Liu Zongyuan was born in an official family, with little talent and high aspirations. In his early years, he was a scholar in the exam, and his writings were mainly flowery rhetoric. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he was a scholar, and in the fourteenth year, he entered the learned poetry class and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall. He was a lieutenant in Lantian, then became an official in the DPRK, actively participated in the political reform of Wang Group, and was transferred to Danielle as foreign minister. In September of Yongzhenyuan (805), the innovation failed, and the history of Shaozhou fell. 1 1 month, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima (now in Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province). During this period, he wrote the famous Eight Chapters of Yongzhou (Travel Notes at the Beginning of the Western Hills Banquet, Cobalt Pool Story, Cobalt Pool Western Hills Story, Xiaoshitang). Yuan He returned to the capital in the spring of the 10th year of Yuan He (8 15), and was soon demoted as the secretariat of Liuzhou with outstanding achievements. Xian Zongyuan died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the 14th year (819165438+1October 28th). He is very friendly. Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are his good friends.
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 works in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. Most of his poems express depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, and are deep and gloomy, forming their own family. What is most praised by the world are those leisurely and meaningful, simple and clean landscapes. Nearly a hundred parallel essays, argumentative essays, sharp and ironic. Travel notes about mountains and rivers are entrusted to many places. Philosophical works include Tian Shuo, Tian Dui and Feudalism. Liu Yuxi preserved and sorted out Liu Zongyuan's works in the Tang Dynasty. There are Liu Hedong Collection and Liu Zongyuan Collection (Zhonghua Book Company 1979 edition).
Liu Changqing is good at five-word method, and Xuanzong Tianbao is a scholar. From Suzong to Germany, he successively served as the commander-in-chief of Yushi, Changzhou County and Lingnan Nanba, and then returned to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to live. The case was then transferred to the judge. After learning about the transshipment of Huaixi and Hubei and Henan, he was falsely demoted as Sima of Zhou Mu. His life was bumpy, and there were some sentimental works, but it also reflected the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the Anshi Rebellion. For example, everyone in Muling Guanbei returned to Yuyang, tired soldiers, and built roads with new interests. The style is bleak and gloomy. Liu Changqing's poems are mainly composed of five words and seven words, especially five words. The five laws are concise and vague, and delicate in depth and density. For example, New Year's works such as Yueyang Tower Looking at Dongting Lake, Bijian Villa, Xi Huangfu, Shi Yu and Early Spring of Haiyan Officials. There are many beautiful sentences in the Seven Laws, such as "You can't see the drizzle and wet clothes, but you can't hear the idle flowers" (not to mention the poetry garden) "Can I follow your footsteps in the autumn grass, or only the setting sun passes through the bleak Woods?" (On passing Jia Yijia in Changsha). Five wonders, such as "Lotus Mountain Master in the Snow", "Moon in the River" and "Seeing the Spirit Master in the Car", are won by painting with simple techniques and full of charm. However, most of his poems are thin in content, narrow in realm, lack of change and have a sense of similarity in words. New Tang Shuyi Wen Zhi recorded its collection of books 10. The most popular is the Ming edition of Suizhou Poems by Tang and Liu (poem 10 volume, text 1 volume), and his poems are catalogued in Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty in five volumes.
all one's life
Liu Changqing was an outstanding poet during the transition from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty. Liu Changqing's life story has never been confirmed. Neither the Old Tang Book nor the New Tang Book has been published. Mr. Wen Yiduo thinks his birth year is 709 AD, Mr. Fu Xuancong thinks it is around 7 10 or 725, and there are other opinions. The year of death is generally considered to be between 789 and 79 1 year; In other words, Liu Changqing experienced four dynasties: Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong.
Liu Changqing, also known as Liu Suizhou, went to Suizhou as a secretariat. Xuancheng (present-day Anhui) is a native of Hejian (present-day Hebei). Tang Xuanzong Tianbao Jinshi. From Suzong to Germany, he served as the Imperial Adviser and the Taiwei of Changzhou County, was demoted to Nanba Taiwei of Lingnan, and then returned to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to live. The case was then transferred to the judge. After learning about the transshipment of Huaixi and Hubei and Henan, he was falsely demoted as Sima of Zhou Mu. In the second year of Jianzhong (78 1), he was appointed as the secretariat of Suizhou (now Hubei), known as Liu Suizhou. His life was bumpy, and there were some sentimental works, but it also reflected the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the Anshi Rebellion. For example, everyone in Muling Guanbei returned to Yuyang, tired soldiers, and built roads with new interests. The style is bleak and gloomy. Liu Changqing's poems are mainly composed of five words and seven words, especially five words. The five laws are concise and vague, and delicate in depth and density. For example, New Year's works such as Yueyang Tower Looking at Dongting Lake, Bijian Villa, Xi Huangfu, Shi Yu and Early Spring of Haiyan Officials. There are many beautiful sentences in the Seven Laws, such as "You can't see the drizzle and wet clothes, but you can't hear the idle flowers" (not to mention the poetry garden) "Can I follow your footsteps in the autumn grass, or only the setting sun passes through the bleak Woods?" (On passing Jia Yijia in Changsha). Five wonders, such as "Lotus Mountain Master in the Snow", "Moon in the River" and "Seeing the Spirit Master in the Car", are won by painting with simple techniques and full of charm. However, most of his poems are thin in content, narrow in realm, lack of change and have a sense of similarity in words.
When he was young, he studied in Songshan, and Xuanzong became a scholar in Tianbao. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), he may have won the scholarship, but the Anshi Rebellion broke out before the list was announced. In 756, Su Zong acceded to the throne, and Liu Changqing served as the county magistrate in Changzhou County under Suzhou. Soon, he was wrongly imprisoned and released under an amnesty. In the third year of Germany (758), Hai Yanling was photographed in the first month, and in the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), he was demoted to a captain in Nanba, Panzhou (now Dianbai, Guangdong), and left the Soviet Union as Hongzhou to stand by. On the way to Hongzhou, I was idle and met the great poet Li Bai. "Whoever pities this, don't be sad, be happy and different, Wan Li Qingshan will send me away." ("Going to Nanba to Yugan to bid farewell to Li Twelve") Li Bai was pardoned and released on the way to exile Yelang, and will travel far over the ridge. In fact, Liu Changqing didn't work in Nanba in the end. In the autumn of the following year (76 1), he was ordered to return to Suzhou to accept the "re-push". After several years of ups and downs, my career finally failed. The Yuan Dynasty writer Xin's Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty said: "Changqing was the best in the world, quite vulgar, and just had a general trend, so when he moved, people knew his grievances." In the second year of Shangyuan (76 1), he returned from Nanba and lived in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. At this time, Jiangnan has just experienced the Zhan Liu Rebellion, and the originally prosperous Wu Jun area has become dilapidated and depressed. Liu Changqing has a poem about this: "Empty court guests come and go, so old people are different." ("Back to the Old Butler from Jiangxi") After five years of Dai Zongli (770), he was transferred and sentenced, knowing that Huaixi and Eyue were transferred to stay. Because of his strong personality, he offended Wu Zhongru, an observer of Hubei and Vietnam, was falsely accused of taking bribes, and was once again demoted to Sima (now Chun 'an, Zhejiang). During this period, he had extensive contacts with Huang Furan, Qin Xi, Zhang Bayuan and other poets who lived in Zhejiang at that time. In the second year of Dezong Jianzhong (78 1), he served as the secretariat of Suizhou (now Suixian County, Hubei Province). The world is called "Liu Suizhou". From the first year of Xingyuan (784) to Zhenyuan (785), Li Xilie, the envoy of Huaixi, became king and fought fiercely with the troops of the Tang Dynasty in Hubei. Liu Changqing left Suizhou at this time. Liu Changqing was demoted twice, and suffered many wars while living in various places. Therefore, some of his sentimental life stories also reflect the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the An Shi Rebellion. For example, there are several old families left in the city after hundreds of battles ("Everyone in the north of Muling Pass belongs to Yuyang"), "Birds and birds in the city are empty, and the old road has moved" ("Judge Yuan of Henan Province was sent to Henan for activities, and the salary of hundreds of officials was filled with Miao tax"), and "Tired soldiers" and "What they did in Xinxi Road" and so on. , bleak and gloomy style, the content is as follows
Liu Changqing's poems are mainly composed of five words and seven words, especially five words, calling himself the "Great Wall of Five Words" (Quan Deyu's Preface to Qin School and Liu Suizhou's Songs). The new Tang Shuyi Wen Zhi records his book collection 10, which is the same as that of Zhai Jun Du Zhi and Zhizhai Shu Lu. According to the Book Collection of Rare Books, the poem 1 1 volume of Suizhou written by Tang and Liu was the Song version of Ming Dynasty, with the poem 1 volume and the text1volume. At present, Liu Suizhou Collection, that is, Ji Fu Series and Liu Suizhou Collection, that is, Four Books Series, are of this kind 1 1 volume. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty arranges his poems into five volumes. For deeds, see Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Talented Persons of Tang Dynasty.