First, carefully observe the relationship between things and feelings-appreciation of poems about things.
Writing characteristics:
1. Since you recite things, you should actually write down their shape, color characteristics, or their environment, and seek their "similarity". [The song is wonderful]
2, from things to people, from real to virtual, write spiritual character, and seek its "spirit likeness" [don't leave a name on things]
3. From the overall conception, metaphor, symbol, personification and comparison are often used to express one's will.
4. From the method of specific description, in addition to positive description, side contrast is often used.
Appreciation method:
1, "Read the whole poem".
2. Analyze the external characteristics, environmental characteristics and internal characteristics of the object.
3, contact the poet's own experience and social environment, try to figure out the poet's feelings and aspirations.
4. Experience the beauty of the poet's technique.
Second, who can't stand homesickness —— Appreciation of homesick poems
1, understand the common thoughts and feelings. Travel and troubles; Miss relatives and friends; Homesickness; Pregnant in a Boudoir: Wang Changling's in my heart forever
2. Analyze the reasons why people are homesick. Frequent wars; The mountains are long and the water is wide; Defend the border for a long time; Official travel does not return; Wandering outside; Demote officials from different places; Wild geese return to their hometown; During the holidays.
3. How do people express homesickness in poetry?
Touching the scene: what happened to me and me was suddenly disappointed. The original tree of the village bridge was like my hometown. (Wang Yucheng Rural Bank)
Feeling of time: enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival; Chongyang climbs high; New year's eve; Sad spring and sad autumn; I feel homesick at dusk.
Expressing feelings with things: moon, goose, flute and willow.
Love of dreams: I have a dream of going home at night, and it is dawn before I get to Tonglu. (thinking of Jiangnan's defense)
Appreciation method:
1, first reading the whole poem, overall perception, and determining the emotional category.
2. Grasp the key sentences, excavate the words, and realize the emotion first.
3. Grasp the image, construct the picture, and then realize the emotion.
4. According to the topic, organize the language and form the answer.
Third, how many people fought in ancient times-appreciation of frontier fortress battle poems.
Pay attention to the appreciation of frontier fortress poems;
① Understand the background of the times; 2 experience thoughts and feelings; ③ Feel the artistic style.
Appreciation method:
First, understand the background of poetry creation. Frontier poems are the works that can best reflect the rise and fall of national fortune. Therefore, when we are in contact with this kind of poetry, if we can understand the author's era, it will certainly be of great help to understand the content of the work and the author's feelings.
Brief Introduction to the Prosperous Tang Dynasty: From Xuanzong's accession to the throne to Daizong's accession to the throne (7 12-762), this half century is usually called the Prosperous Tang Dynasty. With the prosperity of economy and the strength of national power, many literati joined the army or stayed in the shogunate, resulting in a large number of works with the theme of frontier wars, forming a spectacular frontier poetry school in the Tang Dynasty. Also known as "Gao Cen School of Poetry".
In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the national situation began to decline. Although the poets still maintain a high-spirited tone, they are inevitably mixed with a lot of sadness and sadness: "There are 300,000 people in the village, and I will look back at the bright moon for a while" (Li Yi), "I am poor on the river, but I still live in the dream of spring" (Chen Tao).
By the Song Dynasty, the country was already at a disadvantage in the national struggle, with constant foreign aggression and national disaster. The feelings revealed in frontier fortress poems are more reflected in the resentment that there is no way to serve the country, such as Lu You's "self-denial on the frontier, the decline in the mirror has begun"; It is more reflected in the hopeless grief of returning home, such as "Ran Yan didn't return home, and the management was full of frost" ("Fisherman's Passion" Fan Zhongyan). Although there is still a patriotic enthusiasm, compared with the frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it is somewhat more sad and melancholy.
Second, pay attention to distinguish its ideological content and emotional characteristics. Have the desire to make contributions: "Better be a centurion than a scholar" (Yang Jiong); There is a passion for serving the country, a homesickness for soldiers who went to war and a hatred for their wives at home, a display of the hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the cruelty of years of war, a reflection of dissatisfaction with the arrogance of the emperor and resentment against the greed of generals, a statement of long-term nostalgia for relatives in their native land, and a marvel at the scenery different from the Central Plains. ...
Thirdly, analyze the different artistic styles of frontier fortress poems. The artistic styles embodied in a large number of frontier poems vary widely, and some are bold and broad-minded. For example, as mentioned earlier, "You don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield, and you have fought several times since ancient times"; Some are magnificent, such as Wang Wei's "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen"; Some are heroic and sad, such as Du Fu's "The Flag of Sunset, A?vagho?a's Rustling Wind"; Some are euphemistic, such as Li Bai's "Oh, when the Tatar army was conquered, and my husband returned from a long battle!" " Only by carefully understanding the words and sentences of poetry can we accurately understand the different artistic styles of different poets in frontier fortress poems because of different times, different contents, different artistic attainments and different life experiences.
The main features of frontier poems:
(1) content: frontier scenery (magnificent) rulers (militarism) soldiers (hard life)
(2) Emotion: homesickness for hometown; Farewell to friends is sentimental; Serve the country with pride; Don't get excited.
(3) Style-majestic and heroic.
(4) Common techniques-metaphor, exaggeration and allusions.
(5) Commonly used words: golden drum flag, bonfire feather, book, spear, sword, axe, shovel, yelang, long cloud, autumn moon, snowy mountain, lonely city and wild goose flying.
Commonly used evaluation words:
Great, strange, cold, vast, magnificent, heroic, heroic, war-weary, deeply sympathetic.
Fourth, how many ups and downs in ancient and modern times-appreciation of epic poems
China has a long history of thousands of years, with beautiful scenery and romantic figures. Although history is like waves scouring the sand, countless predecessors have dominated the historical stage and left many brilliant achievements, which is admirable. How many lessons have been left, which makes people sad. Therefore, the historical stories and deeds of the ancients are the theme of poems about nostalgia, which originated in the Wei and Jin Dynasties or even earlier. In the Tang dynasty, it became a common practice, and even outstanding historians such as Liu Yuxi and Du Mu appeared. There are some rational reflections on history in homesick poems. For example, Du Mu and Wang Anshi both wrote about pavilions on the Wujiang River. Du Shi's poem "A versatile disciple in Jiangdong, it is unknown to make a comeback" is a pity for Xiang Yu's suicide. Wang's poem "Jiangdong disciples are here now, willing to make a comeback for you" is to realize the historical inevitability of Xiang Yu's failure. Some combine historical events with reality, or express their feelings through history, or satirize the present through the past. For example, Su Shi's "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia" borrowed Zhou Yu's youth to achieve success and felt that his talents were not satisfied; Xin Qiji's "Gubeiting in Jingkou" uses six allusions to express his disillusionment and despair of national rejuvenation, satirizing the improper employment of people by the authorities in the Southern Song Dynasty and failing to revive the country. Some talk about history, such as Du Fu's books.
(a) to find out the historical facts
We must know something about the historical facts and characters involved in the works, which requires us to accumulate some historical knowledge. When reading a poem, you must read the notes, which is also a key to understanding the material.
(2) Understanding intention
There must be a realistic reason or medium to trigger emotions and let future writers think about the dusty past. For example, Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou and visited a local place called Chibi, which is said to be the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms. This red cliff can also be said to be the medium that triggers the poet's feelings. In Xin Qiji's "Gubeiting in Jingkou, Nostalgia for Forever Happiness", the poet boarded Gubeiting in Jingkou, and historically insisted on taking Jingkou as a stronghold to fight against the northern enemy, linking it with the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was the medium that triggered the poet's feelings. The realistic reason for the poet's poetic feeling is that the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty managed to steal peace and could not serve the country.
(3) Understanding feelings
Poets reminisce about the past and praise the past. There are roughly several situations:
One is to think about history calmly and rationally, and the poet himself is not among them. For example, Du Mu and Wang Anshi both wrote the poem Tiaojiang Pavilion. Du Mu regretted Xiang Yu's suicide: "Jiangdong disciples are versatile, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback." However, Wang Anshi felt the inevitability of Xiang Yu's failure history: "Although Jiangdong disciples are here today, I am willing to make a comeback for you." Two kinds of situations are distorting historical facts and reality, or experiencing feelings personally, or fighting against social reality. For example, Huaigu Chibi and Huaigu Jingkou Gubei Pavilion. The third situation is to seize the shadow of history and deliberately exploit loopholes. For example, Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng" uses the ancient times to satirize the present: the propaganda room asks for sages to visit ministers, and Jia Sheng is even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods.
(4) Analysis of writing
In terms of conception, it can be said that a hundred flowers blossom and reminisce about the past, and there are scenes to set off feelings, such as Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia; Some comments, such as "Wang Zhaojun" written by A Qing, sarcastically satirize the incompetence of the Han and Yuan emperors. In terms of composition, it is either a front contrast or a side contrast.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Holding a glass and saying Sang Ma —— Appreciation of pastoral poems
Landscape poetry originated from Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty (Song Dynasty), and pastoral poetry originated from Tao Yuanming in the Jin Dynasty, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran in the Tang Dynasty. This kind of poetry is good at describing natural scenery, pastoral scenery and comfortable seclusion. Poetry and painting are meaningful and beautiful, the style is quiet and elegant, the language is beautiful and refined, and the line drawing technique is used.
Terms commonly used in appreciation:
1. Ideological content: Love nature, yearn for freedom, retire (retire), and be carefree.
2. Expression technique: lyric sketch with scenery.
3. Language features: fresh, natural, simple, natural and fresh.
6. Meeting and parting are fate —— Appreciation of farewell poems
Due to the rugged roads and backward means of transportation, the ancients were reluctant to leave for many years and it was difficult to meet again, so the ancients paid more attention to parting. Scholar-officials not only prepare wine to fold willows, but also write poems for travelers (farewell) or residents (farewell). Therefore, expressing farewell is a common theme in ancient poetry. Farewell poems are a big category of ancient poems. They usually describe scenery and express parting feelings according to time and place, thus reflecting the author's thoughts and feelings. Most of these poems are touching and full of sentimental feelings, such as Liu Yong's Lin Yuling. Most of these poems are lyrical in artistic techniques, and they also use imagination and association to shape images. Graceful poets and poets write more.
Characteristics of farewell poems: season: spring or autumn; Time: early morning or evening; Location: intersection, post station, wharf, etc. Scenery: willow trees, restaurants, etc.
Farewell custom in Tang dynasty;
1, fold the willow to bid farewell
2, drinking farewell dinner
Step 3 sing goodbye
The custom of folding willows to bid farewell originated in the Han Dynasty for three reasons:
1, inextricably linked wicker dancing in the wind is like being separated from people, inextricably linked and chaotic.
2. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, so folding the willow to bid farewell means retaining, saying goodbye and giving up.
Willow branches have the habit of being born anywhere. I wish my friends a smooth and prosperous life in a foreign land.
The common space-time background in farewell poems;
1, with various time images such as evening and moonlit night.
2. Pavilion, ferry, Nanpu and other spatial images often appear.
Emotion of farewell poems:
1, sorry.
2. generous and open-minded.
Seven, regret to teach my husband to find a topic —— Appreciation of Poems Always in My Heart
There are two kinds of in my heart forever's poems, one is women's yearning for their husbands and relatives in their hometown. One is the sorrow for perishable youth and the yearning for a free and happy life.
Describe the object:
Boudoir young woman, maid-in-waiting, businessman, prostitute
Common technologies:
1 metaphor; ② Contrast and contrast; 3. Detailed description (action, psychology, expression)
Emotional tone-resentment:
1. The husband and wife are separated and the years are empty; 2. Without luck, there is no love; 3. Lonely and helpless, few people care; 4. Care and worry about her husband.