one
There is a beautiful guest word, bald head and drooping ears.
12 years old, picking acorns and chestnuts and following snipers (2), the valley is cold and dusk.
There is no book to return to the central plains, and the hands and feet are frozen to death.
Alas, a sad song, hate too fell from the sky for me.
To annotate ...
(1) the guest, du fu claimed. 2 years old, this refers to the end of the year. It's November, so it's cloudy. Oak chestnut, the fruit of an oak tree, is as small and rectangular as chestnut, also called acorn. Bitter taste, which is often used by the poor to satisfy their hunger in famine years. Sniper (jū), a kind of monkey. Sniper, an old man who tames monkeys. Oak chestnut is also the food of monkeys, so it is said to be "different" ③ The Central Plains refers to hometown. Books and letters. Cūn, the skin is frozen and cracked. Dead meat means that the body is frozen and unconscious. Thinking of my hometown in the war because of hunger and cold has covered up the meaning of "missing my siblings" below. (4) alas, interjections. Alas, the auxiliary word is similar to the present "ah"
Comment and analysis
This group of seven-character poems was written in November, 759, the second year of Gan Yuan. Du Fu finally reached Tonggu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province) after a difficult journey. During his stay in the same valley, he received no assistance, which was the most difficult period in his life. This group of poems vividly describes his extremely poor living conditions and deep-rooted yearning for his brothers and sisters. Du Fu adopted the genre of "seven ancient", which means "Long song can cry". The seven songs are integrated and have the same structure. The first two paragraphs point out the theme, the middle four sentences narrate and the last two sentences lament. The predecessors commented: "The seven songs are simple and simple, washing away the lead and leaving the essence alone." "The lighter the purpose, the stronger the truth, the simpler it is, and the more eternal the tune is."
The first song is about the embarrassment of living in the same valley. The first sentence was called "a guest" to declare the injustice of barren hills, as if it came from someone else's mouth, which was unusual. The following is full of grief and indignation, all hidden in this word. The sentence "White hair hanging down my ears" is a self-portrait of the poet's poverty and poverty, which highlights the word "old". The middle four sentences actually describe the living conditions at that time and describe the patchwork. And the last sentence "Hate too much for me" corresponds to the last article "Looking up to heaven to speed up".
Secondly,
With a long white wooden handle, I thought it was my life to have a baby.
There is no snow in Miaoshan, Huang Du, and the number of short coats does not cover the shin.
At this moment, Kong Zi and I came back, men groaned and women sang.
Alas, two songs began to play, and I was disappointed.
To annotate ...
① chán, an iron-tipped excavator with a long wooden handle, is called Changqiu. This sentence means that I live by your shovel. Life is long, which is a terrible word. Son, is a kind tone to call. (3) It means that the snow is hard to identify and Huang Du is hard to find. Huangdu, a wild plant, has only one rhizome, wampee, hence the name Huangdu. In case of frost and snow, no seedlings can be steamed. Also known as taro (4) it means that there is no clothes to keep out the cold, and the tattered jacket is pulled and pulled, but it still can't cover the calf. Pull, pull, pull. Tibia, calf. (5) The second sentence means nothing, empty hands, nothing, and his wife and children are hungry. * * *, because cold and hunger made a painful sound. ⑥ Play and sing a sad song loudly. The beginning of the song also means "singing through sorrow". Neighbor Lu Li. An expression of melancholy, sympathy and sadness.
Comment on the second tragic situation that the whole family has no clothes and food and cries. The first sentence even called "Chang Kun", and it was terrible to commit yourself to making a living. In four sentences, write about the difficulty of foraging. Connecting the past with the future, the "oak chestnut" in the tree is empty, and the "Huang Du" is dug underground. But at this time, the mountain was closed by heavy snow, and there were no seedlings to find, so there was no choice. All we have to do is pick up the long shovel entrusted to us and return empty-handed. And "men groan and women sing on the wall" is a tragic image after returning empty-handed. This is silence (four walls are silent) to set off the sound (men groan and women sing). In the last two sentences, the neighbors have been disappointed in me, and they are far away from the younger brothers and sisters of the third and fourth brothers.
third
There is a brother in the distance. Who is thinner among the three?
It's a long way to go before we meet.
I will fly to the east, to the geese, and then bring you to me.
Alas, trilogy, where are you going to collect your brother's bones?
To annotate ...
Du Fu has four younger brothers: Ying, Guan, Feng and Zhan. In addition to his younger brother Du Zhan following him at the moment, the other three are all far away in Shandong and Henan. Everyone is thin, everyone is thin. No one is strong, no one is strong. (2) State the reasons for dispersion in two sentences. Exhibition is tossing and turning and spreading everywhere. The dark days in Chen Hu meant that the Anshi Rebellion made the world restless. ③ jiā goose, a kind of wild goose. Qiūcānɡ, two kinds of waterfowl. Storks are bald and horseshoe crabs are horseshoe crabs. Andrew, how come. That is to say, even if my brothers can go back to their hometown, I don't know where to wander. Where will you collect my brothers' bones?
Comment on the third song lamenting the separation of brothers, expressing deep affection and sadness. The first sentence even called "a younger brother". We live far apart, but love is gone, which is very distressing. The middle four sentences are very hurtful. The sentence "separation" states the reasons for separation, which is a good warning. The order is different, and then the bone is closed. The two are in the same strain, and the horizontal insertion of Flying East is a comparative method. Seeing birds flying eastward, I was born to use them to satisfy my brothers' whimsy. The conclusion sentence is also an exclamation in the biography of war. One exhibition will become farewell, and the other exhibition will be farewell to death. As for bone retraction, it is extremely painful. The poet combined the feelings of separation of brothers with Chen Hu's hatred of darkness, showing his patriotic feelings.
Fourth.
There is a sister in the clock, and her lover has long since died alone.
The waves in the Changhuai River are high and the dragon spirit is soaring. When will it come in ten years?
The ship is full of arrows, and there are many flags in the south.
Alas, four songs and four plays, the forest ape cries for me.
Note 1 Du Fu's sister married Webster and her husband was widowed. Li Zhong is now Fengyang County, Anhui Province. 2 lover, husband. Go to hell. Orphan, orphan idiot means young and not sensible. (3) Changhuai, Huaihe River and Zhong are near Huaihe River, so I want to go by water. Lang Gao Long was angry and tried to describe the danger of water travel. (4) arrows eyeful, banners, refers to the war. Far away, far away. Southland, southern Judah. A sunny day, a miserable day.
Comment No.4: I miss my widowed sister in the distance. It not only laments my sister's remoteness, but also hurts her lonely situation. In the middle four sentences, write down the reasons for the difficulty. In the last two sentences, four lamentations were played, which made the monkey cry. Apes often cry at night, but today the apes in the mountains are moved by me and cry during the day, which shows that they are extremely sad.
Fifth.
The four mountains are windy and the streams are urgent, and the cold rain trees are wet.
The ancient city of Artemisia annua can't open the clouds, and the white fox jumps over the beam and the yellow fox stands.
Why was I born in a poor valley? Stay up at midnight.
Alas, five songs are long, and the soul does not return to its hometown.
To annotate ...
(1) The first four sentences describe the desolate environment where the same valley is sparsely populated and wild animals are rampant. Whispering, describing the sound of wind and rain. Artemisia annua, a weed, is often used to write desolate scenes. Jump, jump. Because there are few people, foxes are more active. (2) What and why. Midnight, midnight. (3) Writing homesickness shows that the soul has returned to its hometown and cannot be recruited. There are two kinds of evocation in ancient times, one is the soul of the dead and the other is the soul of the living. This is the latter. This sentence paraphrases the meaning of "the soul returns to its hometown, but it is the former residence" in the Songs of the South, which has a deeper meaning and is particularly alarming.
Comment on the fifth song, sad brother and sister are hard to see, return to themselves, and write a desolate valley with mixed feelings. The poem first describes the "poor valley" of life with many gloomy scenery-wind, rushing water, cold rain, wet trees, Artemisia annua, Miyun and wild fox, and highly summarizes the difficult situation of life in the same valley.
Sixth.
There are dragons in the mountains in the south, and ancient trees and branches depend on each other.
The yellow dragon stings in the wood leaves ③, and the Agkistrodon from east to top ④.
It's all because Ann dared to come out. I'm going to cut my sword and rest.
Alas, six songs, the end of the song, the valley is rejuvenated.
To annotate ...
(1) Ba (qiū), Shentan. This refers to Zhangguan Lake in Qili, southeast of Tonggu County. According to legend, there are dragonflies in the lake. ②(lónɡz not nɡ), tall and handsome. Jiū, the branches are bent and drooping. (3) Sting (zhé), animals hibernate and don't eat. (4) Agkistrodon halys, a poisonous snake. It was the middle of winter, and the snake should have been dormant, but because it was warm in the same valley (that is, the "rejuvenation posture" written in the last sentence), it was necessary to travel. These two sentences mean that I dare to travel in winter when I see an adder. I tried to cut my sword, but I didn't. Why? Because poisonous snakes travel, it indicates that the weather is getting warmer, which is great good news for Du Fu's family who have no clothes to keep out the cold. It was because this good news was reported by an adder that Du Fu could not bear to cut it. This reflects the hardships of life. The meaning of this sentence is that streams and valleys will restore the posture of spring for my poor person. Seeing the yellow leaves of konoha, I feel sad in winter, so I am eager to return to the earth in spring.
Comment and analysis
The sixth song is Du Fu's trip to Wanzhangtan in the same valley. He couldn't bear to kill the poisonous snake when he saw its abnormal appearance. He expressed his yearning for Chun Xun tactfully, which just reflected his difficulties in winter.
Seventh.
Men are born old and hungry for three years.
How many years have you been with Chang 'an Qing? Prosperity is better than health.
Confucian scholars in the mountains have known each other for a long time, and words hurt their arms.
Alas, the sad ending of seven songs ⑤, the speed of looking up to God ⑤.
To annotate ...
(1) men, Du Fu claimed to be. Old, Du Fu is 48 years old and has become very old. (2) During the three years, Du Fu got rid of thieves in April (757), returned to Zhuozhou in August, relegated to Huazhou in June of the first year of Gan Yuan (758), went to Luoyang in winter, returned to Huazhou in the spring of the following year, and abandoned his official position in Qin Zhou in July. Up to now, he still lives in the same valley, running on barren hills and wild roads for three years and suffering a lot. The second sentence means that the nouveau riche in the imperial court are mostly teenagers, so it seems that if you want to make a fortune, you must find a job as soon as possible. This is the language of anger. Devote oneself to one's career. (4) "Old knowledge of Confucian scholars in the mountains", an old friend who once wandered to Tonggu Mountain, should be Li. Du Fu's poem "Eleven Questions about Sending Li to Changsha" was written in the autumn of the fifth year of Dali: "I will be in Dongting in the twelfth autumn of Xikang." Xikangfu, the bronze drum. It was twelve years from the winter of the second year of Gan Yuan (759) to the autumn of the fifth year of Dali (770). Past, past. (5) quietly end the song, quietly end the singing. Sadness is silent and worrying. 6. The speed of day, in the blink of an eye, time waits for no one. This sentence can not but sigh the decline of the sunset, can only sigh the deep sorrow of the poor and old.
Comment and analysis
The last song ends with a whole set of poems, lamenting that you are old, accomplished nothing, lonely and barren. Its voice is generous and its spirit is awesome.