Xiangling can learn poetry in three steps. First of all, I worshipped Daiyu as a teacher and tasted Wang Wei's poems under the guidance of Daiyu. Secondly, he tried to write poems while reading Du Fu's poems. The third is that it has experienced two failures and finally succeeded. Xiangling's first poem is naive and straightforward, piling up the words used by predecessors to chant the moon and putting them together. The biggest problem is that the whole poem does not express true feelings, so there is nothing new. The words "laurel", "jade mirror" and "ice plate" used in the poem are all platitudes, so Daiyu said that she was "bound by him", but she couldn't jump out of the trap of her predecessors. Her second poem has made progress, which can be compared with "floral fragrance" and "light frost", set off by scenes such as "people walking" and "curtains", and gradually let go of her hands and feet. However, the words "jade plate" and "jade fence" still have old flavor, and the whole poem is about moonlight instead of the moon itself. Some of them are off topic, so Daiyu said, "This song is so boring." Xiangling's third poem goes like this:
No one can hide the brilliance of the moon. Her beautiful figure is beautiful and her texture is much worse.
Yi Dao's voice came from the vast Ye Yuan, and the rooster crowed at night to stop the waning moon from hanging in the horizon.
Wanderers in Qiu Jiang are more melancholy when they listen to the flute, and the young woman upstairs leans against the railing at the end of the night.
To win Chang 'e, we have to ask, why not reunite forever?
This poem is a success. Except for the first couplet, it seems that every sentence is not written about the month, but every sentence is related to the month. The dictionary is elegant and implicit, with novel and unique meanings. Especially the couplets, which are steady in workmanship, profound in meaning and exquisite. Its greatest advantage is that it conforms to Xiangling's own life experience, cherishes the moon and shows her true feelings. In this way, poetry is not empty but has content. Xiangling's success, on the one hand, shows her own intelligence and elegant quality, on the other hand, it also shows a truth, that is, the novel has been written forty-nine times, and everyone has read her third poem, "Where there is a will, there is a way." It makes more sense for Xiangling to live in the Grand View Garden, and it is logical that she is the first person in the supplement.
There are many poems in A Dream of Red Mansions, which is one of the reading difficulties for readers today. Unfortunately, many people accidentally think that the author has no intention. Poems in books are often integrated with stories, and everyone's poems have their own characteristics, showing different thoughts and personalities of different characters. Some poems also point out the situation and fate of the characters. As mentioned above, the "hard to hide the essence" in Xiangling's third poem is actually talking about Xiangling's current situation. Therefore, savoring the poems in the book is also one of the pleasures of appreciating A Dream of Red Mansions.
Cao Xueqin also expressed his views on the art of poetry by writing Xiangling's poems. He particularly emphasized that poetry should be innovative, emotional and entertaining, and words should not be harmful. This is an understanding. From the text, readers can also know that the poets in the Tang Dynasty that the author appreciates, such as Wang Wei, Du Fu and Li Bai, are all excellent poets favored by Cao Xueqin.
It is also a reasonable stroke in the novel that Xiangling wants to learn poetry instead of worshipping Baochai around her as a teacher and looking for Daiyu. Baochai is well-read and has excellent poetry and literary talent, but she doesn't value this point and thinks that "a woman without talent is virtue." Moreover, Baochai is calm by nature and doesn't like trivial things that are too troublesome, so Xiangling is not convenient to learn poetry from her. Although Daiyu is withdrawn by nature, she likes to part but not get together, but she also has a warm and generous side. She took pains to guide Xiangling, making her words meaningful and concise, so Xiangling could quickly understand the way to get started and succeed. This performance of Daiyu is a reflection of the other side of her personality. To some extent, Daiyu is actually easier to get along with and more sympathetic to the weak than Baochai.
Other characters written in this article, such as Tan Chun, Xiang Yun and Baoyu, are all foil characters with little pen and ink. However, the author's light dyeing is quite spiritual. Writing about Xiangyun is talkative and alert in spring, which is consistent with their consistent performance.
Xiangling is a tragic figure who changed from an official to a handmaiden. It's a pity that she was abducted from childhood, dragged home by the silly bully Xue Pansheng at the age of 12 or 13, and finally became a concubine, suffering humiliation, humiliation and torture. However, she is extremely clever and obsessed with poetry: when Xue Pan went out for business and was invited by Baochai to meet many talented women in the Grand View Garden, a strong spiritual pursuit sprouted in her heart. So, the night she entered the park, she went to Xiaoxiang Pavilion to find Daiyu, hoping to learn poetry from her. Dai Yu also gave enthusiastic guidance. She not only listed famous works for Xiangling to ponder, but also listened carefully to Xiangling's feelings and opinions in reading poems with the same care. She also cheerfully set out as a "teacher" and ordered Xiangling to write a poem about the moon according to the "fourteen cold rhymes" and let her go back and try to write it. When Xiangling handed in her homework, Daiyu thought it was "indecent wording", but she did not deliberately criticize it. Instead, I warmly encouraged her to "just do it boldly." Such a disciple, diligent student and tireless teacher finally made Xiangling's poetry art grow and succeed. She sang beautiful sentences in her dream.
A deep understanding of Daiyu and Xiangling's "teaching" and "learning" gives us two inspirations from two aspects of Chinese learning, namely, reading and writing, which are interactive, mutually reinforcing, mutually integrated and mutually advancing:
I reading enlightenment
First, read more books and read first-class works. Daiyu asked Xiangling to read one hundred five-character poems by Shi Fo Wang Wei, then one or two hundred seven-character poems by Lao Du and one or two hundred quatrains by Li Qinglian. He also taught Xiangling to re-read Tao Yuanming, Seven Scholars of Jian 'an and Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest based on these three people. "You are a very smart person". It can be seen that Daiyu not only attaches importance to reading more, but also attaches importance to reading aloud, with special emphasis on not reading third-rate works. When Xiangling first met Daiyu and said that she "only loved Lu Fangweng's poem" A heavy curtain doesn't leave fragrance for a long time, and the ancient inkstone is slightly concave and gathers ink ",Daiyu earnestly warned:" Never learn such a poem. Because I don't know poetry, I love it when I see it. Once you enter this mode, you will never learn again. " This points out a very valuable way of reading. If you want to read first-rate works, you can also read some second-rate works to broaden your horizons. However, don't fall in love with third-and fourth-rate popular works at the beginning of beginners' understanding, so once you enter this mode, as Dai Yu said, if you want to learn some elegant first-class works, you will "stop learning".
Second, we must ponder carefully. When Xiangling finished reading 100 poems in the red circle in The Complete Works of King Shaman given by Daiyu, Daiyu said with a smile, "How many poems do you remember?" The second question is, "Can you enjoy some flavors?" Daiyu was deeply inspired by Xiangling's affirmative answer and said, "Only by paying attention to discussion can we make progress. Come and listen to me. " This "two questions and one talk" embodies a basic point of reading poetry, that is, to be familiar with, to appreciate, and to "pay attention to discussion." Read a poem a hundred times and you can see what it means. Reading aloud is the only effective way to improve language comprehension, and it is also the basis and premise of learning poetry and writing. Reading is not memorizing without thinking, but studying hard. Just as Xiangling studied Wang Wei's "To Frontier fortress", "The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen", she first closed the book and imagined the scene in the poem, and then found another word to replace it to see if there was a better refined word. Xiangling studied Wang Wei's five-character poem "A Farewell from Wangchuan to Pei Di" based on her own life experience. As for discussing and communicating with each other, it is also an important way to improve the taste of reading poetry and the level of writing poetry. For example, Baoyu, Tanchun and Daiyu all listened to Xiangling's poems in Xiaoxiang Pavilion and chatted with Xiangling about the plot of the poems. In particular, Daiyu's story about Wang Wei's "Sunset Wandering at the Ferry, Smoke Drifting from the Room at Night" was discussed with reference to Tao Yuanming's "Wenyuan Village, Smoke in Yi Yi Market". It is really a very tasteful communication between poetry appreciation and art research, which allows participants to communicate with each other and makes up for the limitations of individual perception in literary appreciation. It can not only broaden the breadth of reading comprehension, but also explore the mystery and subtlety, lead thinking to a deeper level, and find a writing method that leads you to explore the road, makes the past serve the present, and attacks jade from other mountains.
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Second, writing inspiration
First, the idea is the best, "don't hurt your meaning with words." Xiangling heard that there is a way to write poetry from beginning to end, so she said to Daiyu, "These styles and rules are the last things, as long as the sentences are novel." Dai Yu emphasized: "Whether the sentence is the last thing or not, the first intention is very important. If the meaning is true, even the sentence doesn't need to be revised, so it will be fine. This is called' don't hurt your meaning with words'. " It can be seen that conception is the key to the article, and no matter how strange the language is, it will never become a superior work; New ideas and new languages will never arouse readers' interest in reading. Therefore, conception is the soul of the article and the key to determine the grade of the article. Of course, we emphasize the importance of conception, not to say that language forms can be ignored at will. Good wine should be bottled, first of all, good wine, but good wine is packed in a simple bottle, so naturally no one cares. Today, an important reason why many students' compositions are not up to standard is that they are clumsy and have no literary talent.
The second is to create boldly and dare to imagine. The first poem about the moon written by Xiangling at the request of Daiyu, although it conforms to the rhyme law of "cold" in the fourteenth part of Pingsheng, just means "the moon is in the sky" and its wording is indecent, but Daiyu did not blame it. While pointing out the problems and analyzing the reasons, she encouraged Xiangling to "just do it boldly". In fact, Daiyu's "boldness" means "daring to imagine", which is exactly the same as Engels' comment that German poet platon "must imagine boldly when writing poetry". It's just that Daiyu not only emphasizes that writing poems should not be bound by rules and regulations, but also emphasizes that "ugly daughter-in-law is afraid of meeting her mother-in-law" and writing bad jokes. In fact, the more afraid I am, the less I write, and I can't write a good work after all. But dare to think, dare to write, dare to take it out and let people comment, but also dare to contribute, not afraid of "mud cows into the sea." Writing is a practical subject. Without reading and writing, you want to find writing skills by the guidance of famous teachers and composition collections, just like finding fish from a tree, which is the opposite.
"Xiang Shi" is about the plot fragments and methods of Xiang Ling's poems and Professor Daiyu's poems, but in the broad sense of "poetry", poetics is literature and poetic art is the method of creation. By extension, it is very enlightening to understand two important aspects of Chinese learning-reading and writing. Read more books, think more and read beautiful articles. Even if you read less, you should read first-class classics. Never swallow "shark fin" and "opium" together, which will not only hurt appetite, but also lead to addiction and chronic poisoning. This reminds me of a sentence that Mr. Yu Yu Qiu said when talking about the way of reading: "I would rather read less, but also read good books and read carefully." With this correct reading method, that is, reading beautiful articles, reciting beautiful articles, reading more books, thinking more, trying to figure out, and then writing boldly, why not?