"Original"
Poetry about the demise of the country
Author: Mrs. Hua Rui
The flag was hung on the city, and my concubine learned it in the palace?
One hundred and forty thousand people were disarmed, and none of them were men!
"translation"
A white flag was erected on the queen's building of Shu, and I was stuck in this deserted palace. Where did you know that?
One hundred and forty thousand sergeants laid down their weapons and surrendered together. None of these people really defend their country!
[Notes]
Concubine: Mrs. Hua Rui calls herself.
Disarmament: Disarmament means surrender.
That's all: one is "better not"
"Create background"
The exact writing time of this poem is unknown. Fei (surnamed Xu), a native of Qingcheng (now Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province), was blessed by Meng Changjun, the late master of Shu, and worshipped the imperial concubine and Mrs. posthumous title Huarui. She once imitated Wang Jian and wrote hundreds of palace poems, which were praised by people at that time. After Shu Mengping was settled, he was exiled to Song Dynasty. Song Taizu had already heard the name of her poem and called her Chen Shi. Xu recited the poem "Reasons for National subjugation".
Appreciation of whole poem
The first sentence of this poem narrates the fact that Shu was captured by the Song Dynasty, and the second sentence deepens the poem, and also shows the inner activities of Gong Fei and her views on the demise of Shu. The third sentence specifically tells the horror of Shu's surrender. The fourth sentence rebukes Shu's incompetence by asking questions and satirizing it, and also ridicules the ugly behavior of civil and military officials who are willing to be prisoners, thus showing the princess's patriotism and ambition to serve the country.
This poem goes straight to the story of the country's demise: "The king's city has raised a flag." According to historical records, the monarchs and subjects of Shu were extremely extravagant and dissolute. When Song Jun was besieged, Meng Changjun felt helpless and humiliated and surrendered. The poem only says "flags are flown at half mast", and the wording is implicit. The next language is only three points, but it is meaningful and intriguing.
"I learned it in the palace" is purely spoken, but the meaning is very subtle. Generally speaking, there are two meanings: First, the poems and essays that complained about the country's death in past dynasties mostly held the theory that "women are a disaster for the country's death", such as complaining about the death of da ji's business and Wu's death. And this poem is like a self-defense of "the disaster of national subjugation". The language seems to sigh lightly, but the wording is slightly graceful and meaningful. Secondly, to say the least, it is useless to surrender without the "concubine" in time. A weak woman can't have the power to turn the tide. However, after all, "I learned" that Yun Yun also expressed a sense of shame, which is different from the "boy" who is willing to be a prisoner. This leaves room for the next atrocities.
The third sentence takes care of the first sentence "raising the flag" and depicts the surrender scene of the Shu army "140,000 people disarming together". The history shows that there were only tens of thousands of people in Song Jun at that time, but there were "140,000 people" in Houshu. With several times the strength of the enemy, even in the face of a strong enemy, there is no reason to die. However, Shu Meng, who has always been addicted to pleasure, was demoralized and frightened, and finally staged an ugly drama in which many people became widows. "140,000 people" did not have a martyr, they did not have the slightest masculinity. Of course, their language is a little exaggerated, but it effectively writes a woman's shame and indignation: shame lies in dying without fighting.
At this point, the author's feelings of shame, anger and pain have been fully brewed, so a hot curse broke out: "No one is a man!" " "The contrast between No More and 140,000 People is soul-stirring." Poetry can complain "is actually more than resentment. Here is already "laughing and cursing, everything has become an article."
This poem is written with great passion, showing the pain of national subjugation and the deep feelings for those who wronged the country; It is full of personality, showing a lively and personalized female image. The poet called women men, more powerful and more distinctive. As far as the whole poem is concerned, the first three sentences are euphemistic and implicit. Although pungent and euphemistic, it is not as good as those who are not blindly exposed and lack emotion.
"Introduction to the author"
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there were several women named Mrs. Hua Rui, who were not only beautiful in appearance, but also good at poetry and fu, and versatile. Most of their deeds are scattered in various historical books from the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty. Because they live in the same era and are both called Mrs. Hua Rui, there are still many doubts about their identity and deeds. There are more than 65,438+000 poems about Madame Huarui Palace handed down from generation to generation, of which more than 90 are reliable. One of the volumes of poetry (Volume 798 of Complete Tang Poetry) is Meng's, but there is a sentence in the poem "Zhongyuan Festival in Fayuan Temple is also the birthday of the housekeeper". The Mid-Autumn Festival is the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, which is the birthday of Wang Yan and Meng Changjun.