Introduction:
The Four Great Poets of Zhongxing, also known as the Four Great Masters of the Southern Song Dynasty, are the collective name of the four poets in the early Southern Song Dynasty, You Mao, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and Lu You.
Lu You had the greatest influence at that time. There are very few works of You Miao that have been handed down; although Yang and Fan are not as good as Lu You, they each have their own characteristics. Yang Wanli rejected the rigid style of Jiangxi Poetry School and created a lively and natural Cheng Zhai style. The number of works handed down by Yang Wanli and Lu You is astonishing.
The four great poets of ZTE represent the second most prosperous period of poetry in the Song Dynasty. Yang Wanli has "Chengzhai Collection"
Fan Chengda has "Fan Shihu Collection", and Lu You has "Lu Fangweng Collection" handed down to the world.
Features:
1. You Miao. The main achievement of You Miao's life is his poetry. He created and collected a large number of books, and compiled one of the earliest edition catalogs in China. His poetic works are rarely circulated. You Mao's poems are written in an easy and natural way, clear and fresh, without fancy words or allusions. "Qingshan Temple" can be called the representative work of his existing poems: "The majestic pavilions and pavilions are open to the sky, and the lakes and mountains outside the door are piled with green. The country is confused by the rippling smoke, and Penglai is recognized by the clouds in the sky. The incense is sold like a dragon, and the elephant is golden and green, after the rain. The unicorn plies the green moss. I have been here three times in twenty-nine years, and I know how many times I will come back in my life."
2. Yang Wanli, Yang Wanli loved the countryside throughout his life, cared about farmers, and wrote many poems reflecting the lives of farmers. For example, "Compassion for the Farmers", "Compassion for the Drought", and "Farmer's Sigh" describe the hardships and sufferings of farmers' lives; "Song of the Four Seasons" and "Sowing Yangge" describe the hardships and joys of farmers; "Looking at the Rain" and "Zhi Zhi" "The Descendants of the City" and other poems written about the joy and hope for good weather and a peaceful life, all of which are of relatively high ideological and artistic quality. Yang Wanli had a great influence at that time. His poems are as famous as Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao, and are called "the four great writers of ZTE". At first, he imitated the Jiangxi School of Poetry, but later he realized that the Jiangxi School of Poetry pursued formality and was difficult and astringent. In the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), he devoted all his energy to writing more than a thousand poems, determined to break away from the stereotypes of the Jiangxi School of Poetry and find a new path. . Precisely because he did not follow others, he dared to go all the way, innovate, and finally formed his own style of poetry. His poetry style is simple, colloquial, and innovative in conception, which is called "Chengzhai Style". . It played a certain role in promoting the change of the poetry atmosphere at that time. His works are eclectic and full of variety, including the majestic and magnificent masterpieces such as "Gui Qianjun, Inverted Three Gorges, Chuan Tianxin, and Penetrating the Moon Grottoes"; there are also objects and postures that describe people's feelings. A wonderful lyrical poem describing the scenery. The poetry style is simple and natural, the conception is novel, humorous, fresh and lively, and has a strong artistic appeal. He also paid great attention to the advantages of learning folk songs and absorbed a large number of vivid and fresh spoken ballads and proverbs into poetry. Therefore, his works often "slang and proverbs come from the tongue" (Jiang Honghe's "Hantang Poetry Talk"), giving people a simple and natural feeling. Feel. For example: "The moon shines crookedly on Kyushu, some families are happy and others are sad; I am worried about the menstrual period, so I have to rest and rest." ("Bamboo Branch Song") is completely like a folk song blurted out, reflecting His achievements in learning folk songs.
3. Fan Chengda, Fan Chengda is a master of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty. Together with Lu You and Yang Wanli, he is known as the "Four Great Masters of Zhongxing". He is famous for his "fresh and charming" and "easy and majestic" poetic style. In the world.
Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence at that time, and their influence was particularly great in the early Qing Dynasty. There was "Jiannan at home and Shihu at home" ("Jiannan" refers to Lu You's "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript") ) said. His poetic style is light, but he is good at using obscure classics and Buddhist scriptures. "Pastoral Miscellany in Four Seasons" (***60 poems) written in his later years is his representative work. Qian Zhongshu said in "Selected Poems of the Song Dynasty" that "it can also be regarded as an ancient Chinese pastoral poem". The culmination of ".
4. Lu You, it can be said that Lu You is the most accomplished among the four. Some people also studied the poems of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi:
Learn from Li - bold and unrestrained.
Lu You never forgets national affairs and longs to restore the Central Plains, which often appears not only during the day but also in his dreams. Therefore, the descriptions of dreams in his poems are full of imagination and romantic. Especially Qi Gu’s writing. He is known as "Little Li Bai".
Learn from Du - melancholy and vigorous.
He is concerned about national affairs and is known as the "History of Poetry". He is more warrior-oriented and more ambitious than Du Fu. The seven-rhythm poem is rigorously organized and its counterpoints are neat.
Xuebai--works about daily life, simple and leisurely, without any decoration, and the language is easy to understand.
1. Rules and regulations: Rigorous order.
2. Language: neat and refined, plain and clear. Liu Kezhuang: "The ancients' good antithesis has been exhausted."
3. Poetry style: good at seven words, both ancient and modern styles;
4. Style: melancholy, tragic and majestic Extraordinary and unrestrained.
Many of Lu You's poems express the heroic spirit of fighting against the Jin Dynasty and his hatred of enemies and traitors. The style is majestic and unrestrained, melancholy and tragic, and is filled with strong patriotic passion. He has made great achievements in ideology and art. He achieved outstanding achievements and was known as "Little Li Bai" during his lifetime. He not only became the leader of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty, but also enjoyed a high status in the history of Chinese literature.
His famous lines such as "There are mountains and rivers where there is no way out, there are willows and flowers are bright in another village", "The small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alleys sell apricot flowers in the Ming Dynasty" have been widely recited by the people. With more than 9,000 extant poems, Lu You was selected as the poet with the most extant Chinese poetry works by the China World Records Association, creating a poetry record in China.