Which dynasty was Zhang Lei a poet?
Zhang Lei, whose real name is Qian Wen and whose name is Keshan, is called Mr. Wan Qiu and Zhang Youshi. Because of its huge shape and brawniness, people also call it "Fat Fairy". He was born in the Northern Song Dynasty to the first year of Harmony (1054) and died in Zhenghe four years (1114) at the age of 6 1 year. He is a Jinshi in Xining, Song Shenzong. He has always been the master book, writer and historian of Linhuai. At the beginning of Zhezong Shaoshengri, he met Runzhou with Zhilongge. At the beginning of Song Huizong, he was called Taichang Shao Qing. One of the four bachelor's degrees in Sumen. Among the "Four Bachelor of Su Men" (Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei, Chao), the writer who died the latest and was deeply influenced by Tang Yin. On poetry, Bai Juyi and Zhang Ji are simple and comfortable, not polished, but often sloppy; Its words are rarely circulated, its language is fragrant and graceful, and its style is similar to that of Liu Yong and Qin Guan. His representative works include Youth Journey and Romantic Teenager. "Journey to Youth" is about the feelings of boudoir, and the modality of shy girls is vivid on the paper, which makes people envy and feel distressed. That kind of warmth is really a bit "too strong to melt away". He is the author of Keshan Collection and Wanqiu Collection. There are poems of Keshan and Zhao Wanli. Later, he was accused of being a member of the Yuan You Party, was demoted several times, and lived in Chen Zhou in his later years.
Zhang Lei was originally from Qiaoxian County, Bozhou City (now Bozhou, Anhui Province), and later moved to Chuzhou (now Chuzhou District, Huai 'an City). Ma Duanlin wrote "A General Examination of Literature" as "a native of Qiaoxian County", while Qin Shaoyou recorded in "Jin Xian and Houtu Book" that "Zhang Wenqian and Yu Yu in Du Qiao County thought otherwise ...", and he said in "Thinking of Huaiting" that "he was also a native of Huainan, who was strong since childhood and used to enjoy it." . Grandfather worked in Fujian, and after his father was a scholar, he traveled around the world, from officials to judges in Sandusi. Because of his age, he begged to leave Beijing to be the magistrate of Wujiang. Sister Li Wenan. Grandfather Li Zongyi first took Zuo Lang as the magistrate of Qiao County, and successively became an official, minister and foreign minister. He knew everything about military affairs, and was famous for his poems. He was good at writing poems and was deeply appreciated by the great poet Yan Shu at that time. It was in such a family that Zhang Lei was influenced by orthodox feudal ethics and received official education in Yang Shan. When he was a teenager, he showed inspiration for writing. "Ten years old is suitable for writing" ("A Letter to a bosom friend"), and at the age of seventeen, he wrote "A Letter to Guan Fu" to tell the story of population. After that, he was studying and was deeply loved by Su Zhe who was in Chen Gong at that time. In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), Su Shi came to bid farewell to his brother and became a general in Shanghang. Zhang Lei is very popular to meet Su Shi. Since then, he has become a guest of the Su brothers. Under the recommendation of Dongpo, he should recommend Gusu. In the sixth year of Xining (1073), when Zhang Lei was twenty years old, he was promoted as a scholar by the immortals, and Wang Anshi was responsible for the promotion. He was awarded the master book of Linhuai (now Sixian County, Anhui Province) and began to enter his official career. In the eighth year of Xining, Su Shi built a "transcendental platform" in Mizhou, and wrote "Transcendental Platform Fu". Su Shi called him "transcendent and peerless" and had the spirit of outstanding people. "His prose is indifferent to Wang Yang, and there is a sound of sighing" (a reply to Zhang Wenqian's book), which is the beginning of their poetry exchange. Before and after, I made friends with Qin Guan and Chao and became bosom friends.
From the sixth year of Xining to the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1073- 1086), Zhang Lei worked as a county magistrate and county official in Anhui and Henan for more than ten years, and because of the constant change of official ranks, he was particularly hard politically. "I was pedantic and clumsy, and I was trapped in a micro-official for ten years" ("Regret for the Past"), while "I was lonely, I had nowhere to eat, and I didn't know where to go" ("Assistant Minister Shang Cai Shu") was about this experience. Zhang Lei is an honest official. He wants to support his parents and children with a meager salary and is indifferent to life. However, bad luck came frequently, and his parents and ex-wife passed away one after another. His family went from bad to worse, and he was in an awkward position because of financial difficulties.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (4 1085), the Shinto religion collapsed, and the young philosopher religion succeeded to the throne, supporting the old party's high queen mother to listen to politics, and using Sima Guang, Su Shi and Su Zhe, they were sent to Beijing one after another. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), Minister Fan Chunren recommended Zhang Lei to take a bachelor's degree. The recommendation of Huang Tingjian, Chao and others to take the exam this time was put forward by Su Shi, a bachelor of Hanlin. As a result of the examination, all three of them were promoted, and Zhang Lei was appointed as the secretary of the province. Later, his works were reviewed by Zuo Lang, Secretary Cheng and the History Museum until he lived in a shed. In the spring of the second year of Yuan You (1087), Su Shi presided over the tribute ceremony of does, and Zhang Lei was hired as a marking officer and entered the examination institute to check the papers. In the third year of Yuanhu (1088), Qin Guan was called to the capital as Dr. imperial academy, the secretary of calibration, and joined Su Shi. In his or her spare time, he or she holds a reception with Zhang Lei, or visits places of interest in Kyoto, sings poems, writes inscriptions and encourages each other. * * * was cultivated by Su Shi. This is an unforgettable happy time for them, and it is also a great event in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. They "write a poem one at a time, and people are scrambling to talk about it. Paper is expensive." After staying in the pavilion for eight years, Zhang Lei had the opportunity to browse the National Library, and lived a life of "books piled on the pillow, compilation and self-reliance", and his literary knowledge was also improving day by day.
After Song Zhezong came to power, the new party took power and tried its best to retaliate against the old minister of Yuan You. With the relegation of Su Shi and others, Su Men's disciples were also implicated. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), he was appointed as Runzhou (now Zhenjiang) with Zhilong Tuge, and moved to Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng). In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), he was demoted to supervise the liquor tax in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) and later to supervise the liquor tax in Fuzhou (Song place name, now Tianmen, Hubei). In the second year of Fu Yuan (1099), Huangzhou was sentenced. When Song Huizong acceded to the throne, 47-year-old Zhang Lei was once known as Taichang Shao Qing, and was later adopted as Yanzhou and Yingzhou (now Fuyang), but the time was short. At that time, Su Shi moved to the mainland from Hainan, and Zhang Lei wrote poems to congratulate each other. "It was a sunny morning. The old man from Antarctica crossed the ridge. This Weng is like a white jade tree, gathered by thousands of fires. " Soon, the bad news came that Su Shi died on the way to Changzhou. Zhang Lei mourned a generation of writers and teachers in Yingzhou. Unexpectedly, he offended the first half. In the first year of Chongning (1 102), it was demoted to Zhoufang (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province) and set up in Huangzhou. This is the third time that he has been demoted in just six or seven years. He lived in Huangzhou for seven or eight years. As courtiers, you are not allowed to live in official residences and Buddhist temples, but only in Keshan. It is natural that the trees are withered and the chrysanthemum is full of eyes, but "the fish on the river are fertile and the water is spring, and the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful" also gives him a lot of comfort. In particular, at the foot of Keshan Mountain, Zhang Lei and Pan Dalin, a disciple of Su Shi, became close neighbors. They comforted each other, took care of each other and kept festivals. According to reports, Qu Ruwen, the county magistrate at that time, pitied his poor family and wanted to buy a piece of public land for him to grow beans, millet and vegetables to supplement his family. Zhang Lei refused to accept it. It was the sadness and joy here that made him unforgettable, so he named himself Keshan.
In the fourth year of worshipping Ning (1 105), Qin Guan's son was buried in Yangzhou from Tengzhou (now tengxian, Guangxi) at the expense of his father. When passing through Huangzhou, Zhang Lei paid homage to Linjiang. He wept bitterly for his friend's "escape to the sea and be a poor servant" Huang Tingjian died one after another before his tears dried. Baining for five years, banned all party orders, and had to be happy with it. This winter, he returned to his hometown Huai 'an from Huangzhou via Yingzhou and lived there for about a year. During the Daguan period, he moved to Chen Zhou, supervised Nanyue Temple and was in charge of Chongfu Palace. Because of his long idleness in his later years, he was poor and ill. "Send the child to Mr. You at the end of the year" said, "Meat is like a rhyme, and it is like a lawyer. Women are afraid of cold and worry about makeup, while men are embarrassed to mend clothes. I have been ill for three times, and I have resigned from poverty. The long bottle lies in the corner, and the short brown falls into the sky. Lay iron at night and drink fire and count beads in the morning. " It is conceivable that he had no food and clothing at that time and was ignorant in March.
Although the political environment was so bad and life was so poor, the poet did not give in to the decadent Cai Jing clique. Su Shi, who is conceited in learning Taoism, will stick to it all his life, even if he is beaten, he will not regret it, and is cited as the greatest interest in life. The poet persisted in this way. After Su Zhe and Chao died of loneliness and pain, they were buried in Huai 'an's hometown of "governing the north for seventy miles" according to the records of Shanyang County by Qianlong.
Lu You's Notes on the Old Xuegong records that the three sons, Qi, Cao and Harmony, are all first-class scholars. Qi and Cao died in the Chen army. He was an instructor in Shaanxi, and his second brother was buried again. Unfortunately, Qian Wen has no future. "