Although the progress of space engineering is slow, it is indeed advancing. In another 20 years, I believe that not only billionaires but also ordinary civilians will have the opportunity to set foot in orbit and travel freely between planets.
Calori Basin (Mercury)
Looking at images of the surface of Mercury, we will see a vast and bright area that contains huge and ancient impact craters. The Calori Basin is about 1,500 kilometers in diameter. This basin was formed about 4 billion years ago, shortly after the birth of the solar system, when Mercury collided with a giant asteroid, and the basin is surrounded by It is the dim Karori Mountains, so the Karori Basin looks very beautiful.
In the center we can see a unique structure called the Panteion Trench, which is a long, linear crack extending radially from the Apollodorus impact crater. You must know that when Mercury orbits the sun once, it will also rotate 1.5 times. Therefore, when Mercury is at aphelion, the sun happens to be at 0 degrees or 180 degrees of the meridian. The Calori Basin is located at the precise position. Above 180 degrees, when Mercury is close to perihelion, the sun will appear to be hanging directly above every two years in Mercury time. You can just imagine this strange scene. What a spectacular scene it is to see the huge dazzling fireball floating in the dark sky and the falling black shadow.
Olympus Mons (Mars)
Olympus Mons is the highest mountain in the solar system. Olympus Mons is located in the Tharsis region near the equator of Mars. The height is 21 kilometers, and the height calculated from the surface area is 26 kilometers, which means that the height of Olympus Mons is higher than Mount Everest and Mauna Kea combined. If you look at the entire Olympus Mons from a high altitude, you will see that it is shaped like a huge shield, or a small dish that in turn covers the surface of Mars. The diameter of this small dish is 540 kilometers. If this small dish is If placed on the earth, it would be enough to completely cover a small country. There is another interesting thing. Before the probe reached Mars, Olympus Mons was not considered a mountain because we really couldn’t imagine that there would be such a huge mountain, so in the past we all called it Olympus. Mount Lympus is the Olympus Snowfield.
Amirani Volcano (Io)
Io is the closest satellite to Jupiter among the Galilean satellites. Due to Jupiter's strong gravity, Io's interior continues to be hot. , so it is considered to be the most volcanically active object in the solar system and has about 400 volcanoes distributed, and multiple volcanoes often erupt at the same time. Thanks to these active volcanic activities, Io has a very unique topography, where you can see seas of sulfur and rivers. Although these seas and rivers will solidify immediately, there will always be new ones due to the continuous new eruptions. of formation.
Amirani volcano is located in the northern hemisphere of Io. It is a particularly powerful volcano on the planet. The crater of this volcano is named Gishbar Crater. It is located among the giant impact craters with extremely high edges. During the volcano, sulfur and silicates continued to erupt from the crater. The eruption observed by the Galileo detector flowed out 620 square kilometers of lava within 5 months, turning the entire area in its path into a sea of ??scalding sulfur. It is the largest fire-breathing fire known to mankind. When observing Amirani volcano, it is very dangerous to be at a very close distance. However, the Arc of Brimstone and Fire is just like the scenes in the regions depicted by various religions around the world. To see such a spectacular scene, it is worth taking a little risk.
Valhalla Crater (Calisto)
Valhalla is an impact crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto, formed after a collision with a huge meteorite A large structure with a bright area about 360 kilometers in diameter in the center, which is generally believed to be the location left by the meteorite. Starting from the central area, it is like forming a huge wave on the surface of Callisto, spreading out in concentric circles. The diameter of the outermost circle is 1900 kilometers. Considering that the radius of Callisto itself is only 2410 It's only about kilometers, so you can imagine how big this impact crater is.
There are several other similar structures on Callisto, but Valhalla is the largest among them. To better understand how this structure was formed, you can imagine going to the car window What happens when a stone is thrown into glass of the same thickness? A hole will appear where the stone was thrown, and cracks like spider webs will appear around it. By the way, Callisto is the celestial body with the most impact craters in the solar system. Its entire body is covered by impact craters. The newer impact craters are directly superimposed on the old impact craters.
Kraken Sea (Titan)
Titan is the only known celestial body in the solar system other than Earth that has a true hydrosphere, but the word hydrosphere may be a bit misleading. . Because what flows in Titan's rivers and oceans is not water, but liquid hydrogen compounds such as methane and ethane. Titan's temperature is very low, with an average temperature of only minus 179.5 degrees, which is twice as cold as the Antarctic Vostok Station on Earth.
At such temperatures, methane, ethane, propane and other gases will condense into rain and fall on Titan's surface, thus forming hydrospheres.
The largest body of water discovered on Titan is the Kraken Sea in the northern hemisphere. Its size is larger than the Caspian Sea on Earth. The Kraken Sea is connected to another body of water called the Ligia Sea through the Trenas Strait. Connected, the coastline of any sea is as complex as the fjords of Scandinavia. Under the orange sky of Titan, the dark liquid flowing on the brown wilderness is definitely a sight that everyone will never forget.
Herschel Crater (Mimas)
Mimas, another moon of Saturn, has its own unique appearance. Its posture is like a reappearance of the Death Star in Star Wars Same as in front of others. Did everyone think of the theme song of that famous movie when they saw Mimas? What makes Mimas most like a dead end is the Herschel Crater, the largest structure on its surface. Interestingly, when director Lucas was filming the movie, it was impossible to get inspiration from the appearance of Mimas, because in 1980 Voyager 1 took an image of this small satellite, and it was the first time that the impact crater was clearly captured.
The Heshir impact crater was caused by a large small satellite falling into Nimas. The impact at that time almost caused Mimas to fall apart, and the force of the impact even caused Mimas to break apart. Huge cracks also appeared on the other side. The Herschel crater has a diameter of 135 kilometers and a maximum depth of 10 kilometers. The diameter of Mimas itself is about 400 kilometers. So what is the existence of the small satellite that left such a conspicuous terrain on the surface of Mimas? How old is it? It's probably about the same size as the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs.
There are still many incredible things in the solar system waiting for us to discover.