Yan Yu's Biography of Li Taibai's Poems in the Southern Song Dynasty, volume 22, 1, created a precedent for commenting on Li Bai's poems. The Postscript to the Complete Works of Li Taibai in Qing Dynasty said: "There are comments on Li's Biography of Poetry, which began with Yan's Canglang. Many people in the world respect it. However, if you ask for approval, you will be guided, which means you are willing to show it to others. " What you said is true. At the same time, Cang Shi Lang Hua fully embodies Yan Yu's poetic concept. Combining the two, we can see Yan Yu's view of Li Bai's poetics more comprehensively and clearly. YanYu most appreciate, "pale China? Poetry Review: "On poetry, Du Li is the standard and the emperor is the emperor. "It was suggested that Du Li should be the standard of poetry." Canglang Poetry Talk "? "On Poetry" also said: "Poetry has an extreme, which is called forgetting me. Poetic and picturesque, this is the end, this is the end, add contempt! Only Du Li got it. Others have nothing to talk about. "Devotion is Yan Yu's highest evaluation of poetry creation. He believes that only Du Li can do this. Yan Yu commented on Li Bai's poem: "Pingqu is better than Gaozu, Han Yi Ling Changfeng. Cai Bai is really like this, you can give it to yourself. " Obviously, Yan Yu spoke highly of Li Bai's talent and charm. Judging from Yan Yu's comments on Li Taibai's poems, he basically followed the theoretical system of Cang Lang Shi Hua. The isomorphism of the two established Yan Yu's criticism system of Li Bai's poems.
First, the words are endless and endless.
"Infinite meaning" means that poetry has far-reaching and meaningful meaning. "Canglang Poetry"? "On Poetry" said: "Poets also chant emotions. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, all people were interested and there was no trace to be found. Therefore, its beauty is thorough and exquisite, and it cannot be parked together, such as the voice in the air, the color in the phase, the moon in the water, and the image in the mirror. " Yan Yu's poetics advocates implication. Yan Yu believes that many of Li Bai's poems meet this standard, such as Five Poems of the Hengjiang River: "Before Tianjin officials greeted the Hengjiang Pavilion, they pointed to the east as a sea cloud rising. What does Jin Lang want to cross? Such a storm is not feasible. " Yan Yu commented: "Its meaning has been exhausted, but it is endless." This poem's fine taste of the phrase "such a storm" shows its metaphorical significance to the political situation at that time, so it has a moral, that is, it has infinite significance. He commented on "Difficult Travel in Shu": "A conclusion is infinite." Comment on two ancient poems? Since ancient times, there has been a great beauty: "Sighing the world is beyond words, which is really the feelings of the ancients." For another example, regarding "complaining", Yan Yu commented: "I have been complaining all the time, but there are many things I can't say, which makes people have nowhere to ask. It's so deep. " Deep, that is, graceful and profound words. As for "Chen Qing gives a friend", Yan Yu commented: "It is an ordinary thing. People who know its interests mean that they will feel forever." Refers to endless poetry.
"Canglang Poetry"? "The Law of Poetry" says: "Don't be blunt, shallow, revealing pulse, short taste, slow voice and rhyme, and urge." Therefore, the implication of the next word is also one of the means to make the whole poem endless. At this point, Yan Yu also made a detailed analysis of Li Bai's poems. "Antique? Yan Yu commented in the poem "Feng Xuan Becomes Taikoo": "Love this but not the other, but the word' Yi' is hearty and connotative, and its words are irreplaceable. "hearty" and "implicit" fully explain its aesthetic requirements of "avoiding straightness" In terms of terminology, Yan Yu commented on "Looking at Nanshan to send a song to a hermit": "Lu's poem' Eat if you can' is actually not so delicious." He thinks that Li Bai's Beauty is Hard to Name is obviously better than Lu Ji's, and the coinage has infinite significance.
Since the poem Sao, the poet has always paid attention to the comparison and sustenance of poetry. Poetry should be more meaningful and meaningful, so that readers can recite it repeatedly, which means "endless words and endless meanings" In his comments on Li Taibai's poems, Yan Yu also repeatedly emphasized the metaphor in Li Bai's poems. For example, "tweezers and white hair presented to Liu Yuanxiong Zong Lin in the Autumn Medicine Refinery": "Autumn is known when the wood falls, and cold is known when the ice is in the bottle. Guizhiqing, the snow is flying. " Yan Yu commented: "The hand is also endowed, and the prosperity is comparable." From the poem itself, the sentence "falling wood and ice in a bottle" is translated into Huainanzi: "You can know the twilight of a year when you see a leaf falling, and you can know the cold of the world when you see the ice in a bottle." It means you saw an opportunity. Guizhi Lingyun's sentence is a metaphor for people with talent and virtue to gain enlightenment in Qingyun. From this, we can know its traces. The rest, such as Yan Yu's comments on Yang Erru, Wu Ti Zang Huayang, Jun Zui Stay in My Home, and Fu Bi Xingxian; Comment on twelve ancient imitations? Moonlight can't be swept: "All emotions come from" 300 Articles "; Comment on "Recalling the Past and Visiting the County to Join the Army": "Sacaoqing" is blessed to see the waves in the suburbs. But it can also refer to waves, which is better than China, but only people can. " Poetry with metaphor can also have the effect of "endless words and endless meanings".
Second, the words are reasonable and interesting.
"Canglang Poetry"? Poetry Review: "Poetry has words and reason is interesting. People in the Southern Dynasties love words, but dislike reason. People in this dynasty were rational and morbid about interests; Tang people are still interested; The poems of the Han and Wei Dynasties are full of fun and no trace can be found. " The so-called meaning is temperament; Xing refers to imagery, that is to say, emotion is integrated into the scene in the handling of emotion and scene. On the theory of ci, Yan Yu put forward that "people in this dynasty are rational"; He also said, "Poetry has other interests and has nothing to do with reason." In fact, the reason why the words here take argument as poetry does not mean that Yan Yu is completely opposed to reasoning into poetry. He said: "However, if you don't study much and are poor in science, you can't be extremely diligent." That is to say, to achieve the perfection of poetry creation, we must take "poverty" as the premise. In dealing with the relationship between the two, Yan Yu pointed out: "The so-called people don't care about Tao and don't say anything, which is also above." It can be seen that Yan Yu's poetics advocates the unity of words and meanings and cannot be biased.
Li Bai's poems are typical of the beautiful scenery in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Yan Yu's comments on the scenes (or situations) in Li Bai's poems abound, such as "Looking for Fan Jushi and getting lost in the north of Lucheng, seeing Fan buying wine and picking xanthium": "Taking four sentences is far from the environment and close to the feelings, so it is interesting." This poem sets off the confusion of "the guest is not satisfied" with the scenery of "the wild goose is far away in autumn". The scenery is different and the method of taking pictures is unique. Another example is the comment on Autumn Willow as a Gift to Shaofu, which says, "In this good place, you can forget your worries and forget your old age, and that won't last long." Comment on "My Nephew in Senior Five" said: "If the feeling is true, it is a good poem. Artistic conception. " Comment on "Farewell to Zhang Sheren Jiangdong": "The third and fourth conditions are bleak, so we can look forward to it." Comment on the cloud "Shu Yun": "The ending is the most secluded and sentimental." Comment on "Looking for Judge Pan Li Peng Huang in Yangcheng": "Love is in the scene, and the scene is in the eye. Needless to say." Comment on the sentence "A peach in the east, a cigarette in the branches and leaves" in "A Message to Two Young Children at the East Foot": "It is common to send books, and it is easy to get rid of the worries of books." At the same time, Yan Yu also expounded Li Bai's writing methods, such as Song of the Plug? Yan Yu commented on the sentence "The window of autumn fireflies is full, and the frosty moon is late" in "White Horse with Gold Inserts": "The words" full "and" late "see the scenery."
Yan Yu believes that Li Bai's poems can achieve the perfect combination of ci theory and ci interest. For example, when Yan Yu commented on the sentence "Happiness on earth is always like this, and everything flows like water to the east" in "The Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu", he said: "Although the' world' is very alarming, as the Tang people said, it has no song spirit." "No Song Qi" refers to the disadvantages of Song people's reasoning in poetry. Another example is "Song of Princess Zhongshan": "One is expensive, the other is cheap, and it is not up to you." This sentence is obviously the language of discussion. But later, with a change of pen, he wrote: "Lotus is old and autumn frost, and I am ashamed of dust. "When Miracle entered the market, it was a sorrow for all ages." Explain the fate of upper-class women in a comparative way-either the beauty dies, or Mrs. Qi returns home dressed in gold. At the same time, the different situations of women also metaphor the uncertainty of officialdom, so much talk will lead to loss. Yan Yu immediately commented on this poem: "Being reasonable in love is unreasonable." Inference in Love embodies Yan Yu's poetics. He is not opposed to reasoning in poetry, but reasoning needs to be combined with emotional words, not just reasoning. For another example, comment on "Looking for Andy Jigong to do Zuo Qiu": "There is no disease in reasoning." Reason depends on emotion, and emotion depends on reason, which conforms to Yan Yu's requirement of the unity of word theory and meaning.
Third, vigorous and tragic true colors
"Cang Hua" says: "The poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty are magnificent and elegant. Servant refers to these four words, but you can comment on the words, and you can't use the word' sword' in poetry. If it is not the tragic language in the debate of poetry, you will get the style of poetry. " In Yan Yu's view, grandeur and vigor are not enough to describe the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but should be vigorous and tragic. He added: "The poems of the Great Tang Dynasty, like Yan's books, are bold in brushwork and magnificent in weather, which is different." In this way, the connotation of "prosperous Tang poetry" includes many aspects, such as majestic and tragic, vigorous brushwork and vigorous weather. Du Li should be the banner of the poetic style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Therefore, when commenting on Li Bai's poems, Yan Yu often uses words such as meteorology, boldness, boldness and grandeur. For example, commenting on the sentence "Looking for Andy to help the public and feel autumn" is called "Be bold". Comment on Humak Song of Youzhou: "Romantic and heroic." Comment on White Horse: "How magnificent." Comment on the sentence "Heaven is grey" in "Send the Wuwangshan Weiwan back to the Palace". As for "solemn and stirring", Yan Yu often takes melancholy and heroic as the standard. For example, his comment on "Ten Poems of the Emperor's Journey to Nanjing" said: "Every capital is a magnificent language in the depression, which is used by the ceremony." For another example, comment on "You Jingting sends Cui Shiyu": "Make a fortune every time after Xiao Suo." Comment on Du Lu Pian: "Because of sadness, the male is more angry." This is all about the "tragic" style of his poems.
"Canglang Poetry"? The poem comments: "The ancient poems of Han and Wei Dynasties are confusing and difficult to extract." There is another cloud: "Jian 'an's works are all meteorological, and no branches and leaves can be taken." Yan Yu also judged Li Bai's poems as "difficult to extract sentences". Specific to the creation of Li Bai's poems and songs, "Cang Hua? The poem commented: "Taibai is talented and extravagant, and he who talks a lot becomes a success." Most of Taibai's poems are natural and difficult to connect. Yan Yu commented on Li Bai's poem "Into the Wine": "If you are affectionate, you can't admire words. It's too white to cover other people's poems with a pen, and it's not bad to spray them with your chest. " "A spray on the chest", its luxury can be imagined; "Going to lofty sentiments" means that the weather is stuck between heaven and earth. For another example, the commentary of "To Xinping Teenager" said: "Taibai's poems are so ingenious that they cannot but be scrutinized, which can make the readers ugly. "It's all because of its meteorological chaos.