China's civilization is unique. Modern scientific research results at home and abroad reveal that China's Neolithic culture has included many traditional qualities of China at present, from which a Chinese civilization with distinctive personality characteristics has gradually emerged. But she has never been isolated. China, located in the Far East, is the mother of civilization in this region. Through the conflict with other western civilization systems, they can convect with each other. Originality and Westernization have promoted the vigorous development of China civilization, and have long been the pioneers of world civilization. Constrained by historical limitations, the initial human civilization was relatively barren and difficult to test. The first stage of China civilization is Yin Shang civilization and Western Zhou civilization, which we can call the early civilization of China. There are different opinions about its origin. Some widely accepted academic viewpoints hold that the Shang Dynasty was founded in 1500 BC, about 2000 years later than the earliest Mesopotamian civilization, and Mesopotamia, as the center of the early civilization of all mankind, also spread to China in the process of spreading to the periphery. Its bronzes, wheels and some achievements of agriculture and animal husbandry civilization, together with China local culture such as ideographic characters, family-oriented social structure, clothes with wide sleeves and architectural art supported by rectangular columns, nurtured businessmen to grow into magnificent representatives of bronze age civilization.
The imitation and interpretation of Shang civilization by semi-primitive conquerors in the Western Zhou Dynasty made their creativity shrink deeply. She practiced extreme autocracy in ideology, land distribution, household registration policy and hierarchical system, which plunged Chinese civilization into a dark age. It is this stagnation and silence that ended the continued spread of immature early civilization, leaving open the ruins of civilization, and the infinite creativity of human beings was able to bloom in the great freedom of competing for hegemony among countries, creating a new stage of Chinese civilization: China's classical civilization was passed down from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Southern Dynasties. She broke ground and achieved a leap in the quantity and quality of Chinese civilization, which is a milestone close to Genesis. Almost at the same time, ancient Greek and Indian civilizations also broke through the darkness and rose independently, standing as the three original regional centers of human classical civilization, and basically laid the world civilization pattern that lasted until now throughout the Iron Age.
Among them, the ancient Greeks are the most culturally creative race. She has a vast territory, few people, scarce resources, narrow territory and deep foreign invasion, but she has entered the forefront of primitive civilization with outstanding civilization achievements. Through the promotion of Macedonia and Rome, the ancient Greek civilization was extended to the vast areas of Eurasia and Africa, and it was very popular. She also divided into several sub-civilizations, which gave birth to the most advanced primitive western civilization in the world so far in the civilized desert of medieval Europe. Since the16th century, Europeans have been the mentors and overlords of mankind, and the modernization of underdeveloped countries is westernization to a great extent. Objectively speaking, the ancient Greek civilization and its successor, Western civilization, are a series of primitive civilizations that have the deepest, widest and most promising influence on the world, and their historical position has never been surpassed.
In contrast, China's classical civilization has developed more soundly and excellently. Although it also encountered the bottleneck of barbarian extinction, it was passed down from generation to generation. The Middle Ages merged the western cultures and developed into the center of the world for a long time, unlike the civilization fault between ancient Rome and the West. China's civilization achievements hatched many sub-civilizations in the Far East and unified most of them one by one. She also spread a lot to the west and made great contributions to the progress of mankind, but in modern times, she has fallen into the edge of the world. On the basis of poor and backward material civilization, the ancient Greeks worked hard to build spiritual civilization and struggled to survive in the cracks of the great powers. Their culture was branded as extreme and extreme, and ancient Rome, which picked up the mantle, made great achievements in politics and military affairs, but made little innovation in science and culture, and was eventually extinct by barbarians. China's classical civilization developed in an all-round way, from the germination in the Spring and Autumn Period to the blooming in the Warring States Period, and then to the maturity in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Decadent autocracy was subverted by multiple competitions. The fate of an individual has set off a vigorous technological and ideological revolution by his own study and creation, bearing rich economic and cultural fruits, and then condensed into a progressive system and a new autocracy that conquered the edge of education. This is only similar to the modern west. Under the historical conditions at that time, Han civilization ran in the forefront of the world and ruled most of the areas it could set foot in. The unified national policy of Legalists and Confucianists declared that the civilized and advanced central country would guide the wild frontier in the world, and finally achieved the goal of "one country under the same roof". In the eyes of China people, barbarians are uncivilized primitive and semi-primitive, not a narrow concept of racial exclusion, and international relations have embarked on the track of harmonious development, far behind the unilateralist European and American colonists in ancient Greece. China's mission is to realize the unity of human and world civilization. However, the sublimation and decline of civilization, the normal and abnormal promote each other, and the tyranny of the empire leads to the out-of-control of human nature. There is a profound crisis hidden behind the prosperity, which is out of control. The disaster of party struggle at the end of the Han Dynasty and Sima's tyranny at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty forced the intellectuals who took the world as their responsibility to turn to the seclusion of personal interests, and the elegance of Laozi and Zhuangzi became the eternal fashion of literati. The gentry's gate valve formed a system, constantly producing hereditary celebrities and parasites. The gentry encroached on the pillars of China, and the common people were squeezed at the bottom of the society, and their children and grandchildren could not turn over. The gap between the rich and the poor was wide and their family background was strict. Oligopoly is corrupt, extravagant, decadent, dissolute, and the beat generation is all over the ruling and opposition parties, accusing ethics and laws and pursuing absolute freedom. Traditional values collapsed after the earthquake of civilization and fell into anarchy. Metaphysics of Cao Wei was shaped by Jin civilization, which bound Song, Qi, Liang and Chen in the Southern Dynasties and dispersed the detached and degenerate Six Dynasties. The fighters in Wuhu, the Great Wall, swept across the Central Plains, killing wildly, and the cultures of the western regions such as Central Asia, South Asia and West Asia were completely dumped and covered. Indian Buddhism, which was not popular during the Han and Wei Dynasties, became popular in the Far East. The hellish century buried the eschatological feelings of alienated civilization and brought new life to China. The Sixteen Countries and the Northern Dynasties took the lead in breaking into medieval civilization. Although southern Xinjiang was relatively backward, the conquest of Sui eventually led to the collapse of China's classical civilization.
Tang Dynasty is synonymous with prosperity, which makes countless people in China still proud of it, but its negative side can't be ignored: it comes down in one continuous line with the Sixteen Countries, the Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, and it is the climax of China's westernization. To the extreme, it was foreign civilization that gave China a bone marrow transplant to bring it back to life. The ideological field of the Tang Dynasty was the coexistence of Chinese and foreign thoughts, and the national spirit and social system were sound, but there were no creative philosophers, only Buddhism was in full swing, and localized Zen appeared, which belonged to the development stage of ancient Indian civilization, just like the extension of modern western civilization to China. You can imagine what it would mean if Jesus' beliefs and European and American values covered all of China. The art of the Tang Dynasty was transplanted from the western regions, the local dance music was on the verge of extinction, paintings and sculptures were Buddhist, and the ancient prose movement was also launched. As for his amazing achievements in poetry and calligraphy, he gave full play to the original mode of the Six Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, science and technology made many great achievements, such as block printing, gunpowder refining, medicine, astronomy and so on, mainly in the field of applied technology. In essence, it is roughly the same as the current world scientific and technological situation. The revolutionary period has passed and the transition period is coming, but people pay attention to specific details and comprehensive intersection, which makes the construction improve immediately. It seems to be changing with each passing day, full of tricks, and the actual span is not large. As the golden age of the Middle Ages, the originality of Tang civilization is zero. The vigorous, simple, profound and social civilized character of the Eastern Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties often lurks or declines, and is replaced by tang style, who is atmospheric, bright, flashy and mysterious. Foreign civilizations must have comparative advantages in order to educate and promote indigenous people. The rise of the Tang Dynasty by westernization revealed that the national cultural foundation had been relatively weakened, while the classical period was a model for the four foreigners to learn, and the wild customs only embellished China's self-confidence and greatness. However, the Tang Dynasty restored many inherent traditions of the Han family, making it full of vitality, and the aggression trend of western civilization's assimilation of colonies turned into transformation and integration by China. Generally speaking, the Tang Dynasty was open, traditional, eclectic and free in personality. Unprecedented prosperity and strength, especially in the cause of conquering and educating the four foreigners in the western regions, the achievements are extremely outstanding, ranking first in the world. For ordinary people, the prosperous Tang Dynasty was the best time to live, and she was widely regarded as a model symbol of China.
Song Dynasty, a link between the past and the future, is the peak of medieval civilization and the beginning of China's thousand-year dark decline. The combination and sublimation of local culture and western culture has solidified into a towering monument of economy, science and technology, literature and art, and thought, which has many characteristics of modern society in advance and is almost unparalleled in the world, and has turned from it to the opposite side, such as the crystallization of China and the West, the profound neo-Confucianism, the murder of Song Confucianism and the decline of civilization. A single sage preaches, an extreme civil policy, and a bloated centralization. "serfdom" nailed the vast majority of people to the ridge. Women are vassals of men, individuals are vassals of families, and everyone is vassals of civilization. Traditional lifestyles such as the Western Zhou Dynasty were revived as religious articles, and civilization gradually ceased to be the sublimation of human beings, but suddenly turned back and swallowed up life and civilization itself. There was a Song Dynasty, which looked like delicate and fragile porcelain, suffering from impotence and dark personality. Just after the reunification of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Song Dynasty gave up paying tribute to the backward barbarians who attacked on a large scale. It was inevitable that it would be unlucky again in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, and it was finally eradicated by uncivilized meta-imperialism.
Song civilization was strengthened by Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and kept to the present age. During this period, internally: the autocracy and decay of ideological culture and social system reached its peak; Exterior: lonely, responsible, weak, humiliated and even slaughtered, Lai lived to modern times and almost became another group of Indians, who really got a terminal illness. The ancient Greek civilization was extinct in the hands of its founders, but it was carried forward by its modern students. China's classical civilization is immortal in her descendants, and it flourished in the rest of her life until it developed abnormally and became an anti-civilization. In the Ming Dynasty, China inherited a very strong basic strength and had the opportunity to take the lead in stepping into modern human civilization: the steel output in the early years of the Ming Dynasty was about120,000 tons, and it took hundreds of years for the British Empire, which dominated the world, to stumble and catch up, the progress of firearms, the precision of astronomical clocks, the popularization of printing, the circulation of paper money, the convenience of canals, the rise of new production relations and humanistic spirit, the social stability, education and the establishment of the country in the Ming Dynasty. Compared with other countries which are far behind in the same period, China is the most promising to dominate the global order. The great achievements of western civilization will be built by China. In that case, people may account for three-quarters of the world's total population, as contemporary European and American scholars say, and Chinese will become the lingua franca of human beings and lead to China all over the world.
On the contrary, the divided and desolate Europe was divided up by the modern civilization that followed. Unfortunately, China has all kinds of cutting-edge advantages, so it voluntarily retreated and gradually lost its leading position in the world.
The superstructure of the Ming Dynasty was in the abyss of the decline of the old civilization. Tradition was similar to a black hole. People's self-cultivation had long been transformed into spiritual opium. Imperial power was infinitely deified, and subjects were inferior to cattle and horses. Cruel Daming Law, evil spy networks, frequent and large-scale indiscriminate killing, heavy industrial and commercial taxes, self-destruction of steel mills, abandonment of warships, allowing it to be destroyed, implementing a closed-door policy and despising technological innovation, but the most brilliant thing was its perfect imperial examination system. The stereotyped essay examination castrates people and civilization, which dwarfs the inquisition in Europe: in a tender way, it brings any revolutionary forces that may be anti-authoritarian and anti-decadent into the ranks of maintaining autocracy and corruption. The social atmosphere in this era is conservative and closed, and the walking dead have become the mainstream of the nation. It was not until the middle of the Ming Dynasty that Yi Di, who had been ignorant, came from behind and besieged China.
If the Ming Dynasty lost the opportunity of global expansion, and let China's gentle and courteous gentleman comfort himself, then "China people and dogs are not allowed to enter" is the bitter fruit of this masturbation; Compared with the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty, the country still has half of the drowning straw, and the Nazi-style rule of the Yuan Dynasty kept Chinese Jews in the East. Compared with the time when the conquered people were defending national integrity, they were all "good citizens" under the bayonet of the Qing Dynasty. Compared with the deteriorating Han people, the thriving Mongolia and Manchuria conquered the vast circle and numerous races with a few people, making them integrated. This is really a great nation. But they just bid farewell to the primitive, appreciated the maturity of Song and Ming culture, and accepted and worsened its complete decay. The Qing Dynasty completed Manchukuo's China, China's Manchukuo, and China, who thought that China was still the center of the world.
The slap of the Opium War has not awakened the arrogant China. The adherents are trapped in that pile of old paper, claiming that traditional chinese odyssey equates feudal ethics, culture and national justice, and the advanced western civilization has been demonized. The crisis of the situation forced the Westernization School to be in line with international standards in "equipment" at most, and still clung to the spiritual tablet of "Tao". Boxers believe in ghosts and gods, insist on painting and practicing boxing, and will certainly defeat muskets and cannons, and regard sticking to backward civilization as the only way to safeguard national sovereignty and national dignity. The accumulation of tradition has become an obstacle on the way forward. This kind of anti-civilization is tens of millions of times more harmful than that without civilization. One of the major reasons why China has failed to innovate civilization for a long time is the burden of the old civilization, which has changed from the driving force of society to the plague that makes everything fester. China's modern civilization landed on the southeast coast only after the four barbarians took turns poisoning it. The May 4th Movement prescribed a prescription for China people, and China enthusiastically Europeanized Soviet Russia, and began the construction of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, which transplanted civilization. However, if we flaunt that the old and new societies are diametrically opposed, then we are deceiving ourselves. The deep-seated crux today is the resurrection of the Qing Dynasty, not rigidity. It is not clear whether China is the sunrise in the east or the return of light. The Western Zhou Dynasty was bounded by classical civilization and early civilization.
In response, China's vitality for nearly a thousand years also lurks under the trampling of anti-civilization, but in the long night, a series of rebellious lightning flashes: from Wang Anshi's political reform to Yuan's grieving accusation, from Li Zhi's lawlessness to the painful awakening in A Dream of Red Mansions, this ray of resistance to the old civilization has changed from a spark to a surge of "knocking down the Kongjiadian" inspired by western civilization.
Wildfire starts a prairie fire. Tradition has experienced a turbulent process between total affirmation and total negation. On the one hand, it has been stripped off a lot, and China is more and more like a western province. On the other hand, in fact, the Chinese civilization that most people at home and abroad understand and retain mainly comes from the Song Dynasty, especially the Chinese civilization in the Qing Dynasty: selfish and hypocritical, pedantic and illusory, exclusive and flattering, self-styled, superstitious and unbelieving, polite and uncivilized, timid and proud, desperate and looking forward to future generations, fighting to the death but unorganized, emphasizing elegance but ignoring courage, having more experience and technology but less theoretical science, being good at emotional intuition and lacking logical thinking. Shrinking unity, paranoid pacifism, interpersonal atmosphere that blocks individuality, and totalitarian autocracy in a stagnant pool are all pieces, but I don't know that this is a blind man touching an elephant, buying gifts and returning pearls, and sincerely defending and carrying forward these abnormal characteristics in the declining period as "national quintessence", and then objectively forgetting his ancestors and destroying his family. Civilization should be developing. Shaping it into a certain form means that it is rigid, and the traditional inferiority will be reborn before dawn. Under the background of the need for reform in the name of triteness, the old radicalism of Chinese studies has basically failed. They didn't clean up the rubbish of history, nor did they create works in a super-westernized way. From this perspective, modern China is only a struggle in the Middle Ages, an archaeological site and a fossil of civilization, far from establishing a real modern civilization. Foreign sinologists have praised the superiority of China culture and declared that China tradition is the way to save the world. Whether it is feasible or not, its source is still the legacy of the ancients, not what achievements of civilization we have now can benefit mankind. China tried his best to publicize his long history and splendid culture, just like a dying old man, showing off how energetic he was when he was young. Only merciless people will use the four great inventions to make a fig leaf of backward science and technology, and use the greatness of their ancestors to prove that even they are great. New achievements of western civilization emerge one after another. Exploring space and criticizing philosophy have marked every corner of the earth with its symbol.
Contemporary China people are complacent about their achievements after westernization, but they don't know that they have shouldered another mountain that stifles originality. Today's so-called innovation achievements have not jumped out of the strange circle set by China's old civilization and western civilization. The former has been eroded and ossified, while the latter entered its heyday in the19th century and began to decline. The existing world hegemony is just a spent force. Newton's theory is no longer reproduced, and trivial and intensive technology is progressing; Kant's thoughts have no successors, such as existentialism and human rights concepts, such as hegemonic philosophy, ethnic disputes, religious conflicts, disparity between the rich and the poor, ecological deterioration, loss of freedom, rampant human desires, moral decline, collapse of faith and other social cancers. The root of the decline of western civilization lies in democracy and autocracy. People's spirit is no longer full of efforts in the rising period, but becomes decadent, indulgent, depressed and numb. The most terrible thing is that this powerful and abnormal civilization is being transplanted to all parts of the world, which will be the biggest disaster in history.
Global economic integration has begun, and no one can stay out of it. In fact, it is only the vanguard, and deeper political integration, cultural integration and racial integration will follow. Under the background of this global village, human beings are by no means a dream, but they will also contribute to the virus infection of alienated civilization. Closing the door to the outside world is going backwards in history, and the existing old civilization in the world is even worse than that in the west. Westernization will benefit mankind in the near future, but it will inevitably add a dark future to history. It consumes and restricts the pioneering power of the deep and unknown world to aging and the lingering of the past civilization, such as the mansion on the sandbar and the sunset glow. It is true that modern human civilization has only one center, but if it is regarded as the absolute standard and ultimate realm of civilization, it is anti-civilization and anti-humanity. Our ideal mission and broad road can only be original, original and endless. The new civilization is all-inclusive and absorbs all the outstanding achievements of human civilization, which will push the world to a brand-new and broad world in originality.
Sadly, China has not done so, and neither has the world.
The origin of civilization is an extremely arduous task. People are always willing and forced to be satisfied with what they have, whether it is their own traditions or foreign fruits. One of the few primitive civilizations in history illustrates this point. In the case of carrying thousands of years of civilization accumulation and the tradition solidified into a mountain, there is no precedent for originality. Relatively speaking, the original classical civilization was far from being easily abandoned, and the burden of civilization in the Sui and Tang Dynasties was lighter, just westernized. Now, western civilization has swept the world, which has become an irreversible trend of the times. Under her impact, the traditional high walls in China were loosened, and the quadrangles were occupied by the West. China people got on the last bus of modernization, but lost their homes and homes. Chinese civilization is like a rootless prodigal son, wandering and at a loss, in a broken and chaotic state where the old order has collapsed and the new order has not yet been established. It seems that the primitive architecture of Han civilization has long been a masterpiece. At present, the feasible solution is to renovate the old houses and make the western civilization China. The essence of global westernization urges non-westerners to pursue individuality, and the prospect of integration must be based on the premise of multipolarization. The trend of globalization will lead to the upsurge of localization. China needs cosmopolitanism at present, but it needs to emphasize nationalism more. The traditional bright side is a bond and a strength. It can unite Chinese people all over the world from being cloned by the west and dedicate their unique development wisdom to world civilization with their own genes. China people should take up this weapon. The civilization of the Tang Dynasty has set a blueprint for our next step: under the banner of tradition, we should take the road of innovation, that is, put on the shackles of old China and foreign civilizations to "innovate", find the traditional normal self of China, and integrate into the international society dominated by the West. Through the efficient and orderly advanced system, the slave phase of fools will be restored to the domineering of kings, and from the edge of rules to the center of power, so as to achieve the strongest comprehensive national strength and the optimization of cultural life. Up to now, apart from a few vague dilutions, the scientific community has not been able to clearly identify and get in touch with a wide range of people in known human civilizations.
In addition, all primitive and non-primitive civilizations such as Sumer, Babylon, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Hebrew, ancient Persia, ancient India, Islam, Byzantium, Slavic, and modern West were created by a Caucasian group with Semitic Indo-European languages, and all the stars were short-lived. Only China, with its outstanding civilization and independence in the Far East, is regarded as a mysterious, unique and outstanding dark horse by the international mainstream. In fact, China has repeatedly absorbed and improved foreign elements on the basis of local originality, so that the language is interlinked and constantly expanding. Non-Chinese civilization has acquired innovative weapons again and again through backward communication, becoming another object of tolerance and sublimation, and is the universal source of world civilization. She keeps evolving along the tortuous spiral track of primitiveness, growth, alienation and emerging, and can never jump out of the "reincarnation" of history. It is the oldest and only endless civilization. With the passage of time, tradition has more and more restrained the originality of China people, and kept the uniqueness of civilization genes, which hides an opportunity for human beings to surpass Western civilization and enter a new stage of development. Perhaps this is the essence and movement procedure of Chinese civilization that has not yet been reborn. If anyone in the world can master the genes of Chinese civilization without being swallowed up by her, he can master the future of human civilization.