49. Seven pieces of Mencius. Morality, benevolence and righteousness.
Explain that Mencius was written by Monk, which is divided into seven chapters. The content is also about moral cultivation, promoting moral kindness and other fine virtues.
50. The golden mean is Kong Ji. Impartiality is not easy.
The book The Doctrine of the Mean was interpreted by Kong Ji. The doctrine of the mean means impartiality, while the mediocrity means invariability.
5 1, as a university, is Ceng Zi. Self-cultivation.
It was Zeng Shen who explained the book "University". He put forward the idea of "cultivating self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world".
52, four books are familiar, filial piety. Such as the six classics, can only be read.
It shows that only after reading four books and understanding the truth of filial piety can we read such a profound book as the Six Classics.
53. Shi, Li Chunqiu. No.6 classic, when pressure.
The Book of Songs, The Book of Changes, The Book of Rites, The Spring and Autumn Annals and Yue Ji are six classics, which are important classics of ancient Confucianism in China and should be carefully studied.
54, there are mountains, there are hidden. There are details of Zhouyi and Sanyi.
It shows that Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi are three ancient books of China, which are collectively called "Three Changes", and "Three Changes" are books that explain the cyclic changes of the universe in the form of "hexagrams".
55. There are rules and instructions. There is an oath that this book is Austria.
The content of interpreting classics is divided into six parts: the first code is the basic principle of founding a country; Second, the plan of governing the country; Three training, that is, the attitude of the minister; Four letters patent, that is, the announcement of the monarch; Five vows, stand up and announce; Six lives, the order of the monarch.
56. I, Duke Zhou, pay a tribute. Write six officials to save the body.
It shows that the Duke of Zhou wrote Zhou Li, which recorded the official system of the Sixth Palace and the composition of the country at that time.
57, big and small, note the Book of Rites. Speak holy words, prepare ceremonies and music.
It shows that Dade and Dai Sheng compiled and annotated The Book of Rites, and described and expounded the works of sages, so that future generations can understand the laws and regulations and the situation of rites and music of the previous generation.
58, the national wind, elegant songs. The fourth poem should be satirized.
Commentary "National Style", "Elegant Style", "Xiaoya" and "Ode" are called four major poems, which are rich in content and profound in feelings, and are really worth reciting.
59. Poetry is dead, Spring and Autumn. Combine praise with criticism, not good and evil.
Later, due to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, The Book of Songs was left out in the cold, so Confucius wrote Spring and Autumn Annals, which implied the criticism of real politics and the debate on the good and evil behavior of various countries.
60. The third passer has a ram. And left and right.
Three Biographies of Shuowen Jiezi are Biography of Ram, Zuozhuan and Guliangchi by Zuo Qiuming, all of which are books of Shuowen Jiezi.
6 1, you can read the book after it is clear. Summarize its essentials and remember its events.
It means that you have read all the classics before reading. Sub-books are more complicated, so you must choose the more important ones to read and remember the cause and effect of everything.
62. Wuzi has Xunyang. Wen Zhongzi, and Lao Zhuang.
Explain that Wuzi refers to Xunzi, Yangzi, Wenzhong, Laozi and Zhuangzi. The books they write are called sub-books.
63. Jing Zitong, reading history. Test the pedigree and know the ending.
After explaining the classics and sub-books, it is necessary to study the lineage of each dynasty and generation and understand the reasons for its rise and fall, so as to learn from history.
64. From Xinong to Huangdi. No, it's Huang San, ranking first in the world.
According to the explanation, from Fu, Shennong to Huangdi, these three ancient emperors were diligent and loving the people, so they were very great, so later generations respectfully called them "Huang San".
65. Tang Youyu, the second emperor. It is a prosperous time of mutual admiration.
After explaining the Yellow Emperor, there were two emperors, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. Yao thought his son was corrupt and passed the throne to Shun, who had both ability and political integrity. Under the rule of the two emperors, the world was at peace and everyone praised him.
66, there is rain in summer, and there is still a hall. Zhou and Yu are also called the Three Kings.
It shows that the founding monarch of Xia Dynasty was Yu, Shang Dynasty was Tang, and Zhou Dynasty was King Wen. These kings with both ability and political integrity were called "Three Kings" by later generations.
67, Xia Chuanzi, home to the world. In 400, we moved to the lower society.
It shows that Yu passed the throne to his son, and since then the world has become a family. After more than 400 years, Xia was destroyed by soup, ending its rule.
68. Zhou Wuwang, at the beginning of Zhu Zhou. Eight hundred years, the longest.
It shows that Zhou Wuwang rose up, wiped out the Shang Dynasty, killed Zhou Wang, and established the Zhou Dynasty with the longest history, which lasted more than 800 years.
69. Zhou, He and all fell down. Fight, but lobby.
It shows that since Zhou Pingwang moved eastward to the capital, his control over the vassals has become weaker and weaker. Wars often broke out between vassal States, and lobbyists became popular.
70. It started in the Spring and Autumn Period and ended in the Warring States Period. Five tyrants are strong, and seven males are out.
Explain that the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two stages, one is the Spring and Autumn Period and the other is the Warring States Period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang were called the Five Powers. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period were Qi Chu, Han Yan and Zhao Weiqin.
7 1, take the Qin family and merge. Pass on two, Chu and Han contend.
It shows that at the end of the Warring States period, Qin became more and more powerful, wiped out all other vassal States and established a unified Qin Dynasty. When the Qin Dynasty spread to Hu Hai II, chaos began again. Finally, the situation of Chu and Han contended with each other was formed.
72. Gao Zuxing, Han. For filial piety, Wang Mang usurped the throne.
It shows that Emperor Gaozu defeated Xiang Yu and established the Han Dynasty. The throne of the Han dynasty has been handed down for more than 200 years. Emperor Xiaoping arrived and was usurped by Wang Mang.
73. Emperor Guangwu was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Finally, 400 years.
Explain Wang Mang's usurpation of power. Changing the country's name to a new country's name, the world is in chaos. Liu Xiu overthrew the new emperor and restored the country name to Han, who was known as Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. In 400 years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Xian died.
In' 74, Wei Shuwu fought for Ding Han. The Three Kingdoms, all the way to the Jin Dynasty.
It shows that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Shu and Wu fought for the world, forming a situation in which the three countries fought for each other. Later, Wei destroyed Shu and Wu, and Sima Yan usurped the throne to establish the Jin Dynasty, which was divided into two periods: the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty.
75. Song Qiji and Liang. For the Southern Dynasties, Jinling was the capital.
It shows that the Jin dynasty royal family declined soon after moving south, followed by the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties, including Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, were all built in Jinling.
76. Northern Wei Yuan, separatist things. Yu Wenzhou, Qi.
Explain that the Northern Dynasties refer to the Yuan and Wei Dynasties. Wei Yuan was later divided into the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty. The Western Wei Dynasty was usurped by Yu Wenjue and the Northern Zhou Dynasty was established. The Eastern Wei Dynasty was usurped by Gao Yang and the Northern Qi Dynasty was established.
77. From Yan to Sui, it is a land. No more communication, no unified thinking.
It shows that Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty unified China and established the Sui Dynasty, known as Emperor Wendi in history. After his son, Yang Di Yang Guang, ascended the throne, he was dissolute and the Sui Dynasty soon perished.
78, Tang Gaozu, uprising division. Apart from the rebellion in the Sui Dynasty, the foundation of the country.
It shows that Tang Gaozu Li Yuan rose up against the Sui Dynasty and eventually the Sui Dynasty perished. Defeat various anti-Sui rebel armies, win the world and establish the Tang Dynasty.
79, 20, 300 years. When the beam goes out, the country changes.
It shows that the rule of the Tang Dynasty lasted for nearly 300 years and spread to 20 emperors. When Emperor Zhao Xuandi of the Tang Dynasty was usurped by Zhu Quanzhong, the Liang Dynasty was established and the Tang Dynasty perished. In order to distinguish it from the beams in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called back beam in history.
80. Liang and Han and Zhou Dynasties. It's called five generations for a reason.
Explain the replacement period of Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty and Later Friday, which are called the Five Dynasties in history. There are certain reasons for the replacement of these five generations.
8 1, Yan, Zhou Chan. Eighteen passes, mixed north and south.
It shows that Zhao Kuangyin accepted the abdication of the Zhou Dynasty and established the Song Dynasty. After the 18th Emperor was handed down in the Song Dynasty, the northern minorities invaded south on a large scale, leading to a scuffle between the north and the south.
82. Liao and Jin are emperors. Yuan destroyed Jin and Song died.
It shows that Liao people, Jin people and northern Mongols all established countries and called themselves emperors. Finally, the Mongols destroyed the Jin and Song Dynasties, established the Yuan Dynasty and unified China.
83, the map is wide, one generation ahead. In 90, the country was abolished.
It shows that Yuan Zhen has a vast territory and ruled more territory than any previous dynasty. However, it lasted only 90 years and was overthrown by the peasant uprising.
84. Mao Zuxing, Guo Daming. Hongwu, the capital of Jinling.
It shows that Zhu Yuanzhang's uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty finally overthrew the rule of Yuan Dynasty, unified the whole country and established Daming. He became emperor himself, with Hongwu as his capital in Jinling.
Cheng Ba moved to Yanjing. Sixteen, to Chongzhen.
Explain that after Ming Chengzu ascended the throne, he moved the capital from Jinling to Yanjing in the north. Sixteen emperors were handed down in the Ming Dynasty until Emperor Chongzhen and the Ming Dynasty perished.
86. The arrogance of power is like a forest. When Li Chong went out, the artifact burned.
It shows that in the late Ming Dynasty, eunuchs were autocratic, the world was in chaos, and the people rebelled in succession. The rebel army headed by Zhuang Wang Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, forcing Emperor Chongzhen to commit suicide, and the Ming Dynasty finally perished.
87. Qing Shizu, Wang Jingming. Jing Sifang, Ke Dading.
After the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan, the emperor shunzhi, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, ascended the throne in Beijing, quelling the chaos in various places and letting the people live a stable life again.
88. Li Ganjia from Kang Yong. The people live and work in peace and contentment with remarkable achievements.
Explain that after the emperor shunzhi, there were four emperors: Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing. During this period, the world was peaceful, people's lives were relatively stable and the country was relatively strong.
89. Dao County is chaotic. At the beginning of Britain and France, the commotion was contemptible.
It shows that during the Daoguang and Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty, an accident occurred and the British army went to war. Britain and France joined forces to attack Beijing on the grounds of the Yarrow incident and the murder of the French priest.
90. After the same light, Xuantong became weak. Pass on the nine emperors, and the Qing Dynasty will die.
After the Tongzhi and Guangxu emperors were confessed, the national situation in the Qing Dynasty was in ruins. When the ninth Xuantong Emperor arrived, he was overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen.
9 1, the revolution flourished and the monarchy was abolished. Establish the Constitution and the Republic of China.
It shows that the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Qing government, abolished the imperial system, formulated the constitution, established the government of the Republic of China, and Sun Yat-sen served as interim president.
92. Ancient and modern history is here. You know the rise and fall of chaos.
Explain that the above description is the ancient and modern history from the three emperors and five emperors to the establishment of the Republic of China. Through the study of history, we can understand the ups and downs of chaos in various dynasties and learn a lot of useful things.
93. Although the history is complicated, I have read it twice. Historical records 1, hanshu 2.
Although China and the history books are complicated, they should be read in order: Historical Records first, then Hanshu.
94. History of the Later Han Dynasty III, National Records IV. Syndrome and meridian refer to mirror.
Explain the third reading of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the fourth reading of the History of the Three Kingdoms. At the same time, we should refer to the classics and take history as a mirror, so as to better understand the rise and fall of historical chaos.
95. Read history and test records. Through the past and the present, if you are close to your eyes.
Explain that people who read history should go further, read historical materials, and understand the ins and outs of things through the ages, just as they have seen them with their own eyes.
96, duplicity, heart is only. In the future, at night.
It shows that we should have perseverance when studying and think hard when reading. Only by putting your mind into your study early and returning late can you really learn well.
In 1997, Zhong Ni, Xiang Tuo yesterday. Ancient sages were diligent in learning.
It shows that Confucius was a very studious person in the past. At that time, there was a prodigy named Lu, from whom Confucius had learned. Great sages like Confucius have never forgotten to study hard, let alone ordinary people like us.
98. Zhao, read Lu Lun. He is an official and diligent in his studies.
It shows that in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Zhongling-Zhao Pu, an official, had completed the task of writing Chinese books, and kept reading The Analects every day, not forgetting to study hard, because he had become a big official.
99. Weave with cattail and cut bamboo slips. He has no books and knows how to encourage.
Explain that in the Western Han Dynasty, Lu Wenshu copied the words on Pucao to read. Gong Sun Hong carved the Spring and Autumn Period on the bamboo piece. Both of them are poor and can't afford books, but they don't forget to study hard.
100, head suspension beam, awl thorn strand. Nobody urged them to go on working.
It shows that Sun Jing tied his hair to the roof beam when he was studying in Jin Dynasty to avoid dozing off. During the Warring States Period, when Su Qin was tired, he stabbed his thigh with an awl. They study diligently and consciously, without being urged by others.
10 1, such as fireflies, such as snow. Although the family is poor, they never stop studying.
Explain that Che Yin of A Jin dynasty put fireflies in gauze bags as lighting for reading. Sun Kang uses the reflection of snow to read. Both of them are poor, but they can continue their studies under difficult conditions.
102, such as negative salary, such as hanging angle. Although tired, the body is still bitter.
It shows that Zhu Maichen in Han Dynasty made a living by chopping wood, and read books while picking firewood every day. In the Sui Dynasty, Shi Mi herded cattle and hung books on the corner, so that he had time to study. They insisted on reading in a hard environment.
Sue, 27 years old. Read books on fire.
Su Xun, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, was named Lao Quan. When he was a child, he didn't want to study. At the age of 27, he began to make up his mind to study hard and later became a great scholar.
104, he is old, but he still regrets it. You should think about it earlier, young man.
It shows that Sue regrets that she didn't study hard when she was old, but when she was young, we should seize the good time to study hard so as not to regret it in the future.
105, Ruolianghao, 82. Yes, big court, Quidditch.
It shows that there was a Hao in the Song Dynasty who won the first prize at the age of 82. He answered the questions raised by the emperor in the golden palace, and all the people who took the exam were inferior to him.
106, the results are different. You must have determination when you are young.
It shows that Liang Hao can still succeed at such a big age, and we can't help but marvel at and admire his tireless study. While young, we should make up our minds and work hard, and we will have a bright future.
107, Ying is eight years old and can recite poems. I am seven years old and can play chess.
It shows that there was a man named Zuying in Beiqi who could recite poems at the age of eight and later became a secretary and supervisor. In addition, there was a man named Li Bi in the Tang Dynasty. At the age of seven, he was able to write poems about playing chess.
108, Pi Wuying is amazing. Be effective when you are young.
It shows that their intelligence was appreciated and amazed by people at that time. Now we are just the beginning of learning. We should follow their example and study hard.
109, Cai Wenji, can play the piano. Xie Daowen can sing hymns.
It shows that there were many outstanding female talents in ancient times. Just like Cai Wenji at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, she could tell the quality of the piano, while Xie Daowen, a talented woman in the Jin Dynasty, could export it into poetry.
1 10, that woman, and smart. Dude, be a COP.
Explain that two girls like this, one knows music and the other knows poetry, are so talented; As a man, we should always be vigilant and enrich ourselves.
1 1 1, Tang, Fang is seven years old. Raise prodigies and do orthography.
When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty explained, a child named Ada, who was only seven years old, was chosen as a child prodigy and became an official in charge of publishing and correcting Chinese characters.
1 12. Although he is young, he is an official. If there is a promising person, so is it.
Although Ada is so young, he has become an official, shouldering the heavy responsibility entrusted to him by the state. If he wants to be a useful person, if he is diligent and studious, he can be as famous as Ada.
1 13, dog vigil, chicken morning. Be a man if you don't learn.
It means that dogs will watch the house at night and chickens will dawn every morning. How can people be called people if they can't study hard and live in a daze?
1 14, silkworms spin silk and bees make honey. People who don't learn are inferior to things.
It shows that silkworms spin silk to make clothes for us, and bees can brew honey for people to eat. If people don't know how to learn and realize their value with their own knowledge and skills, they are really inferior to small animals.
1 15, learn while you are young and start with energy. To the king, to the people.
Explain that you should study hard from an early age and constantly enrich yourself. When you grow up, you can apply what you have learned, serve the country and benefit the people.
1 16, get ahead and show your parents. The light is ahead and the margin is behind.
Explain that you have made due contributions to the people, and the people will praise you, and your parents will be honored by you, adding luster to your ancestors and leaving a good example for the next generation.
The posthumous son Jin Man won. My godson, the only way.
It means that some people leave gold and silver money to their descendants, but I don't. I only hope that they can study hard and study hard, and they will succeed when they grow up.
1 18, diligent and meritorious, drama useless. If you quit, you have to fight.
The explanation has repeatedly talked about a lot of truth, but only told the children that anyone who is diligent and enterprising will have good results, and he must regret that he just wasted his good time by playing. For more classics of Chinese studies, please pay attention to the related articles in (). ;