Dai Fugu was born in Pingshan, Nantang, Huangyan County, Tiantai Road for three years (1 167), a poor scholar's family. His father Dai, whose name is Dong Gaozi, is a hard-core poet who "uses his poems according to his own needs, refuses to make a career, and ends up poor without regrets" (Preface to the Poems of Lou Yao Dai). He wrote many poems in his life, but few of them stayed. Wei Qingzhi, who wrote the famous sentence Fu and another sentence: Walking around the River, was appreciated by Wei Qingzhi and was a poet, enjoying a high reputation in the southeast poetry circle at that time. Before he died, he said to his relatives and friends, "I'm terminally ill and dying." Unfortunately, my son is too young, and my poem will be lost. " It can be seen that he is really obsessed with poetry.
Dai Fugu not only inherited Naifu's poetry fans, but also inherited Naifu's style, and carried it forward and became a leader. What's more, like his father, he refused to make a career, preferring to be naked all his life. He is honest and upright, does not flatter, does not sell his soul, and pursues fame and fortune. Like his father, he is penniless and has no regrets. In the Southern Song Dynasty, this was really commendable.
Dai Fugu's era was just when "the mountains and rivers were broken and the clouds were surging", and the Xiao Wang Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty was in a corner of peace, striving for survival. If Zhao Gou was founded in Lin 'an at the beginning, there were loyal ministers from all walks of life in the south, and bonfires against Jin Yijun were everywhere in the north, but by the second generation of filial piety, due to the irresistible, disappointment and collapse of Zhao Gou, the ruling group was corrupt and incompetent, and had long been content with the small court life of "making Hangzhou Bianzhou". Dai Fugu was born in the second generation of this small dynasty. In this era, Xin Qiji and Lu You are still idle, not to mention an unknown epigenetic, so even if Dai Fugu is "negative, generous and uninhibited" (preface to Shi Ping Ji in Yuan Gong), there is no place for him to serve his country faithfully! Chen Zhisui's poem "Returning from Dai Fugu's Hometown" says: "Don't be the Jinling couple, Hirayama will be the master. There are beautiful trees in the shade near the courtyard and new flowers in the garden. Shuangliu poetry, a pool of wine dust. I can't let Weng Jian go, it's too lonely. " (Excerpted from Jing Tang Ji, Poems of Jiangnan Shi Jing)
Due to the local security in the Southern Song Dynasty, Taizhou became a relatively stable rear near the southeast coast, which made the remote and closed backward economic and cultural areas flourish rapidly. Especially in terms of culture, since the enlightenment of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of famous literati and scholars such as Zhu, Tang, Zhao Ruyu, You Mao, etc. have come to Taizhou and held important positions, which greatly promoted Taizhou culture. Zhu and others attached great importance to education, running academies everywhere and giving lectures in four places. As a result, the atmosphere of the imperial examination became more and more prosperous, and the number of winners in the imperial examination increased unprecedentedly. During the Southern Song Dynasty 153, there were 550 scholars in Taizhou, and one of them was the top scholar. Therefore, Xie Duo, a famous Taizhou person in the Ming Dynasty, said, "At that time, Taiwan Province people all made their fortune with Kodi. What are the restrictions!" (preface to Shiping Collection)
Under such a specific social and historical background, what path did Dai Fugu choose?
First, I inherited my father's ambition, fell in love with poetry, took poetry as my career, and left my wealth and fame behind.
According to Lou Ji, his predecessor and close friend, "I went to visit Yu with a lot of poems one day and said,' I carry on the family line by this, but I also take it as poverty.' ..... Yu replied: "Fu can be poor, or he can only be poor and work later ... If the child can only be poor, then poetry will flourish!" This was unique among Taizhou intellectuals who were keen on imperial examinations at that time.
Second, visit the teacher. According to "New Records of Huangyan", "His poems are far away from Shaoling and near Jiannan." It is particularly noteworthy that "I went to the gate of Sanshan Lu Fangweng again, and poetry benefited." (Lou Key's Preface) It can be seen that he is really a disciple of Lu You. Lu You, a patriotic realist poet in the same strain as Du Fu, became famous in the ruling and opposition circles at this time. "The Poem of Jian Nan" is a model for Dai Fugu to learn. He finally came to visit his teacher, and under the personal guidance of a generation of masters, he "deliberately studied": "Poetry benefits from progress" and reached the realm of "Qingyuan has its own purpose" (see New Records of Huangyan).
Third, read thousands of books and take Wan Li Road.
Gong Shitai, a Yuan Dynasty man, traced his whereabouts and summarized it as follows: "Traveling to Oumin in the south, looking at wuyue in the north, going to Huiji, Juezhong River, Floating, Pan Dongting, Wangkuang Road, Five Old Peaks, Nine Old Peaks, then setting Huai and Si, and going down with the old (Huangyan Yushan)." (Preface to Shiping Collection) His travels were mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and he set foot in the Huaihe River Basin, the northern border with the Jin people at that time.
Over the past 40 years, he has roamed three times and spent half his life all over the country.
Roaming experience
First trip
After Dai Fugu got married and had children, he successfully studied poetry. First of all, he climbed the gate of Lu Fangweng, and his poetry benefited a lot. Then he began to travel with confidence, and the destination was Lin 'an, the provincial capital. He came to the capital happily, hoping to become famous in one fell swoop. However, real life is cold. At that time, the capital poet was a guest, and it was already a "hundred-member group." How can he, a nameless young man, go in and out? After waiting for a few years, I was greatly disappointed that "the real dragon is not just drawing pictures, patting the column and sighing three times". At this time, the rebellion in Phnom Penh in the Song Dynasty had begun, and he went north to the Duke of Zhou and the Huaihe River basin near the front line. "Wandering in Huaidian for ten years, sleeping in Ezhou with a pillow." Trying to find a way out on the road to joining the army, the result is still "a thousand miles away, empty talk and a glass of water."
This time, when he went to the front, he personally accepted the situation that "our country is getting smaller and smaller, and the frontier wind is getting colder and colder". During the period of 1206 and 10, Jinfenbing attacked the Song Dynasty in the south and destroyed Zhou Zhen, Yunmeng and Chuzhou Huaihe River. At this time, he wrote famous patriotic poems, such as "Thinking about Huaihe River Water" and "Looking North at Xuyi", which reflected the truth that the people suffered from war and expressed the poet's love for the motherland and his nostalgia for the people who lost their land in the Central Plains.
This decade's outing has shattered his dream of returning home with clothes on. "The dream of Beijing is more than ten years", but it is "knowing that the moon is always empty." I have to go home disappointed. When I came back, I found that my wife had died of illness. During her illness, she also wrote two poems on the wall: "The machine is full of sorrow, and the door is full of yellow flowers." When he saw the touching scene in the poem, he continued to write the uniform inscription "Continued Death Room". It never rains but it pours. Facing the true image of his dead wife, he couldn't help singing: "Pursuing fame and profit, returning thousands of miles away and dying." At that time, the two sons were only in their teens, which really made people cry.
Second trip
I haven't lived at home for a long time. "Finally, closing the door is none of my business. Bai Ou has a heart of five lakes. " (Home Revives the Prosperity of Rivers and Lakes) He once again traveled away from home, this time from Wenzhou and Qingtian to Jiangshan and Yushan in the west, and then to Zhang Yu, with poems all the way. Based on Zhang Yu, he lived in Jiangxi for a long time, walked between Ganjiang, Yuanjiang, Fuhe and Xinjiang, and later traveled to Hangzhou, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Anhui. Go home in about twenty years.
The first thing on this trip was that many Beijing officials were transferred to Jiangxi. He went to Jiangxi to find an acquaintance to find a way, and the result was also very disappointing. Disappointed, he felt that "mountains and cities are where I live", so he turned to the second goal-to make friends with poets and understand poetry. This goal was unexpectedly achieved, and unprecedented gains were made in poetry creation. "Come back, sit alone behind closed doors and win a poor poem." In his first ten years, after his poems spread gradually, sages, officials, scholars and tourists contended with him at this stage, such as Lou Jian, Qiao Xingjian, Wei Liaoweng and other senior officials sang with him from time to time, together with Zhao Ruteng, Bao Hui, Tu, Zhao Fan, Zeng Jingjian, Gao Zhu, Liu Kezhuang, Zhao Yi Fu, Weng Juan and Ji Sun. During this period, he wrote the most poems and achieved the greatest success: most of his poems were patriotic and concerned about people's realism. In Hunan, Zhao Ruchen edited The Collection of Poems Xiao Ping in the order of Zhao Ruteng, which is the first collection of Dai Fugu's poems published in Hunan. 1227 arrived in Jiangxi in the first half of the year. In Wan 'an River, there is a saying that "you can't become a Buddha, you can't become an immortal, and you will waste 60 years on earth". "But the autumn wind is moving, and the boat is asked." After the relocation, Ni Zuyi and Zhao Ximai were invited to preface and postscript their poems, and then they went to Yushan to visit Zhao Fan brothers and went home.
This time, he finally appeared as a "professional poet" in the frontier, front line, officials and people, and had a profound experience: he pinned his hopes on anti-Japanese officials, highly praised the people's high fighting spirit, truly and profoundly reflected the people's sufferings, and angrily exposed and condemned the efforts of the capitulators in the ruling and opposition parties. At this time, his poetry has become an important practical tool, thus gaining a great reputation.
The third trip
After becoming famous, I traveled from my sixties to my seventies in the spring of 1229, with a clear footprint. First go to Fujian, then turn to Jiangxi, 1234 enter Fujian for the second time, then leave Meiling, visit Guangzhou and Guilin, then return to Hengyang, pass through Changsha and go to Ezhou for the third time. After 1236, he went east to Wumen and Yangzhou. 1237 was taken home from Zhenjiang by his son Archie. In the past ten years, I mainly visited friends and invited people to preface and organize Fu Zi's poems. The second time I went to Fujian, the first time was in the spring of 1229, and he asked Chen Japanese to make a poem preface. The second time was in 1234. At the invitation of Shao Wu's satrap Olivia, he taught military science for a period of time. In 10, Olivia prefaced The Collection of Poems. I met Yan Yu in Shaowu, which was the biggest gain of his third roaming.
/kloc-in the winter of October, 234, Olivia invited Yan Yu and Dai Fugu to the Wangjiang Tower to drink and write poems, leaving a good story: Wangjiang Tower is on the bank of Futunxi in the east of Shaowu City, with a height of more than ten meters and three double eaves, which is expected to reach ten miles. At this time, Yan Yu was only 20 years old, and Dai Fugu was already a famous poet, stationed in Shaowu as a scholar. The satrap Olivia loves poetry, but prefers Jiangxi School. Yan Yu participated in Zen Buddhism, advocated "wonderful enlightenment", pursued the prosperous Tang Dynasty and opposed the popular Jiangxi School. On this day, the three men were drinking and discussing poems in Wangjianglou, each holding his own opinion and arguing endlessly. Dai Fugu tends to Yan Yu and opposes Jiangxi School, but he doesn't agree to write the poem "Empty Spirit", which is too mysterious. Later, he wrote ten unique poems, which systematically expressed his views on poetry and became a masterpiece in poetry. In order to commemorate this elegant event, later generations renamed Wangjiang Building as Shihua Building, and carved three figures upstairs for people to pay their respects, which became a great scenic spot in Fujian. 1237, Dai Fugu finally got tired of his 40-year career in Jianghu, bid farewell to his old friend and set foot on his way home. "If you don't drink the wind, you will become a white head in the rivers and lakes, and you will be famous all over the world." "After forty years in the Jianghu, the bald head will buy mountain money." He finally returned to the forest.
As a Jianghu poet, Dai Fugu has four spirits in writing poems, but he can learn from many famous teachers in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and find a new way. Like the Four Spirits, Dai Fugu concentrated his creative energy on the Five Laws, and the number of the Five Laws in Shiping Poetry Collection accounted for half. Different from the commander's five laws, which are full of poetry, his five laws mostly describe human feelings and the world, and they are clean, healthy and light, with no traces of axes.
Dai Fugu's poems are full of nostalgia. Back then, Zhou Yu was impulsive and absorbed the universe wholeheartedly. Miriam, the drums are deafening; In the Battle of Thousand Pillars, the ichthyosaurs of Compound River were furious because of the influence of the war. The long fire dragon rolled up the surface of the water, and in the sound of drums, Sun Liu allied forces besieged Cao Cao. Cross the river, Binhe Road. Riverside ferry and riverside road are strategic places of terrain, where men fight with death. Today, I am here to pay tribute to the ancient monument. I have a deeper feeling than reading history books. The east wind is blowing, and the scenery has changed many times. The past history has unfolded with the folding of Jesse and me. Ask Liu for whom to spring next year and who to shake the golden branches for. -Song Dai Fugu's "Man Jiang Hong Chibi Nostalgia" Man Jiang Hong Chibi Nostalgia
Every time I pass through Chibi, I will recall the past. Back then, Zhou Yu was impulsive and absorbed the universe wholeheartedly. Miriam, the drums are deafening; In the Battle of Thousand Pillars, the ichthyosaurs of Compound River were furious because of the influence of the war. The long fire dragon rolled up the surface of the water, and in the sound of drums, Sun Liu allied forces besieged Cao Cao.
Cross the river, Binhe Road. Riverside ferry and riverside road are strategic places of terrain, where men fight with death. Today, I am here to pay tribute to the ancient monument. I have a deeper feeling than reading history books. The east wind is blowing, and the scenery has changed many times. The past history has unfolded with the folding of Jesse and me. Ask Liu for whom to spring next year and who to shake the golden branches for. Heroic, nostalgic and sentimental, the river is sunny and flat, and the bank of the fishing boat pavilion is inclined at low tide. Bai Niao stood by the water and watched people start to walk into the reed flowers. -Song Dai Fugu's "Jiangcun Vigil" Jiangcun Vigil
Song Dynasty: Dai Fugu
There are 300 ancient poems describing the scenery. The pond is shallow and deep, and the weather is half cloudy and half sunny when the plums are ripe. The East Garden is full of wine and the West Garden is drunk, and the loquat trees are golden. -Song Dai Fugu "Traveling to Bird in Early Summer" Traveling to Bird in Early Summer
Duck pond water is shallow and deep, and the weather is half cloudy and half sunny when plums are ripe.
The East Garden is full of wine and the West Garden is drunk, and the loquat trees are golden. There are 300 ancient poems. Go to the park to read more Dai Fugu's poems in summer.