Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Appreciation of the Essence of "Returning to the Garden"
(1) Head to tail. At the end of the poem, the two sentences of "I can return to nature after being caged for a long time" express the joy of returning to the garden, which echoes the first two sentences of "I love autumn mountains without any discomfort" and expresses my own nature, which makes the whole poem effective.
② The language is simple. The poet used simple language to describe the scenery, express his feelings and express his will, showing the picture of rural life and farm scenes. See strange things in the ordinary, and taste in the plain. Poetry is as shallow as reality, and emotion is as light as reality.
judge
This article is the first of five songs in Return to the Garden. Poetry describes the poet's fresh feelings and heartfelt joy when he returned to the countryside. In the poet's pen, the countryside is an ideal cave opposite to the turbulent officialdom, and the ordinary farmhouse scene is full of charming poetry and love letters. While describing the pastoral scenery by line drawing, the poet skillfully blended his life ideal and personality sentiment. If the courtyard under the shade is like the poet's quiet state of mind after "returning to nature", then the smoke slowly permeating over the fallen wood is like the poet's attachment to his hometown. Even the most common crows and barks convey the poet's pursuit of a simple and quiet life with their unique local flavor. It is a remarkable feature of this poem to write the meaning in the chest with pastoral scenery.
The picture in this poem is very layered. Nearby, houses and trees are friendly; Measuring villages and cooking smoke in the distance gives people a long time to think. One is near and the other is far, giving the picture a sense of depth.
The language of poetry is as simple as that hut; I am as interested in it as that wisp of smoke. The poet confided in a simple style. The whole poem is like a trickle, which brings the author into an artistic realm of "seeing the truth after luxury" with its long flow. The poet adopts an artistic form that is completely in harmony with the simple pastoral life itself, thus making poetry have natural and sincere beauty. This is the unique charm of Tao poetry. /lit/enjoy/3 14.asp
Since you are a teacher, I found some lesson plans for you, but I really can't find anything else ~ ~
Gui yuan Tian ju
1) Import:
Junior high school students have learned Peach Blossom Spring. Who can tell me what kind of place Peach Blossom Garden is?
The scenery is pleasant. Everyone works, everyone is equal, and there is no exploitation and oppression. Self-sufficiency, food and clothing. Lonely, happy. Warm and hospitable, simple. )
We know that there is no such beautiful peach blossom garden in real life. Why did Tao Yuanming create this utopia?
At that time, society was dark and political situation was turbulent. Tao Yuanming wants to pin his ideal of praying for stability on this happy paradise. The political situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty where Tao Yuanming lived was chaotic, and the people's lives were in dire straits. They long for a stable living environment, and Peach Blossom Garden is such an ideal residence. )
China literati are deeply influenced by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Buddhism had not been introduced into the Central Plains in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, so Tao Yuanming was influenced by Confucianism and Taoism. According to the contents of Peach Blossom Garden, we can clearly see the shadow of Taoist thought: there is no monarch, no oppression, and everyone lives in equality and peace.
Tao Yuanming, also known as Tao Qian, is a pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and a native of Chaisang, Xunyang. Later people called him "Mr. Jingjie". He also calls himself "Mr. May 6th". Grandfather and father used to be satrap, county magistrate and other officials. When I was young, my family declined and my family was poor. When he was young, he had great ambition to make achievements, but he was not taken seriously. He has only served as a few small officials. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the internal contradictions of the ruling class were sharp, the official career was full of risks and political corruption, which made Tao Yuanming very disappointed with the reality. He doesn't want to go with the flow in the chaotic and dark reality. He retired from his official career several times. Finally, he retired from Peng's position. This year, he was 4 1 year old and died in the countryside. After his death, the world called him "Mr. Jingjie".
Most of Tao Yuanming's works describe life after retirement, show pastoral scenery and working life, and express dissatisfaction with the dark reality. His poems are sincere in emotion, simple and natural in style, mellow in taste and fresh in language, which has a great influence on later generations.
Tao Yuanming initiated the integration of landscape pastoral poetry and opened up a new realm for classical poetry. Since then, the pastoral poetry has developed continuously, and the pastoral poetry school was formed in the Tang Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, there were countless poets describing the countryside.
Point out the key points: Tao Yuanming resigned and went home for the last time, and has never been an official since. In 405 AD, Tao Yuanming worked as a county magistrate in Pengze, Jiangxi Province, but after more than 80 days, he claimed that he didn't want to "bow down for the children in the village" and hang it home. From then on, I ended my seclusion and official life, and finally went to the countryside. After I came back, I wrote a group of five poems, * * *, which described the beauty of rural scenery and the simplicity and loveliness of rural life and expressed my happy mood after retirement. The first song is selected in the textbook.
In addition, when he was 29 to 43 years old, his official career made Tao Yuanming more aware of the darkness of officialdom, and his disappointment with reality made him more aware that nature was the place to live. Only in nature can people find their simple nature, that is, "truth". Zhuangzi said, "It is not easy to be true, so it is influenced by heaven." The attribute of "truth" is not imposed by the outside world, nor can external things change. When people's hearts are free and calm, we can find this simplicity and innocence by reflecting on our own hearts. At this time, people are stable and can observe calmly, and people and nature will be harmoniously integrated, reaching the "no-self" realm of things.
2) Solve the problem
A. the theme of articles and poems is like a person's eyebrows and eyes. As the saying goes: flirting. The title of an article can often convey or imply a lot of effective information. Question: What can the title "Return to the Garden" tell us? Which word is the inscription?
Clear: "Return"
B. Question: Since the word "Gui" is the title, and the title only clearly tells us to return to garden life, what hidden information and problems are hidden under this explicit information? (Interpreting Poetry with "Gui" as the Core)
C. discuss and clarify:
1, where to return? Why did you come back? 3. where to go? 4. How about going home?
3) Students read and discuss the text, look for relevant information and answer the above questions.
Where do you come from?
Removal: dust screen, fan cover
Follow-up: What are the metaphors of dust net and fan cage? Qing dynasty: officialdom life ("catching birds" and "pond fish" are Tao Yuanming's self-comparison)
Follow-up: Why is this metaphor? What kind of emotion did the poet show? Clear: Hate officialdom life.
"I fell into the dust net by mistake and walked for thirty years", with deep regret and misguided career life. The use of "dust net" shows his extreme aversion to intrigue and intrigue in officialdom. The word "mistake" expresses the poet's deep regret. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the power struggle was fierce. Tao Yuanming doesn't want me to be a victim of the contradictions and struggles of the upper ruling class, nor does he want me to be a tool of political careerists. However, his career life tightly bound him in the trap of political struggle of aspirants, so he was very painful. "One to Thirty Years" (actually, it should be "Thirteen Years") shows the length of time and the depth of pain with exaggerated figures. )
Why did you come back?
Clear:
I. Nature loves Qiushan (Nature)
Follow-up: Since "Nature loves hills", why do you want to be an official?
Qing: "Fall into the dust net by mistake." Being an official is not because of its nature, but because it is all wet. (Pay attention to the word "error")
Raising a family is a great help to the poor. In feudal society, if people want to make contributions and realize their political ideals, they can only be officials and take official careers. However, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the political corruption, social unrest and overbearing power made the ruling class keen to fight for power and profit. In such a political situation, it is impossible to realize the political ideal of progress, and Tao Yuanming is unwilling to go along with it, so he has to choose to run away and retire. }
"Rhyme" refers to a person's temperament. "Little without vulgar rhyme, naturally loving Qiushan" shows that his character is not suitable for secular officialdom life. "Adapting to customs" means adapting to the restrictions of complicated etiquette and the power struggle of intrigue in official career. The poet said that he lacked the temperament and sentiment of making friends in officialdom, and showed different noble sentiments. In the second sentence, he wandered around the mountains and rivers and loved the countryside, indicating the intention of retiring from the countryside.
Follow-up: As far as I know, Tao Yuanming resigned many times in his life. Can the word "wrong" make sense?
Qing: 1, ambivalent mentality: influenced by family and Confucianism, they have the ambition of "helping the poor"; If the official career is not successful, it is difficult to display one's ambition. 2. Repent completely. Maybe this is an excuse.
Follow-up: So "nature loves hills" may be a very important reason for Tao Yuanming's "return", but isn't it the most crucial reason? Please continue to look for information in the text. (Hint: Which sentence is the key sentence? )
Clear:
Stay stupid and go back to the garden
Q: What is the purpose of returning to Tian Yuan? Why be "stupid"? How to understand? What is the implication? (You can't be stupid if you don't go back to Tian Yuan)
Clear: Oppose cleverness and tactfulness, oppose versatility and intrigue in officialdom life, and be afraid that you will lose your sincerity under the influence of the harsh environment in officialdom. Officialdom is a place of trouble, and it is difficult to climb without the ability to be an official (even now there is a similar phenomenon). In this way, an upright and noble person will feel depressed and have no freedom, so the poet compares himself to "raising birds" and "pond fish" (combined with the story of Tao's resignation: not bending over for a bucket of rice)
Conclusion: So "returning to the garden" is to maintain a person's spiritual freedom and independence.
Where are you going?
Safety: Return to Tian Yuan.
Q: What are the characteristics of the pastoral scenery written by the poet? Please grasp several groups of image analysis in the poem.
Clear: Fangzhai/Cao Wu/Liu Yu/Taoli/Village/Cooking Smoke/Dog Barking/Cockcrow/
Summary: Why do ordinary rural life scenes look so beautiful in Tao Yuanming's works?
Qing: quiet and elegant, spacious and simple, quiet and harmonious, confused and hazy, this is a beautiful pastoral like a fairyland, which makes poets quit their jobs and linger. {Urbanization in rural areas and migration of some urban population to rural areas (alienation of civilization)}
These four sentences, "There are more than ten acres of square houses, eight or nine thatched houses, the back eaves of Liu Yin, Li Tao and Luo tang qian", were written from my own house. You see, there are ten acres of land and eight or nine huts around the house. Although the place is not wide and there are not many houses, it is a small world of its own and a free kingdom. The elm Liu Yin covers the back eaves, and the peach and plum trees stand in front of the house. How elegant and beautiful the environment is! Here set off the author's self-satisfaction, as Liu Yuxi said in "Humble Room Inscription": "The mountain is not high, the fairy is famous, the water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit; I am humble, and I am virtuous. "
"Warm and distant people's village, the smoke in the Yi market" wrote a vision. Looking at the village in the distance, the outline is blurred, the smoke is curling, and everything is calm.
Soothing and gentle. Barking in a Deep Lane is a far-reaching news, with movement and sound as the background, showing the tranquility and peace of the countryside. Write a recent story about a rooster crowing on a mulberry tree. Without chaos, chickens can crow proudly on mulberry trees.
In a word, these eight sentences capture common things in rural areas and draw beautiful pictures, which are near and far, colorful, light and thick, lively, simple and natural. All this is in sharp contrast with the poet's official life. Here, the poet praised the countryside and silently criticized the struggle, struggle, chaos and evil in the officialdom, which shows that the poet pursues a quiet life and a calm and harmonious mentality.
How about going home? Please find out the poetic words that contain the author's feelings from the poems.
Qing: "dust-free"/leisure/length/complexity (pay attention to refining words) freedom, relaxation and pleasure.
Follow-up: What is the author's personality tendency and spiritual pursuit?
Clear: hate officialdom, love rural life, and pursue spiritual freedom and independence.
In the last two sentences, the poet seems to be answering people's questions. Why do you say such an ordinary hut, chickens crow and dogs bark? It turns out that the author has been in the cage for a long time. Once the author rushes out of the net and returns to the embrace of nature, there is fun and spring everywhere. Even the grass and trees are particularly cordial and particularly gratifying. It can be said that these two poems are a summary of the image of officialdom life that has strayed into the dust net before, and also a kind of joy for the new life that has already begun.
Summary: Back to the Garden
It mainly describes the poet's free life and happy mood after getting rid of the dirty officialdom and coming to the fresh countryside. This kind of emotion, summed up in one sentence, is called "returning to simplicity". The first is "truth". Be true, be honest and not hypocritical, and be human. The second is "simplicity", that is, simplicity, no affectation, no pursuit of luxury, freedom and chic. This is a way of life that is opposite to the life of corrupt officials, and it is also the supreme real realm pursued by scholars in past dynasties.
4) Please tell us the artistic features of this poem:
A. echo from beginning to end;
B. the language is simple, plain and strange, light and tasteful.
5) Organize the ideas of poetry and guide reciting:
The first section begins with "personality"
The second season, from "Fish in the Bird Pond"?
Pastoral scenery
One side-land reclamation in the south ...
Two straight lines-a square house and a straw house
Before and after-Liu Ba, Li Tao
Look.-It's smoking.
Listen-the dog barks and the chicken crows.
From. com/article/catalog 150/77290 . html]