How can I get more points for poetry appreciation? Great gods, help!

General requirements of problem-solving skills 1. First of all, we should read the titles of poems clearly. Some titles show or imply the contents of poems or the main thoughts and feelings of poets. Depending on who the author is, the familiar can be understood through his other poems. Some precautions can't be ignored. Second, study poetry, perceive it as a whole, and try to figure out the poet's feelings through images and artistic conception. Whether the question is asked or not, this thinking step is essential. Because it is the premise and entrance to answer other appreciation questions. If it is a familiar poet's work, we should know others and explore the world: through the poet's life and poetic style, we can compare the ideological content, artistic characteristics and social life reflected in the poet's work. Third, review the questions, find out the requirements, carefully subdivide the appreciation points, and answer any questions. Grasp the answer angle and get to the point. When answering, go straight to the topic of the appreciation center, be sure to stick to the poem and appropriately extract the words in the poem to answer, which will be both concise and substantial. Problem solving skills answer format type 1. Opinions first, reasons later. When solving a problem, first show your point of view and then state your reasons. 2. Divide first and then summarize. When answering questions, divide them first and then summarize them. 3. Divide first and then divide. When answering a question, always say it first and then divide it. 4. Answer point by point. When answering questions, divide them into several points and list the answers. First, the expression skills of poetry 1, rhetorical methods: metaphor, personification, questioning, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, setting off, allusions, cultural application, intertextuality, repetition, etc. 2. Performance: narration, discussion, description and lyricism. Lyricism: It can be divided into direct lyricism and indirect lyricism (lyricism by borrowing scenery, lyricism by holding things; Scene fusion). Description: It can be divided into static and dynamic combination, virtual and real combination, point-surface combination, light-dark combination, frontal combination, rough outline brush and meticulous painting. Le Jing wrote about mourning, mourning for Syaraku and so on. 3. Expression techniques: Fu, Bi and Xing; Suppress change, describe carefully, symbolize association, set off, contrast, imagine, associate, care and express ambition. 4. Chapter structure: cut to the chase, get into the theme, express your ambitions, bond feelings with scenery, get a proper total score, see the big from the small, go deep into layers, take care of the transition and pave the way. 5. Thoughts and feelings include: infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, indifference, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and the people. 6. Function: deepening artistic conception and theme, with profound artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, profound meaning, thought-provoking and far-reaching influence. Second, the performance procedure of poetry appreciation This poem uses the technique of (performance, rhetoric, performance), writes the characteristics of (image), shows (highlights) (thoughts and feelings), and plays a (certain) role. Iii. explanation of key concepts 1. Contrast is a technique of Chinese painting, which uses ink or color to render and set off the outline of objects, making them stand out obviously. Used in artistic creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that the things to be expressed stand out. It can be a foil, such as Qin Luofu, which sets off the beauty of Qin Luofu by the reactions of Walker and Teenager. It can also be used as a foil, such as "cicadas make Lin Jing more secluded", "monks knock on the door of the moon" and "birds are surprised when the moon comes out" to make noise. More things are used to compare people. For example, the moon in the river was written three times in Pipa, which set off the wonderful and charming timbre of Pipa and the sad, lonely and sad mood of the characters respectively. Another example is the image of "thousands of feet Deep Peach Blossom Pond", which clearly sets off Wang Lun's strong feelings for the poet. 2. Use allusions, that is, quote historical facts and use allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only make the language of poetry concise, but also increase the richness of content, vividness and implication of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works. For example, Xin Qiji successfully used five allusions: Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Beaver and Lian Po in "Ode to Yule, Jingkou, Gubei Pavilion". These allusions are historical anecdotes of Jingkou, and the poet expresses his thoughts and feelings implicitly and naturally with the help of these historical facts. In addition, borrowing poems and songs from predecessors is also an allusion. For example, almost every sentence in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting uses allusions, which enhances the cultural connotation of the article; In Yangzhou Slow, Jiang Kui used Du Mu's poems either explicitly or implicitly, forming a contrast between reality and reality, and expressing the desolation that things are different and different. 3. Virtual reality is a concept commonly used by ancient people when discussing articles. Virtual and real are relative, some are real, and none is virtual; Objective is true, subjective is virtual; Concrete is real, abstract is virtual; The present is real and the imagination is empty ... Poetry often uses this technique to expand the artistic conception of poetry. For example, in Liu Yong's Yulin Order, it is true to say goodbye in front of you, but it is illusory to imagine again, resulting in endless aftertaste. Another example is Li Yu's "Young Beauty". The first six sentences are one solid and one virtual, that is, "When is the spring flower and the autumn moon (real), how much is known about the past (virtual). The east wind (reality) of Xiaolou last night, so my country could not bear to look back at the moon (empty). Carved jade fence should still be (real), but Zhu Yan has changed (virtual) ",and the combination of reality and reality has entrusted the grief of my hometown. Another example is Jiang Kui's Slow Yangzhou. The scene of decline in front of him is real, and the hypothetical imagination is empty. The combination of reality and fiction can make the work more compact and vivid, and greatly increase the capacity of the work. 4. Language features ① Fresh. Its characteristics are novel language and unconventional. For example, Du Fu's quatrains: "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets rise to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " Four kinds of scenery, dynamic scenery, static scenery, gorgeous colors and fresh and vivid language are written in four sentences. Another example is Xin Qiji's "Walking on the Yellow Sand Road in Xijiang Moonlight" and "Music in Poor Villages", with fresh and lively language. 2 dull. Or plain, characterized by choosing exact words to describe directly, all using stick figures, without modification, true and profound, approachable. But plain doesn't mean simple and shabby, it is a return to simplicity in terms, which embodies the writer's real kung fu. For example, Tao Yuanming's group poem "Returning to the Garden", in popular language, is a family matter, not a carving. Li Yu's later poem "Yu Meiren" is plain but touching. 3 gorgeous. It is characterized by rich rhetoric, gorgeous literary talent and fantastic feelings. For example, Li Shangyin's Untitled poem, Li He's Li Ping's Quotations and Bai Juyi's Pipa Travel describe music. 4 bright. Its characteristics are direct, clear, frank and provocative. It is often decisive and broken. For example, Li Qingzhao's early poem "Hanging Lips and Kicking Swing", Bai Juyi's poem "Grass" and so on. ⑤ Implicit. Sometimes it is also called suggestion, which is characterized by suggestion, often not direct narration, but tortuous talk. What you say here is intentional, or you don't send it, or you want to say it for readers to appreciate. Such as Du Mu's epic and Li Qingzhao's later poems. ⑥ Concise. It is characterized by neatness and conciseness. For example, Jia Dao's poems and Su Shi's poems. How ps gets high marks in the appreciation of ancient poetry has become an important part of the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination. In 2009, the college entrance examination in Jiangsu Province increased the appreciation score of ancient poetry to 10, which further highlighted its importance. But to be honest, it is difficult for most candidates to firmly grasp this point. Judging from the statistics of scores over the years, very few people can get eight points. The examination materials for poetry appreciation are mainly Tang poetry and Song poetry, and occasionally Yuan songs are involved. Looking at the real questions of college entrance examination over the years, we can sum up the following information: First, don't avoid hot spots. The poems examined are basically works that have an important position in the history of China literature, and the works of famous artists are the focus of the examination. Relatively uncommon works often provide some necessary hints to help candidates grasp the theme and ideas. Second, the test questions are mainly set around rhetorical devices, poetry content and thoughts and feelings. Especially the understanding of the meaning of key sentences in poetry. Understanding it often involves understanding the theme of the whole work. Proposers often like to ask questions from the following angles: (1) Analyze the author's emotional tendency in poetry, and through the interpretation of the works, ask us to sum up the feelings contained in the works: What kind of emotions did the author write under? What kind of emotion is expressed from this? Whether you are dissatisfied with reality or miss your loved ones, and so on. (2) Analyze the language application effect of a word or phrase in poetry. Is it used well? Where's the good news? (3) What expressive techniques are used in the works, and what effects have these techniques achieved? Candidates are required to judge for themselves. There is no unique answer to poetry appreciation, but it must be answered closely to the work itself, and it must be reasonable to get high marks. Generally speaking, if candidates grasp the author's emotional tone, they can generally get a passing score. If you are not sure, you may be wrong when you answer. This is also the reason why some candidates can only get one or two points or even zero points in poetry appreciation questions. How can we get high marks in poetry appreciation and show our advantages? This is not a day's supply, it needs the usual organic accumulation. Read more, recite more and think more, and the feeling of ancient poetry naturally arises. But there is still a basic methodological problem. Some techniques really help us to grasp the theme and artistic effect of poetry. Let's take two real questions as examples to avoid being empty, and explain in detail how to read an ancient poem, so that candidates can pass or even get high marks in the appreciation of ancient poems. Take a poem as an example. "Autumn night will dawn at the hedge door to meet the cold, the next part" Lu you Wan Li Sanjiang into the sea, 5 thousand mountains climbing skyscrapers. The adherents wept in the dust and looked south to Julian Waghann for another year. This is what Lu You did. How should we deal with it? Read it through first, circle the words you don't know or understand, and then look it up in the dictionary. In this poem, we may have two difficult words. One is "here" and the other is "Mo". As for the word "well", we can know from Three Wan Li Rivers that it must also be a unit of measurement. Because, according to the duality principle, "three Wan Li" should correspond to "five thousand meters". In fact, as soon as we looked it up in the dictionary, it was immediately verified: in ancient times, eight feet was one inch (one was seven feet). The understanding of the word "mo" is very interesting. The basic meaning of the word "Mo" in the dictionary is "Touch". But in the specific context, it can't be interpreted as "moved", but it is very high. Imagine touching the sky. Of course it's high. "Five thousand meters" is an imaginary number, but the height of "Yue" is represented by numbers, and "Mo" vividly represents the height of the mountain with the specific image (action) of "touching the sky". One uses numbers, the other uses images (movements), and the combination of the two makes the height of the mountain vividly appear at once. "Three Wan Li" should also be an imaginary number here. Lu You used exaggerated methods to describe the length of rivers and the height of mountains. But which river is this? Which mountain is this high mountain? We don't know that Lu You and the poems themselves didn't provide us with clear information. But people can guess that such a long river is either the Yellow River or the Yangtze River. Such a high mountain must belong to the "Five Mountains". The only definite conclusion we can draw from the poem itself is that the river and the mountain are very important in Lu You's mind, and they are also famous rivers and mountains in China. Lu You used these two sentences to describe the majestic gesture of one river and one mountain. However, it should be noted that mountains and rivers are all imaginary scenes, which may not have appeared in Lu You's vision at that time. With his naked eyes, it is impossible to see the spectacular scenery of the winding rivers in Wan Li, let alone the majestic height of 5000 meters. Why did Lu You suddenly think of these scenery instead of the scenery he saw in front of him? Why did you choose such a scene to write in poetry? This involves the second general principle of poetry appreciation: in ancient poetry, "all scenery words are sentimental words." This sentence of Mr. Wang Guowei may be a bit exaggerated, but it is really empirical and incisive. Therefore, in poetry, there is no scenery written purely for the sake of scenery writing, and it is tasteless and indecent to write scenery without emotion. Poetry pursues such a realm: words have substance, otherwise it will not achieve the effect of being concise and rich in connotation. Back to the question just now, why did Lu You write Long Rivers and Mountains? In a word: writing such a scene is to pave the way for later lyricism. Let's look at the last two sentences of this poem. "The adherents shed tears and dust, looking south at Julian Waghann for another year". "adherents" obviously refers to Lu you himself. As we all know, the powerful "Jin" at that time wiped out the Northern Song Dynasty, created the famous "Jingkang Difficult" in history, and seized two emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty at that time. Ministers and royalty fled to the south of the Yangtze River and established a new dynasty, that is, the "Southern Song Dynasty" in history, so Lu You became a adherent of the Northern Song Dynasty. From Dust Settled and Looking South, we can know that Lu You was in the north. That is, the place ruled by the Hu people. "Julian Waghann" refers to the teacher of "benevolence and righteousness" and can also be interpreted as the army of justice. The army of the Southern Song Dynasty was specially set up here, because the occupation of the north by Jin at that time was an "illegal" aggression and unjust. It was for the sake of sending troops to the north to recover lost ground in the Southern Song Dynasty that he called the army of the Southern Song Dynasty "Julian Waghann". In this poem, two words are very important. One is "exhausted tears" and the other is "again". The exhaustion of tears vividly explained Lu You's mood at that time: he was heartbroken and his tears dried up. The word "you" vividly shows Lu You's disappointment. Lu You was very concerned about the loss of his homeland, and always longed for the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court to send troops to the north, but he was disappointed again and again when he went south year after year. How can people stand such feelings? It should also be pointed out that "you" also has a hidden meaning: helplessness and disappointment were Lu You's feelings at that time, but Lu You didn't despair. If he completely despaired of the Southern Song Dynasty, he would give up and stop looking south. I will not write "Shizi" before I die: "Julian Waghann set the Central Plains in the north, and the family sacrifice will be told and never forgotten." At that time, Lu You spent the rest of his life in this contradictory and complicated emotion intertwined with disappointment and hope. What kind of suffering is that for a patriot? You can imagine how miserable Lu You was in his later years, and you can also imagine the heartache when writing these poems. This miserable situation just corresponds to the title "Autumn night will break at the fence". In autumn, when the dawn is about to break and people can feel the cold, it means that the season at that time is at least the Mid-Autumn Festival. In this season and time, normal people should still sleep soundly in bed, while diligent people may struggle to get up in bed. But Lu you got up and pushed open the hedge door and came out. What's the problem? It means Lu, you can't sleep! Why can't he sleep? It was precisely because Lu You was suffering from such contradictory emotions that he couldn't sleep. He felt it and wrote such a sad poem. Besides, he didn't write a song. The word "two" tells us that he wrote at least two songs, which further proves the intensity of his melancholy mood at that time. At this point, let's understand the poem as a whole and answer the questions mentioned above. Why did Lu You write about rivers and mountains from the beginning? We have already analyzed that the mountains and rivers he wrote are representative and Lu You likes them very much, so he uses energetic words such as "Three Wan Li", "Five Thousand Pagodas", "Entering" and "Mo" to describe them. "Mountains" and "rivers" are connected to form "mountains and rivers". We often refer to mountains and rivers, imperial courts, countries and so on. It is precisely because Lu You describes the growing scenery, which can be compared with the country, that he expresses such "big" and "strong" feelings about national unity at the back of his poem. Great scenery and great emotions are in harmony. At the same time, the big "feelings" are integrated into the big "scenery" without any trace. On the one hand, Lu You loves the great rivers and mountains of the motherland so much, but the cruel reality is that the magnificent rivers and mountains are divided. The saddest thing is that the imperial court is "happy" and indifferent to sending troops to the north. What kind of sadness will this be? Only Lu You, who lives in it, has the deepest taste, thus leaving these tragic poems to future generations to sing. Above, we explained in detail how to appreciate a poem. Next, let's solve the problem of word appreciation. Let's explain it through a specific word, not empty. There is little difference between the appreciation of words and poems. In the traditional sense, poetry expresses ambition, and words are based on emotion. It means that most poems are used to express aspirations, that is, the so-called big emotions, more noble and orthodox emotions, and emotions that can be said openly. Emotions that can't be said are mostly expressed in words, so words are also called poems. Words often express personal feelings, that is, small feelings. Missing friends and relatives, especially lovers, often becomes the original intention of ci creation. But the two general principles of poetry appreciation also apply to words. In order to maintain consistency, we need to reiterate those two general principles: first, we should start from the poem itself, not from the data. The function of data is to verify our understanding, not to understand poetry itself from data. On the contrary, putting the cart before the horse. Second, in ancient poetry, "all scenery words are sentimental words". Scenery is to pave the way for lyricism. Therefore, while seeing the scenery, we should also see the feelings hidden behind us. Due to the particularity of style (short space), it is inevitable to ask the author to cherish ink like gold. An excellent poem can't tolerate an abandoned word. Knowing this truth, we should pay more attention to the description of scenery in poetry. Why did the author choose such a scene as the performance object? The reason should not be easily let go. This is an important way to understand the author's feelings. As mentioned above, the two imaginary scenes of "mountain" and "river" written by Lu You paved the way for later expressing the great feelings of the unification of the country and the imperial court. Let's take Wei Chu's "Partridge Days, Fangman Coming to the Sun as an Example" in the Yuan Dynasty to analyze the interpretation methods of the words in detail. "Partridge sky, the housekeeper sent it after sunset" went home last year, but this year it is far from home. There is nothing to worry about in spring, and the autumn frost on the temples is fine and gorgeous. When the mountain meets the water, the water is bright. The forest is full of residual photos. It's time to clean up the countryside, and the children's group stayed up all night drinking tea. For ordinary readers, Wei Chu may be a stranger, but it doesn't matter. Knowing a writer's life doesn't necessarily have much effect on understanding one of his works. Sometimes he is smarter than himself. Therefore, we should start with the content of the word itself and find a breakthrough in interpretation. As usual, we first look up new words with the help of reference books to solve the obstacles in the text. In fact, there is only one new word in the whole word "Luan", which means "Yuan". We can also guess the general idea from the article. Now I am used to saying reunion, and some dialects like to say reunion. This is a dialect. The word is divided into two parts. The first part is "I went home last year, but this year I am facing the other side of the world." There is no place to worry in spring, and the autumn frost on the temples is fine and beautiful. "Distinguishing words is a matter of common sense. How should beginners or ordinary readers treat the common sense knowledge in poetry? In my opinion, it is not too serious to understand well, and it is not a big problem not to know poetry. But these things are not many. If you remember them by heart, you will catch them at once. Read the title first. Partridge sky is the name of the epigraph, that is, the name of the tone of the word, which stipulates how the word should be sung. The name of the tablet has little to do with the understanding of the meaning of the word. It turns out that poetry is used for singing, and there is a specific "spectrum" to be found. But it is basically lost, so the function of poetry as singing is basically lost. In other words, the title that can sum up the content of the word is "My wife came down to Japan to send it". A wife is a wife. It is not difficult to understand. " Falling into the sun is a birthday. The title of this word means that my wife is going to have a birthday. I made this word and sent it to her to express my feelings. This shows that the author and his wife are very loving. Moreover, the wife is also knowledgeable, and the two can communicate in words, which proves that the cultural level is not low. Let me get the meaning straight: last year, I got home today, but this year I face the other side of the world. I have nothing to worry about in spring-I was still at home at this time last year, but this year I am far apart; Think too much, there is no place to put it. "The word" you "shows that it is not the first time that the author and his wife have separated from each other across oceans, showing a little helplessness. It is not the author's initiative to describe all kinds of worries with "spring". "How much sadness can you have? It's just a river flowing eastward. " Li Houzhu used a river of spring water to describe his sadness. Obviously, Wei Chu's word "spring" has been conveyed by Li Houzhu. Spring is the season when flowers bloom. The revival, excitement and vitality of all things are the main characteristics of spring, which also makes spring very rich and even crowded. Therefore, using spring to describe troubles shows that there are many troubles. The word "leisure" is also expressed in seconds. Turn what you can't see and say into what you can see and touch, and there is no place to put it. In this way, it is very intuitive. At the same time, the author also gave birth to two sides of France and China because of his many worries. Let's look at the next que: the mountain meets the water, and the water is bright. The forest is full of residual photos. It's time to clean up the countryside, and the children's group stayed up all night drinking tea. The literal meaning of Xiaque is very simple, and there is no obstacle to understanding it. But what is behind the plain narrative is worth exploring. These words can be transformed into a quiet and slightly bleak picture: I am standing at the entrance to my hometown. The clear lake is surrounded by green hills, and the sunset is reflected on the calm water. Under the afterglow, the trees all over the mountain are covered with golden clothes, and crows returning from foraging leisurely circle around the bird's nest. When can I clean up the garden by myself and get together around the stove at night? What a dreary, leisurely and bleak picture! But who can know the author's inner pain? Birds can still live freely and reunite with their relatives, but why can't I be with my wife and children? Even on my wife's birthday, I still can't meet each other, so I can only send this eulogy to express my thoughts on them. Loneliness and sadness are naturally revealed. Lu You's poems and Wei Chu's first poem are excellent works. The reason why I chose these two poems as cases to analyze is to show that whether it is a good poem or a good word, the standard for evaluating its quality is not gorgeous or not. We may all think that elegant things are not unattainable. In other words, excellent works are both elite and popular, which arouse the inner emotional waves of readers with different knowledge structures to the greatest extent. Of course, everyone's specific feelings are different, but it can shake your heart. Reminds you of many things. And bad works do not have this effect. After reading it, you pause and forget, and there is no aftertaste, let alone read it carefully. Therefore, in the process of creation, both primary school students and junior high school students should avoid flowery rhetoric and say nothing. Try to describe the real things and feelings around you with emotional pen and ink. Perhaps your expression is not round enough, but your emotional narrative itself has touched quite a few people. I hope it can be adopted and wish the landlord progress in Chinese.