1. Literature
The first number one scholar, three yuan scholars, and three scholars in Chinese history were born in the Tang Dynasty. They were Sun Fujia, the number one scholar in 622 AD (some say in 651 AD). Yan Kangcheng), and the three-yuan champion in 781.
Arguably the most impressive literary achievement of the Tang Dynasty was Tang poetry. Since Chen Ziang and the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty" in the early Tang Dynasty, poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Shen, Wang Wei, etc. have emerged continuously. and Li He in the mid-Tang Dynasty. Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty were all representative poets. ?
These poets have different styles of poetry. They have rich imaginations about the mythical world and vivid descriptions of real life. There are both vibrant frontier poems, thick and deep "history of poetry", and fresh and exquisite pastoral poems. ?
These poems together constitute an outstanding representative of ancient Chinese literature. Although there were still outstanding poets in the late Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, the overall level of rhyme and ancient poetry was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, making Tang poetry the insurmountable peak of ancient Chinese poetry. The big cities with the largest number of "Poems of the Tang Dynasty" are Luoyang, Chang'an and Jinling.
2. Fine Arts
Zhang Xuan’s "Spring Outing of the Lady of Guo" painted by Zhang Xuan. Due to the absorption of the characteristics and religious colors of the Western Regions, the art of the Tang Dynasty was completely different from that of the previous and previous dynasties. Brothers Yan Liben and Yan Lide in the early Tang Dynasty were good at painting figures. Wu Daozi is known as the "Sage of Painting". He was good at both figures and landscapes. He absorbed the techniques of the Western Regions School of Painting. His paintings are rich in three-dimensionality, and it is sometimes said that "Wu is the style".
Zhang Xuan and Zhou Fang mainly painted pictures of maids. Their representative works include "Picture of Tamping Practice", "Picture of Lady Guo Guo's Spring Outing" and "Picture of Lady with Hairpin Flowers". The poet Wang Wei was good at ink landscape painting, and Su Shi called him "poetry in his paintings."
The mural industry in the Tang Dynasty was particularly developed. The murals in Mogao Grottoes and tombs are masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. The sculpture art of the Tang Dynasty was equally outstanding. Dunhuang, Longmen, Maijishan and Binglingsi Grottoes all reached their heyday during the Tang Dynasty. The Lucena Giant Buddha in Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang and the Leshan Giant Buddha in Sichuan are both amazing. The Six Horses of Zhaoling and the three-color pottery figurines of the tomb are both very exquisite. Among them, the sculptor Yang Huizhi is known as the Sculptor. ?
3. Calligraphy
During the Tang Dynasty, calligraphers emerged in large numbers. Ouyang Xun and Yu Shinan were both famous calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Ouyang Xun's regular script is rigorous and rigorous, and his famous works include "Jiucheng Palace Liquan Ming". Yu Shinan's regular script font is soft and round. Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty.
Yan Zhenqing's regular script is thick and full of muscles, strong and free. His representative works include "Duobao Pagoda Stele" and "Yan's Family Temple Stele"; Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is strong and vigorous, and his representative works include "Mysterious Pagoda Stele" ", the world calls the calligraphy of Yan and Liu "Yan Jin Liu Gu". Zhang Xu and Huai Su were masters of cursive calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty.
4. Science and Technology
Seng Xing, an astronomer of the Tang Dynasty, measured the length of the meridian for the first time in the world; Medicine King Sun Simiao’s "Thousands of Gold Prescriptions" is a rare medical book; in 868 , the printing of the Diamond Sutra is the earliest known woodblock printing technology in the world. China's papermaking, textile and other technologies spread to West Asia and Europe through the Arab region. ?
5. Religion
The religious policy in the early Tang Dynasty was relatively open, and the two traditional Chinese religions, Taoism and Buddhism, developed greatly. In the Tang Dynasty, Taoism was the state religion, and the princes and nobles all respected Taoist priests. They used Taoist classics such as "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Wenzi" and "Liezi" to recruit scholars.
During the translation process of Buddhist scriptures in the early Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang absorbed many Taoist terms to adapt to the national conditions of the Tang Dynasty. The large number of translations of Buddhist classics and the gradual maturity of Chinese monks' own ideological systems enabled Chinese Buddhism to develop steadily during this period. During this period, most of the major sects of Buddhism had formed and matured.
Other religions such as Islam, Nestorianism and Zoroastrianism were also introduced to China through international exchanges. The Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty adopted a high-pressure policy against Buddhism, and history said that it would prosper and destroy Buddhism, which made other sects turbulent except for a few Buddhist sects such as Zen.