The style of epic and the poet's psychology
Mentally, I was pregnant with someone else and hurt myself.
Generally speaking, the reason why the poet misses the ancients, sympathizes with others and hurts himself is because the life experience and fate of the ancients are similar to those of the author. The trigger point lies in the ancients and the foothold lies in himself.
Specifically from the psychological point of view, it can be divided into two types.
1. Contrastive lost type: Some nostalgic poems focus on the change of personal circumstances and express their feelings through ancient events. The ancients were able to display their ambitions, make contributions and achieve their wishes, but for some reason they were left out in the cold by the imperial court (units and leaders) or could not make the best use of them, thus they were unhappy and even passive recluse.
When we read this kind of poetry or creation, we mainly grasp the connection point between historical figures or events and the poet's own life experience, and find out the similarities between them, so as to understand and master the profound meaning of the works well.
For example, Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia.
The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.
I think Zhou Yu made great contributions to "forcing Lu to vanish" when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time, which can be described as a young man's success and charm. Su Shi, however, was sent to Huangzhou in vain when he got frosted in his middle-aged temples, and was "born early". Compared with Zhou Yu, it is simply different. In contrast, Sue has a strong feeling of "life is like a dream", but this helplessness of life can only be intoxicated in the cool breeze and bright moon.
2. I am in the same boat: I have the same experience as the ancients. Remembering the ancients reflects my dissatisfaction, feels my life experience, takes care of myself, and expresses my sadness that I am eager to make contributions or do not meet my talents.
For example, Li Shangyin's Jia Sheng (nostalgia hurts oneself).
The propaganda room invited the sages to meet the ministers, and Jia was even more incoherent.
Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods.
It is written that Emperor Gaozu Xuan Shi summoned Jia Yi to talk about ghosts and gods, not the strategy of governing the country. He actually used Jia Yi to write his own experience, expressing and strengthening the poet's incompetence.
Psychological second nostalgia and its harm to the present
The mainstream of ancient poets was poor scholars, and the thought of saving the world and the people made them pay more attention to the national politics and social life. Poets often express their concern, enthusiasm, dissatisfaction and vigilance about reality by writing historical sites and historical events. Nostalgia, although the contact point is ancient, actually shows a strong concern for reality. When the reality is not ideal, it naturally becomes the biggest reason for poets to miss the past.
According to the present situation of historical sites or things, they can also be divided into two categories:
1, the prosperity of the past is declining now: since it is nostalgia for history, the disappointment of reality will inevitably make the poet move, express his ups and downs and express his feelings about the past alone. Expressing the sadness that things have changed, things have changed. This kind of poetry expresses the feelings of prosperity in the past and the decline of modern people, and implies dissatisfaction and even criticism of reality, borrowing from the past to satirize the present; Or worry about the country and the people, expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers, sympathize with the sufferings of the lower classes, and worry about the future and destiny of the country and the nation.
For example, as the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, Jinling, which was once prosperous for a while, has now become a gathering place for ancient poets' feelings. I don't know how many people miss it. Jinling's nostalgia for the past has almost become a special topic of poetry. The prosperity of the past has been in blowing in the wind, leaving only a desolate place, which makes people feel that things are wrong and things are wrong.
For example, Li Bai's "Nanjing Dengfengtai".
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned.
Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two.
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
Through the description of ancient and modern comparison, the whole poem expresses the deep affection that the emperor was surrounded by evil spirits and was driven out of Chang 'an, unable to serve the country. The word "Deng" in the poem "See Chang 'an" is full of allegory and aftertaste. This poem rhymes naturally. The language is fluent and natural, unadorned, chic and beautiful. As a masterpiece, Shi Li has its own characteristics. He wrote his own unique feelings, interwoven with historical allusions, immediate scenery and the poet's own feelings, and expressed his concern for the country and the people, with far-reaching implications.
2. Things have changed: the scenery in the past remains the same, but Zhu Yan has changed. Things are people, giving people a fantastic feeling and making people think calmly.
Such as: Liu Yuxi's Stone Town
The mountains are still the same, surrounded by abandoned ancient capitals, and the tide is beating against the lonely empty city as in the past.
On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace.
The whole poem describes the scenery. The mountain is still there, the tide is still there and the moonlight is still there. What has changed is "old country", "empty city" and "old moon" The prosperity of the past is gone, and the tone of the whole poem is bleak. Every sentence is mixed with the poet's sense of oppression of the old country, which makes people sad.
Psychological tri-rationality is reflected in the first two kinds of poems, in which the authors all express their feelings; In this way, the author jumped out and stood at the height of history, expressing his unique views on historical facts and enlightening the world. Most of these poems are the author's own real life feelings and unique life experiences while recalling the past and praising history, with a strong personal consciousness.
1. Borrowing the ancient to satirize the present, there is no other demand: borrowing the ancient to satirize the present, and exhorting today people not to blindly pursue pleasure/excessive luxury/belligerence, so as not to repeat the historical mistakes.
Such as: Wang Anshi's homesick poem "Guizhixiang"
This is the late autumn in the ancient country, and the weather is very early. Thousands of miles are like a river, like clusters of Qingfeng. Sailing towards the sunset, leaning against the west wind and leaning against the wine flag. The colorful boat is cloudy, and the Milky Way heron rises, which is difficult to draw.
Miss the past, compete for prosperity, sigh outside the door, and feel sad and hateful. Throughout the ages, depending on the level, share weal and woe. The past of the Six Dynasties flows with the water, cold smoke and green grass. Today, business women still sing from time to time, leaving a legacy in the backyard.
The first part begins with the word "wrong-headed", which shows the scenery in Late Autumn in My Country at different levels. In the following film, the phrase "reminiscing about the past and striving for strength" turns to nostalgia, lamenting that the Six Dynasties all fell one after another because of lack of happiness, and the last three sentences fall to "today", which means warning the world to hurt the times. In fact, it is a warning from history that the rulers of today's dynasties should not blindly covet enjoyment and repeat the mistakes of history.
2. Rational analysis and calm analysis of history: express your unique views on historical facts and enlighten the world.
Such as: Red Cliff by Du Mu in Tang Dynasty.
A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing.
If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.
This poem changes the perspective and satirizes Zhou Yu's success. The first two sentences of the poem use things to inspire people and lament the deeds of the previous dynasty. The last two sentences say: Battle of Red Cliffs and Zhou Yu attacked by fire. Without the east wind, Wu Dong would have been destroyed, Er Qiao would have been captured, and history would have changed. The conception of the poem is extremely exquisite, and the discussion is novel and unique, not published by people. Contrary to the consensus argument, it is not unreasonable and refreshing.
Through the above analysis, it is not difficult for us to see and summarize the basic ideas and structure of nostalgia for ancient poetry: approaching the ancient place-thinking about the ancient-recalling its events-expressing one's own aspirations. The four links, or four components, are clear and coherent. This is exactly what we want to copy and learn.
In the next section, we analyze the common images and artistic conception in epic poems.
(This article refers to some documents)