
Never be with them,
Busy raised the wine lamp.
Wait for me, I will come back;
Death has been defeated by me again and again!
Let the people who didn't wait for me
Call me lucky.-Surprised!
People who don't wait don't understand-
Thanks to your hard waiting,
On the battlefield of bullets,
You saved my life.
How did I survive,
Only you and I understand-
Just because you are different from others,
You are good at waiting.
Russian:
ЖДИ МЕНЯ Жди Меня, и я вернусь,
Только очень жди ,
Жди, когда наводят грусть
Жёлтые дожди,
Жди, когда снега метут ,
Жди, когда жара,
Жди ,когда других не ждут,
Позабыв вчера.
Жди, когда из дальних мест
Писем не придёт,
Жди ,когда уж не надоест
Всем, кто вместе ждёт./
Жди меня, и я вернусь,
Не желай дорба
Всем ,кто знает наизусть,
Что забыть пора.
Пусть поверят сын и мать
В то, что нет меня ,
Пусть друзья устанут ждать,
Сядут у огня,
Выпьют горькое вино
На помин души ,,,
Жди.И с ними заодно
Выпить не спеши./
Жди меня, и я вернусь
Всем смертям назло,
Кто не ждал меня, тот пусть
Скажет: - повезло.
Не понять не ждавшим, им,
Как среди огня
Ожиданием своим
Ты спасла меня.
Как я выжил, будем знать
Только мы с тобой -
Просто: ты умела ждать,
Как никто другой.
background
"Wait for Me" was written in the early days of the Soviet Patriotic War. 1942 65438+ In October, many writers and musicians planned to retreat to the rear area and stay in Moscow Hotel. Simonov gave his poem to the composer M. Blanchard, who was moved by it and then set it to music.
At that time, the Soviet Union was facing the attack of the German fascist army, and the country was in a difficult situation. This poem describes the soldier's hope and his wife's unfailing love and belief for her husband. Once published, it was copied and plagiarized, which greatly encouraged the soldiers. Some soldiers specially copied this poem in their letters and gave it to their wives. A soldier wrote to simonov after the war, saying, "Your poems and the deep love you expressed in your poems supported us through the war years."
After the war, simonov wrote a full-length play with this poem as the theme, and the director Golcea Foucault specifically requested that the play keep "Wait for Me" composed by blanchard.
Candles and simonov
[Edit this paragraph]
original text
1944 September19, Belgrade has actually been captured, and only a bridge on sava river and the small bridgehead are still in the hands of the Germans.
That morning, five Red Army soldiers decided to sneak up on the bridge. They must climb a Little Square first. There are several burnt tanks and armored vehicles scattered in the square, some of which are German and some of which are ours. Only one tree has not fallen. It seems that two magical hands have cut off its upper body, leaving only its lower body high.
In the middle of the square, the five of us were caught up by the mortar fire of the enemy on the other side. They lay on the ground for half an hour under gunfire. Finally, the fire became a little smaller, and two minor injuries climbed back with two serious injuries. The fifth is dead, lying in the square.
As for the deceased, we learned from the company's roster that his name was Chekhov and he died on the sava river in Belgrade on the morning of 19.
The red army's sneak attack attempt must have frightened the Germans. They always bombard the square and nearby streets with mortars all day, with only a few short breaks.
The company commander was ordered to occupy the bridge at dawn the next day. He said, so there is no need to move back to Cecola Ye Fu's body at this time and bury him after capturing the bridge tomorrow.
German artillery fired until the sun went down. On the other side of the square, a few steps away from other houses, a pile of rubble stands tall, and its true colors can hardly be seen. No one would have thought that anyone lived here.
However, in the cellar under this pile of rubble, there lived an old woman named Mary Yuqishi. A black hole half hidden by bricks is the entrance to the cellar.
The old lady Yu Qixi used to live on the second floor of that house, which was left to her by her dead man, the night watchman guarding the bridge. The second floor was destroyed by gunfire, so she moved downstairs, and everyone who lived downstairs had moved away. Later, the downstairs was destroyed and the old woman moved to the cellar.
19 is her fourth day in the cellar. This morning, she clearly saw five Red Army soldiers climb to the square, and there was only a twisted iron railing between the square and her. She saw the German guns pointed at five Red Army soldiers and shells exploded around them. She climbed out of the cellar and greeted her with five Red Army soldiers-she thought her place was safer, but as soon as she climbed out of the cellar, a shell landed nearby and exploded. The old woman was deafened by the shock. Her head hit the wall and she lost consciousness.
When she woke up, she looked over there again. Five Red Army soldiers, only 1 is left in the square. The Red Army soldiers lay on their sides, with one arm stretched out and the other under their heads, as if they wanted to lie comfortably. The old woman called him several times but didn't answer, only to know that he was dead.
The Germans fired again, and the shells exploded in this Little Square, and the black soil turned straight up like a pillar. Shrapnel cut off the branches of the remaining trees. The Soviet lay alone in the open square, one arm resting under his head, surrounded by bent iron blocks and charred trees.
Old Mary Yuqishi looked at the soldier who died in battle. Many times, she wanted to tell someone about it. But, needless to say, there is not even a living thing nearby. Even the cat who had been with her for four days in the cellar was killed by the blown-up masonry fragments. The old woman thought for a long time, then reached out and found something in her only bag, put it in her arms and slowly climbed out of the cellar.
She can't crawl forward or run fast. She just stood up straight, dangling and walked slowly to the square. A complete iron railing stood in front of her, and she was not going to cross it. She was too old to pass, so she slowly bypassed the iron railing and walked into the square.
The Germans are still bombing, but none of the shells landed near the old woman.
She crossed the square, went to the side of the Soviet soldiers who died, and turned the body over hard. I saw his face, very young and pale. She tidied his hair gently, and with great effort, she bent his already stiff arm and crossed his chest. Then she sat down beside him.
The Germans are still firing, but as before, the shells are far away from the old man.
In this way, she sat there quietly, about 1 hour, maybe two hours.
It's cold and the air is quiet. There was no sound except the explosion of shells.
She finally stood up and left the dead man. After a few steps, she immediately found what she needed: a big bullet hole. This came out a few days ago. Now, some water has accumulated in that pit.
The old woman knelt in the pit and scooped water with her palm. After drinking a few spoonfuls, she needs to have a rest. She finally drained all the water from the pit, so she went back to the dead man, put her hand under his arm and dragged him away.
The road is not far, less than 10 steps, but she is old and needs to sit down and rest three times. Finally, she finally dragged the dead into the shell pit. She was exhausted and sat there for a long time.
After enough rest, the old woman ran to the deceased, drew a cross on the deceased with her hand and kissed the deceased's lips and forehead.
Then, she picked up the floating soil around the shell pit with both hands and slowly put it on the dead body. Soon the dead were completely covered with mud. The old woman is not satisfied. She wants to build a real grave. After another rest, she picked up the soil and continued to cover it. In a few hours, she actually piled up one small grave after another.
German artillery is still shelling, but, as before, the shells are far away from the old woman.
When the tomb was finished, the old woman took out from under her big black scarf what she held in her arms when she left the cellar-a big candle. This is the wedding candle that she got married 45 years ago, and she has been reluctant to use it.
She fumbled in her pocket for a long time and took out some matches. She put a big candle on the top of the tomb and lit it. There was no wind that night, and the flame of the candle went straight up and down without shaking at all. Facing the candlelight, the old woman sat in front of the grave, motionless, with her hands crossed on her chest and wearing a big black scarf.
When the shell exploded, the flame of the candle just shook. But several times, the shells landed quite close and the candles were blown out by the explosion wind. Once, it was knocked down. The old woman took out the match and patiently lit the candle again.
It's almost dawn, and the candles are burning out. The old woman searched everywhere on the ground and finally found a rusty tin can. With thin fingers, she bent the jar into a semicircle and inserted it in the soil next to the candle as a wind barrier. After the arrangement, she stood up and walked slowly across the square, bypassing the iron railings that had not fallen and returning to the cellar.
Before dawn, Cecola Ye Fu's company Red Army, under the cover of heavy artillery fire, went straight to the square and occupied the bridge.
An hour or two later, it was already dawn. The Red Army infantry followed the tanks across the bridge, fighting was going on across the river, and no shells landed on the square.
At that time, the company commander sent several soldiers to look for the body of Cecola Ye Fu, and planned to bury him with the soldiers who died this morning. Those soldiers can't find them anywhere. Suddenly, a soldier shouted in surprise, "Look!" Everyone looked in the direction he pointed.
Near the destroyed iron railing, stands a small grave. A candle on the grave was blocked by rusty iron, and a soft flame shone on the grave. The candle is almost finished, and the wick is almost submerged by wax tears, but the little spark is still flashing.
The Red Army soldiers standing in front of the grave immediately took off their hats. They stood quietly around the grave, watching the fading candlelight.
At this moment, a tall old lady wearing a big black scarf came slowly. She silently walked past the Red Army soldiers, knelt in front of the grave and took out another candle from under the big black scarf. This one is exactly the same as the one that was quickly completed on the grave, and it is obviously a pair. The old woman bent down to pick up the candle head, lit a new one and inserted it in the old place. When she stood up, it was difficult to move, and the nearest Red Army soldier carefully lifted her up.
But even at this moment, the old woman didn't speak. She just raised her eyes, glanced at the people standing with their hats off, and bowed deeply to them very solemnly. Then, she straightened her big black scarf and walked away trembling without looking back at the candles and soldiers.
The Red Army soldiers watched her go away and talked softly, as if afraid to disturb the solemn air. Then, they crossed the square, crossed the bridge, caught up with their company and went into battle.
On the land of fire, between the bent iron and the burning trees, the only thing cherished by Yugoslav mother-her wedding candle-is still in the grave of a young Soviet soldier.
The flame will not go out at this time. It will burn forever, just like a mother's tears, just like a son's bravery, so immortal.
This article tells the story of an old Yugoslav woman who risked her life to bury a Red Army soldier like her mother and lit her 45-year-old wedding candle in front of the soldier's grave, praising the friendship between the army and the people in the anti-fascist camp.
The last two sentences eulogize the noblest, warmest and most sincere feelings of Yugoslav mother towards the Red Army martyrs. This feeling knows no borders, just like mother and son. He is an anti-aggression based on justice and the most beautiful feeling of mankind.
The meaning of candles:
1. Lights symbolizing the life of Red Army soldiers.
It symbolizes the deep feelings of the two peoples.
It symbolizes the deep affection between mother and child.
It symbolizes peace, hope and victory.
The Second World War was a just war of unprecedented scale in human history. The war brought hundreds of millions of people under the iron fist of fascism. However, what is really powerful is not fascism, but the people. The strength of the people is infinite, and the people are the real iron wall. As Mao Zedong said: "War has educated the people, and the people will win war, peace and progress."
The environment is dangerous, and guns are heard all the time-regardless of life and death, thinking about the old woman.
It's hard to bury martyrs when old and weak —— Reflections on the source of strength of the old woman.
Protect the remains-Think about the old lady's feelings for the martyrs.
Candlelight flashing-thinking of the old woman's dedication.
First, the overall grasp
"On the land charred by gunfire, between the bent iron and the burned trees, the only thing cherished by Yugoslav mother-her wedding candle-is still in the grave of a Soviet youth.
"This flame will not go out. It will burn forever, just like a mother's tears, just like a son's bravery, so immortal. "
This young Soviet, a Red Army soldier, died for the liberation of Yugoslavia, and he died on Yugoslav soil. The tomb was built for him by the old Yugoslav lady Yu Qixi. She couldn't bear to let the Red Army martyrs die on the battlefield. She wanted the Red Army martyrs to rest in peace on the land of Yugoslavia. The old woman fell in love with a Soviet youth, and there was no national border between them. This is the friendship between the army and the people in the anti-fascist alliance. Candlelight is the light of life of the Red Army martyrs; Candlelight, entrusted with the Yugoslav people's grief for the Red Army martyrs; Candlelight is a symbol of the fighting friendship between the two peoples.
This kind of kinship is so profound: the old woman risked her life and buried the Red Army martyrs in the rain of bullets; The old woman is old and weak. Despite the difficulties, she scooped up the water in the pit with both hands, dragged the martyr's body into the pit with both hands, picked up the soil with both hands and piled it into a grave. The old woman straightened the martyr's body and kissed the deceased's lips and forehead; In order to mourn the martyrs, the old woman took out the wedding candle that had been treasured for 45 years and lit it on the grave.
This battle report is a hymn as well as an ode. Praise the fighting friendship of the countries in the anti-fascist alliance and eulogize the deep feelings of the Yugoslav people towards the Soviet Red Army.
Second, the problem research
This battlefield exchange is very touching and unforgettable. How did this artistic effect come about?
First of all, of course, the theme is touching, but the touching theme should be written touching and the writing method is also very important. By exploring the writing of this war newsletter, we can realize that the author analyzed the factors that made the event touching before writing, while in the narrative process, he focused on describing the touching factors. Moreover, highlighting candles and candlelight is the key to the success of the work.
What are the touching factors of the incident? There are four points in analysis. First, the environment is dangerous and the gunfire is soaring; Second, the old lady is old and weak, and it is very difficult to bury the martyrs; Third, the old lady buried the martyrs like relatives; Fourth, the candles lit on the grave have special significance. In the process of narration, the author always focuses on these four points, which has a touching effect.
Writing artillery fire is not just writing ordinary sentences, but writing artillery fire almost every few lines, which makes people worry about the safety of the old woman all the time. The old woman's actions in the artillery fire are particularly touching.
Every step of burying the martyrs is very difficult for the old lady. It is not touching enough to say in general that "she managed to drag the dead into the crater". The author wrote: "The road is not far, less than ten steps at a time, but she is old and has to sit down and rest three times. Finally, she finally dragged the dead into the crater. She was exhausted and sat there for a long time, maybe an hour. " This description makes the scene lively, as if you can hear the old woman's breathing, which is really touching.
It is also very specific to write about the etiquette of the old woman burying the martyrs. For example, before burial, "the old woman knelt beside the deceased, drew a cross on the deceased with her hand and kissed the deceased's lips and forehead", which was also very touching.
Among many touching factors, the author particularly emphasized the candle and solemnly declared that it was "the wedding candle that she got married 45 years ago, and she has been reluctant to use it and has been treasured so far". From the moment she touched the candle to the end, she described it delicately. In such a special environment and atmosphere, candlelight shows special significance and produces a poetic artistic conception. Finally, candlelight is praised like a lyric poem, which makes people immersed in this artistic conception.
Practice note
Read the full text first and read some fragments that move you. Tell me about your understanding of the image of an old woman and the meaning of the last two sentences.
This topic grasps the content of the text as a whole through silent reading and reading aloud.
The old woman was invaded by German fascist robbers. She is full of deep hatred for the invaders. She longs for liberation and peace. She is full of respect for the Soviet Red Army. The young Red Army soldier died on the territory of Yugoslavia, and she was very sad. She dedicated her love and respect to the martyrs. Encouraged by the heroism of the Red Army soldiers, she became fearless and entered a state of selflessness. She was brave enough to bury the martyr. The Red Army martyr gave her most precious life. She dedicated her favorite treasure to the Red Army martyrs, lit wedding candles in front of the martyrs' tomb, and stayed at the tomb all night, accompanying the martyrs' heroic spirit and showing deep and strong maternal love.
The two sentences at the end eulogize the noblest, warmest and most sincere feelings of Yugoslav mothers towards the martyrs of the Soviet Red Army. This kind of feelings, regardless of national boundaries, mother and child are the same. This kind of feeling is based on just anti-aggression, and it is the most beautiful feeling of mankind.
Try to find out the following statements and answer the questions.
1. After the tomb was built, the old woman took out what she had held in her arms when she left the cellar from under her big black scarf. This is a big candle, a wedding candle 45 years ago. She has been reluctant to use it, and it has been treasured so far.
Why do you want to make a supplementary explanation about the origin of this candle? )
Facing the candlelight, the old woman sat in front of the grave, motionless, with her hands crossed on her chest and wearing a big black scarf.
The color of the scarf mentioned here. What's the special meaning? )
In this land charred by gunfire, among the bent ironware and burned trees, the only thing cherished by this Yugoslav mother-her wedding candle-is still in the grave of a Soviet youth.
(If this passage is written as "In the square, the old woman's candle is still brightly located in front of Chekhov's grave", compare it with the original sentence and say what's good about the original sentence. )
This topic guides students to read the text intensively and understand the deep meaning of the sentence carefully. Enlighten students how to grasp key words and how to taste in hypothesis and comparison.
1. Explain the extraordinary significance of this candle, indicating that the old woman gave the Red Army martyrs the most precious feelings.
2. Black is a solemn emotion to express deep condolences. This color gives a solemn atmosphere and expresses the old woman's condolences.
3. The original sentence outlines the environment destroyed by the war, outlines the background of candlelight, "land burnt by gunfire", "iron bent by explosion" and "trees burned to death", accusing fascist robbers of trampling on human civilization. The original sentence once again pointed out that this candle is a wedding candle, the only thing cherished by the old woman, and pointed out its extraordinary significance, which is enough to show the supreme feelings of the Yugoslav people for the Red Army martyrs. The original sentence did not write the names of the old woman and martyrs, but said "Yugoslav mother" and "a Soviet youth", which revealed the significance of this feeling and concentrated the feelings of the soldiers and civilians of the two countries, and this feeling reached the realm of deep affection between mother and son.
Thirdly, the old woman in the article never said a word, and her rich inner activities were expressed through her actions. Try to figure out the penultimate paragraph of the article, imagine the psychological activities of the old woman in the paragraph, and write it down in one or two hundred words.
According to the characteristics of text writing, this topic guides students to understand the meaning of the text and cultivates students' understanding and imagination. Students should be inspired to ask questions about sentences and make inferences. For example, think about the sentence "the old woman didn't speak", why didn't the old woman speak, and what was on her mind; "She just raised her eyes, glanced at the people who took off their hats and bowed deeply to them." Just think about why she bowed her head, what she thought in her heart, and so on. Thinking in this way will broaden your mind.
Teaching suggestion
First, according to the characteristics of the text, pay attention to the depth of the characters' thoughts and feelings.
The characteristic of this paper is to concentrate the thoughts and feelings of the characters on one point, which can be summarized as "love" and "worry". The touching part of the work is the poetic expression of the depth and concentration of this emotion, which makes the reader's heart tremble. So we should understand the depth of this emotion from all aspects. Looking at the gunfire, I miss the old woman regardless of life and death; Look at the old and infirm, think about the source of the old woman's strength; Look at the protection of the remains and think about the old lady's feelings for the martyrs; Looking at the flickering candlelight, I miss the dedication of the old woman. If you stay in summing up the thoughts and feelings of the characters, the appeal of the works will be greatly weakened.
Second, we should pay attention to trying to figure out the sentence.
This article is rich in meaning and contains many meaningful sentences, so we should explore it carefully. Each part focuses on rich meaning, raises questions and studies problems. You can ask students questions, or you can ask them questions. After establishing the direction of exploration, they will discuss them one by one.
Third, we should pay attention to the elements of narrative.
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