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A difficult childhood
In the third year of Dali (768), Han Yu was born. His grandparents are both North Korean or local officials, and his father Han Zhongqing is Lang's secretary. Han Zhongqing died when Han Yu was three years old. He was brought up by his brother Han Hui.
In the 12th year of Dali (777), Han Hui was demoted to Shaozhou because of Yuan Zai's involvement, and died in Shaozhou shortly after taking office. After Han Hui's early death, Han Yu first returned to Heyang to bury his younger brother with his widowed sister-in-law, but he couldn't stay long, so he had to live with his widowed sister-in-law in Xuanzhou, south of the Yangtze River. Han Yu spent this period in hardship and wandering. Han Yu thinks he is an orphan. He has studied hard since he was a child and does not need praise and encouragement from others.
The road of imperial examination
In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), Han Yu left Xuancheng and went to Chang 'an alone. At the same time, Han Yu went to He Zhongfu (Zhou Pu, now Yongji, Shaanxi Province) to find Han Mao, a clan brother, to get the recommendation of Hunhun, our special envoy in the river, but there was no result.
In the autumn of the third year of Zhenyuan (787), Han Yu went to Chang 'an after obtaining the qualification of rural tribute. That year, Han Yu landed in Chang 'an, and his life had nothing to rely on. Then came the bad news that his brother Han Yao had died. At about the end of this year, Han Yu was able to meet Ma Su, King of Beiping, by chance. During this time, Han Yu got help from Ma Sui, and later he wrote Cats Looking at each other to show his virtue.
From the third year of Zhenyuan to the fifth year of Zhenyuan (787-789), Han Yu took three imperial examinations and failed. In the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), Han Yu returned to Xuancheng.
In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), Han Yu took the Jinshi exam for the fourth time and finally won the Jinshi. The following year, I took the official department's erudite macro-word exam and failed. In the same year, Han Yu's wife, Mrs. Zheng, died, and he mourned for five months.
In the tenth year of Zhenyuan (794), he went to Chang 'an again to take the exam of erudite macro words and failed again.
In the 11th year of Zhenyuan (795), she took the exam for the third time and still failed. During this period, I wrote three letters to the Prime Minister, but I didn't get a reply. In the same year, he left Chang 'an and returned to Heyang County via Tongguan, so he went to Luoyang, the eastern capital.
Two went into the shogunate.
In July of the 12th year of Zhenyuan (796), Han Yu was recommended by Dong Jin, the secretariat of Xuanwu, and was appointed as the secretariat of Xuanwu. During the three years of observing and promoting officials, Han Yu took every opportunity to publicize his innovative ideas of prose, and at the same time guided Li Ao, Zhang Ji and other young people to study literature.
In February of the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799), Dong Jin died, and Han Yu left the country with Dong Jin's coffin. Just four days after Han Yu left, Xuanwu Army mutinied, Lu Changyuan, who stayed behind, was killed and the army was in chaos. Han Yu saved the day by leaving first. Han Yu went to Luoyang with Dong Jin's coffin and arrived in Xuzhou at the end of February. In the autumn of the same year, Han Yu was hired by Chinese Ambassadors Xu Sihao and Zhang Jianfeng as our ambassador to help France. In the same winter, Zhang Jianfeng sent Han Yu to Chang 'an, Zheng Chao. Han Yu speaks frankly, never fears or evades anything, and is firm and pure, but he is not good at dealing with general affairs.
In the spring of the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), Han Yu returned to Xuzhou and left Xuzhou to Luoyang in the summer. In the winter of the same year, Han Yu went to Chang 'an for the fourth time.
Often exiled
In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (80 1), he elected civil servants. In the following spring, Han Yu was appointed as a doctor of imperial academy No.4 University. He once asked for leave to visit Huashan in Luoyang.
In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Han Yu was promoted to suggestion. There was a drought in Guanzhong area at that time. After visiting Han Yu, he found that the victims were displaced and begging everywhere, and Guanzhong was hungry and cold everywhere. Seeing this serious disaster, Han Yu was deeply saddened. At that time, Zhao Yin of Beijing and Shi Li, who was in charge of Beijing, blocked the news and lied that there was a bumper grain harvest in Guanzhong and people lived and worked in peace and contentment. In his rage, Han Yu ignored On Drought and Flood, but was slandered by Shi Li and others. In December of the same year, it was demoted to Yangshan County Order of Lianzhou.
In the spring of the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), Han Yu arrived in Yangshan County to take office.
In the spring of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Han Yu was pardoned and left Yangshan County between summer and autumn. In August, he was awarded Jiangling Facao to join the army.
In June of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Han Yufeng recalled Chang 'an and officially authorized the doctor to run the country. In the third year of Yuanhe (808), Han Yu officially became Dr. Guo Zi.
On June 10, the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), he was awarded the title of Foreign Minister, Jingshi and Taimiao.
In the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), he was awarded the Henan County Order. At that time, Wei, Yun, You and Zhen each set up left-behind posts, secretly raising troops and harboring fugitives with ulterior motives. Han Yu wanted to expose their illegal behavior, so he deployed officials in advance to cut off contact with the people and announced it at dawn. The left-behind officials were so scared that they had to stop.
In the sixth year of Yuanhe (8 1 1), he served as a staff officer of Shangshu and returned to Chang 'an.
In February of the 7th year of Yuanhe (8 12), he was appointed as Dr. Guo Zi.
In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), Han Yu thought he was knowledgeable, but he was repeatedly criticized, so he wrote Xuejie from a metaphor. After reading it, the Prime Minister sympathized with Han Yu, thinking that he had historical talent, so he asked Han Yu to write a book for Bibi Langzhong and the History Museum, and was ordered to write a record of Shunzong.
In the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), in October, Han Yu was appointed as a doctor of Kao Gong and still served as a historian. In December of the same year, he was appointed as an imperial edict.
In the first month of the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15), he was promoted to the position of the Sheren of Zhongshu, and was later given a flying fish bag. Before long, people who hated Han Yu said that when Han Yu was Cao Cao in Jiangling, Pei Jun, our envoy in Jingnan at that time, gave him generous accommodation. Pei Jun's son, Pei Hua, is a mediocre and humble man. When Pei Hua visited his father, Han Yu still called him Pei Hua in the preface of his farewell article. This statement caused great repercussions among officials in the DPRK and China, and Han Yu was renamed the right illegitimate child of the prince.
Sui Zheng Huai Xi
In August of the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), Pei Du, the prime minister, appointed Han Yu as the marching Sima and gave him a purple suit and a goldfish bag. Han Yu once suggested that Pei Du send thousands of elite soldiers into Cai Zhou from the path, and Wu Yuanji was captured. Pei Du didn't make it, and Li Su had marched from Wencheng (now Tanghe, Henan Province) to Cai Zhou on a snowy night, so Wu Yuanji was captured alive. Military strategists of the three armed forces all felt sorry for Han Yu. Han Yu also said to Pei Du: "Now that there is a momentum to pacify Huaixi, Wang Chengzong of Zhou Zhen can convince him with words without using troops." He found Cypress. When the letter was dictated to Chengde, the ambassador Wang Chengzong asked Bo Jian to write it down, and then went to town with the letter to tell Wang Chengzong. Wang Chengzong was photographed, so he went to Germany and Germany to show his obedience to the court.
In the same year1February, after the decision of Huai xiping, Han Yu returned to Korea with Pei Du and was appointed as assistant minister of punishments for his work. Xianzong ordered him to write Pinghuai Xibei, which described Pei Du's deeds in detail. At that time, Li Su took the lead in entering Cai Zhou, but Wu Yuanji was captured alive and made the greatest contribution. He is very wronged by what Han Yu wrote. When Li Su's wife entered the palace, it was forbidden to tell people that the inscription on the tablet was not true. Xianzong ordered the inscription written by Han Yu to be worn away, and ordered Duan Wenchang, a bachelor of Hanlin, to rewrite the stone carving as a monument.
In April of the 13th year of Yuanhe (8 18), Zheng Yuqing, the left servant of Shangshu, was appointed as a detailed envoy because of his knowledge of statutes, and revised the imperial system and the five rites of good and bad luck. Han Yu was cited as an assistant minister to participate in the revision work.
Encourage Buddhist bones
In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), the envoys of Xianzong went to Fengxiang to meet the Buddha's bones, and Chang 'an set off a Buddhist frenzy. Regardless of his personal safety, Han Yu resolutely went to the "Buddha bone table" to protest strongly. He thinks it is absurd to worship Buddha bones, and demands that they be burned so that the whole world will not be misled by them. After the performance, Xian Zong was furious and wanted to execute Han Yu by capital punishment. Pei Du, Cui Qun and others tried to persuade him, but Xianzong was still very angry. At that time, people were shocked and lamented. Even the royal family thought that Han Yu was too guilty. In order to intercede for him, Xianzong demoted him to Chaozhou secretariat.
When Han Yu arrived in Chaoyang, he defended himself. Xian zong said to the prime minister, "I received a report from Han Yu from Chaozhou yesterday, so I remembered his admonition to welcome the Buddha's bones." He loves me very much. I don't know? " However, as a human minister, Han Yu should not say that people are in place to serve the Buddha and preach short life. I hate his recklessness. "Xian zong again remind of using Han Yu, just talk about it first and observe the attitude of the prime minister. However, Huang Huangfu, who was also an official in Pingzhang, hated Han Yu for his outspoken remarks and was afraid that he would be used again. He replied first: "Han Yu is too wild and careless after all, so he can consider temporarily transferring to another county. "Coincided with the Amnesty, Xianzong moved Han Yu to Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi) in October of the same year.
In the spring of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), Han Yu arrived in Yuanzhou. According to the custom of Yuanzhou, the civilian daughter is mortgaged to others as a handmaiden, and the payer is not a domestic slave if it is not redeemed beyond the agreed time limit. After Han Yu arrived, he tried to redeem those men and women who were not slaves and let them return to their parents. So this custom is forbidden, and buyers are not allowed to be slaves.
In September this year, Han Yu went to offer wine to Ren and returned to Chang 'an in winter.
Embassies in towns and States
In July of the first year of Changqing (82 1), Han Yu was transferred to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. At that time, Zhenzhou (now Zhengding, Hebei Province) mutinied and killed the new Chengde jiedushi field. As we all know, the soldiers and horses gathered Wang Ting, claiming to stay and ask the court for a festival.
In February of the second year of Changqing (822), the court pardoned Wang Ting and Chengde soldiers, and ordered Han Yu to be a comfort messenger.
When Han Yu was leaving, all the officials were worried about his safety. Yuan Zhen said, "It's a pity for Han Yu." Tang Muzong also regretted it, and ordered Han Yu to observe the changes of the situation after arriving at the German border, and not to rush into the country to prevent accidents. Han Yu said: "The emperor ordered me to suspend entry out of kindness and concern for my personal safety; However, as a courtier, I have an obligation to carry out your orders and am not afraid of death. " So I decided to go alone.
After arriving in Zhou Zhen, Wang Ting drew his sword and drew his bow to meet Han Yu. After Han Yu arrived at the guest room, the soldiers still surrounded the courtyard with weapons in their hands. Wang Ting leaned in and said to Han Yu, "These soldiers did it, not my intention." Han Yu said sternly, "The emperor thinks you have the ability to be a general, so he appointed you as our ambassador, but I didn't expect you to command these soldiers!" "
A foot soldier came forward with a weapon in his hand and said, "The late Lord (referring to the king) fought back for his country, and the bloody clothes are still there. Where did our army fail the imperial court, so that it was conquered as a traitor! " Han Yu said, "It's good that you can remember the first teacher. He rebelled at first, and later joined the imperial court, increasing his rank and title. So, is it far from being rebellious and getting rich? " From the Anshi Rebellion and Shi Siming to Wu Yuanji and Li Shidao, some of their descendants survived to be officials? Everyone replied, "No."
Han Yu added: "Tian was raised to submit to the court. Although his descendants are still children, they are all sealed as senior officials; Wang Chengyuan surrendered to the imperial court and was appointed as our envoy before he reached adulthood. Liu Wu and Li You rebelled with Li Shidao and Wu Yuanji at first, and then surrendered to the imperial court. Now, they are all our time. You have all heard about these situations! " Everyone replied, "Tian is despicable, so our army is uneasy."
Han Yu said, "But what reason do you people have to kill Tian Gong and destroy his home?" Everyone calls it good. Wang Ting was afraid that the soldiers' morale would be shaken and ordered them to go out. Then he said to Han Yu, "What do you want from * *?" Han Yu said: "There are not a few generals in the Sixth Army who have been inspired by God, such as Niu, but the imperial court attaches great importance to the overall situation and cannot abandon him. Why don't you let him go out of the city around China? " Wang Ting chimed in: "I'll let him out of town right away." And then have dinner with Han Yu, just the cow Yuan Yi escaped and collapsed, and Wang Ting stopped chasing.
Old age life
In September of the second year of Changqing (822), Han Yu was transferred to the official department as assistant minister. In June of the following year, he was promoted to Jing and an ancient scholar. After hearing the news, the officers and men of the Shence Army did not dare to break the law. They said to each other privately, "He even dared to burn Buddha bones. How dare we break the law!"
Shortly after Han Yu took office, he was impeached by suggestion and Li Shen because he didn't visit the eunuch. Han Yu refused, saying that the move was approved by Mu Zong. You two come and go, arguing. Prime Minister Li took the opportunity to say that the relationship between the two was not harmonious, so the court appointed him as an observer in western Zhejiang, and Han Yu was also changed to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Soon after, Mu Zong learned the reason, so he appointed Han Yu as the assistant minister of the official department.
Died at home due to illness
In August of the 4th year of Changqing (824), Han Yu took a leave of absence due to illness. In the same year (65438+February 25th)1February 2nd, Han Yu died at the age of 57 in Jing 'anli, Chang 'an. Won the history of the Ministry of Rites, posthumous title. In March of the following year, he was buried in Heyang.
In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Han Yu, posthumous title, Song Shenzong, became Changlibo and was allowed to worship the Confucius Temple. ▲
Useful (357) useless (66)