The first is discussion. Du Fu and Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty had already begun to do this. By the Song Dynasty, as the function and expressive power of poetry continued to expand, social conflicts continued to intensify. In addition, poets in the Song Dynasty were mostly associated with politicians and bureaucrats, so they "opened their mouths to capture current events." , discuss and argue about Huanghuang" (Ouyang Xiu's "Zhenyang Reading") - Using poetry as a weapon to discuss current ills and intervene in politics has become a historical necessity. The popularity of Zen Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty further aggravated this trend. Since Wang Anshi and Su Shi in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, most poets liked to talk about Zen. Therefore, it became a common practice at that time to use Zen to discuss poetry, use Zen to incorporate poetry, and use Zen principles in poetry. Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty stifled the aesthetic value of literature and normal human emotions, which played a huge destructive role in the development of poetry. As for the introduction of Neo-Confucian clichés into poetry creation, it also gave rise to a lot of stale discussions full of turban-like atmosphere, just like Liu Kezhuang commented in "Preface to Zhuxi Poetry" that this kind of poems "must all be rhymed with classical meanings and policy theory, and they are not poems." However, it cannot be denied that there are some good poems with rational interest and no rational barriers, such as Zhu Xi's "Impressions from Observing Books" says: "As soon as the half-acre square pond is opened, the skylight and cloud shadows are lingering. I ask how clear the canal is? Because there is a source of living water." "Composition" (Chen Yan's "Essence of Song Poems"). Therefore, Song people's preference for discussion in poetry should be analyzed comprehensively and dialectically. The second is talent learning. This is mainly reflected in the fact that he likes to cite widely and use many stories in his poems. This tendency had already appeared since Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and became more common in the Song Dynasty. From the Xikun School in the early Northern Song Dynasty to Su Shi in the middle Northern Song Dynasty, to Huang Tingjian and the Jiangxi Poetry School at the turn of the two Song Dynasties, there are obvious manifestations. Among them, the appropriate use can deepen the expressive power of poetry, while the excessive use is like "a tiger sacrificing a fish", and was ridiculed by later generations as "if you remove books, there will be no poetry" (Wang Euzhi's "Zhai Shihua"). Again, prose. Zhao Yi once said in "Oubei Poetry Talk": "With writing as poetry, I started in Bai Changli, and when I got to Dongpo, I started to express more and more nonsense, which was unique and became a great view of the generation." At that time, starting from Mei Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu and others, it had already There is this tendency. Generally speaking, it destroys the inherent characteristics of poetry and is not worthy of praise.
Collection of Po Immortals by Su Shi