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Expression is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expressions. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques. There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric. "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking and high-ranking people whose sincere faces will never be seen?" Is to express one's thoughts directly. Indirect lyricism can be divided into borrowing scenery to express feelings, such as "chilling and wailing, pavilion at night, shower at first"; Expressing one's will by holding objects, such as Mo Mei and Yin, are generally poems about objects; Keep things in mind, such as "half an acre of square pond is open, and the sky is * * *. The question channel is so clear that it is generally a philosophical poem, because there is running water at the source. Descriptive techniques mainly include: (1) contrast, positive contrast and negative contrast. Just like "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun". This contrast is also dynamic and static, such as "moonlight in pine forest, crystal stone in stream"; The sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the bird, when it flows in spring"; Sad emotions are set off by happy scenes, such as "green grass stains the steps in spring and birds sing happily under the leaves" (2) Lenovo and imagination, also known as the combination of reality and reality, such as "wild flowers stay rare, green grass sees clothes." "(3) comparison. (4) draw a line. For example, "if you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10 thousand seeds in autumn." "There is no idle field in the field, and the farmers are starving." The rhetorical device that often appears in ancient poetry: (1) Bi Xing. Such as "Guan Guan Luo Yu, in Hezhou. My fair lady, a gentleman is good. " Let's talk about what else caused what was sung. (2) metaphor. (3) personification. (4) exaggeration. ⑤ Pun. For example, "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny", and "sunny" means emotional "affection". (6) allusions. For example, "merchant girls don't know how to hate national subjugation, but they still sing" * * * flowers "to cross the river. In addition, there are rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, irony and so on.
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Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings. ?
Writing techniques belong to artistic expression techniques [that is, artistic techniques and expression techniques, including expression techniques (skills)], which are commonly used: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, personification, suspense, care, association, imagination, combination of suppression, combination of point and surface, combination of static and dynamic, combination of narration and discussion, blending of scenes, comparison and contrast, bedding, expressing meaning with objects and describing details. Expression is common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression). Rhetoric is a concrete sentence pattern. In NMET, there are eight common rhetorical methods: metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions. 1. Metaphor: The structure of metaphor is generally composed of ontology, vehicle and figurative words. The ontology and vehicle of metaphor must be different things, but they are similar. Using metaphor can turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple and abstract into concrete. 2. Analogy: including personification and imitation. Personification is to describe things as adults and give them human emotions, will, actions, etc. Imitation is to describe people as things, or to describe this thing as another thing. Using analogy can make people or things colorful and vivid. 3. Metonymy: replacing noumenon with body. It doesn't directly say the person or thing it wants to express, but uses related things instead. It can replace the whole with parts, the ontology with features, and the class name with proper names. For example, in medicine, replacing words with "white beard" means replacing noumenon with features. Metaphor requires similarity between ontology and vehicle, while metonymy requires similarity between borrowing and ontology. Metonymy can express concrete images. 4. Exaggeration: including reasonable exaggeration or reduction of things. Lu Xun wrote in Medicine: ... eyes are like two knives, cutting the old bolt in half. "The last sentence used the exaggeration of" narrowing ". Exaggeration should be reasonable, its function is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association, inspire people and enhance the expression effect. 5. Duality: commonly known as "antithesis", it is called "antithesis" in poetry. Duality can be divided into wide pair and strict pair. Generally speaking, the number of words, relative parts of speech, structure and related meanings of the upper and lower sentences should be the same; It can be a phrase or a sentence. There are positive, negative and flowing equivalent types. Use duality, neat sentences, concise expression and lyricism. 6. Parallelism: It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone. Its function is to strengthen tone, content and emotion. 7. Ask questions: Ask questions without doubt, attract attention in self-questioning and self-answering, and inspire people to think. 8. rhetorical question: there is no doubt, but the answer lies in the problem, that is, the negative meaning is expressed in a positive form, and the positive meaning is expressed in a negative form. Broadly speaking, strengthening the expression of mood and emotion is also a special sentence organization used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. By analyzing a work, we can grasp its special performance from point to surface. First, there are many rhetorical skills of words and sentences, including metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, contrast, personification, allusions and so on. When grasping the expression of the works as a whole, we should pay attention to the works of different styles: edit the expressions of different styles in this paragraph? The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence with symbolism and so on. ? Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc. ? Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, and analogical reasoning. ? Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing. Edit the specific expression of this paragraph? Expressing ambition with objects, lyrical narration with scenery, lyrical expression, contrast, symbolic imagination, and association with Zhang Xianzhi? Taking care of the feelings in the scenery, setting off the images, inspiring the spirit, setting off the sadness with music, rendering the reality with profile description, and describing the direct and indirect lyricism suppressed the editing of this poem? There are many ways to express poetry. The traditional way of expression that was first popular in China and is still often used today is "Fu, Bi and Xing". "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance and the sixth is fu." ? In the six meanings, "style, elegance and praise" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expressions in poems. ? Fu: It is a way to express things directly. Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the Notes on Poems: "The giver must tell the truth." For example, Ge Tan and Slug in The Book of Songs used this technique. ? Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing": "And what is Bi Ye? Cover things with attachments and threaten to cut them off. " Zhu said, "If you compare, you can compare this thing with another." For example, books in The Book of Songs, such as Cats and Storytelling, are written in this way. ? Xing: It's a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius said in "Mao Shi Zheng Yi": "Those who get the Tao are happy. Take the metaphor as an example. Those who quote plants, birds and beasts in poetry and prose are happy. " Zhu pointed out more clearly: "If you are interested, you should say something else first to arouse the words you are reciting." For example, Guan Ju and other articles in The Book of Songs used the expression of "Xing". ? These three methods of expression have been handed down all the time, and they are often used comprehensively and complement each other, which has a great influence on poetry creation in past dynasties. ? There are many forms of expression of poetry, which are constantly developing and creating since ancient times, and their application is also flexible, exaggerated, repetitive, overlapping, jumping and so on. It's hard to describe. However, all methods are inseparable from imagination. Rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also the most important form of expression of poetry. In poetry, there is also an important technique of expression, which is symbol. Symbol simply means "symbolic meaning", but in modern poetry, symbol is the direct image of the soul and should be paid attention to. From a modern point of view, there are three main ways to shape images in poetry: 1, analogy. Liu Xie said in the book Wen Xin Diao Long: Metaphor is "either a sound metaphor, a figurative metaphor, a mental metaphor or a metaphor." There are many examples in the poems we listed before. There is also a more commonly used technique, that is, "personification": personification with things or personification with people. The former is like Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge: I left gently/just as I came gently; /I waved gently,/saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky. /the golden willow by the river,/the bride in the sunset; /Beautiful shadows in the waves,/rippling in my heart. Treat "clouds" and "golden willows" as people. People imitate things, for example, Love's Because of the Wind: ... My heart/as bright as the candlelight in your window/slightly ambiguous/inevitable/because of the wind/... with the love of my life/light a lamp/I am a fire/may go out at any time/because of the wind. Compare "my heart" to candlelight, and compare me to a lamp. Of course, in the final analysis, the essence is "personification". ? 2. exaggeration. It is to enlarge the things to be described, just like the "capitalization" and "close-up" shots in the movie, to attract readers' attention and association. Li Bai's Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, so it is not as good as Wang Lun (for Wang Lun), and it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days (Looking at Lushan Waterfall), in which "deep thousands of feet" and "three thousands of feet" are mentioned. Although it is not true, the image he created vividly shows the characteristics of things and expresses the poet's * *. However, this exaggeration must be artistic and aesthetic, not too absurd, not too real, and not too vulgar. For example, there is a poem describing the harvest of cotton: "A bag of cotton is wrapped/the truck head is tilted/tilted, three feet high/like an anti-aircraft gun." After reading it, people feel unreal and can't feel good. ? 3. Metonymy. Is to replace that thing with this thing. Similar to analogy, but different. The difference lies in: analogy is generally compared, and comparison is concrete and visible; Metonymy is concrete on the one hand and abstract on the other, which bridges the gap between concrete and abstract, makes the image of poetry more vivid and prominent, and arouses readers' association. This is what Ai Qing said, "Put wings on your thoughts, put clothes on your feelings, color your voice, and let the dead solidify." ? To shape the image of poetry, we should not only use the materials taken from perspective to describe the picture, but also use the materials obtained from the senses such as hearing and touch to reflect the image in many ways, so as to be vivid and novel. Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, rode on a donkey and sang "Birds by the pool stay in the trees, and monks push the door down on the moon", but he also thought that "monks knock on the door down on the moon" could be used. He couldn't decide whether to "push" or "knock", so he made a consultation with his hand. Unexpectedly, the donkey blocked a big official's way. This man is Han Yu, a great writer. When the guards led Jia Dao to the horse, Jia told the truth. Han hesitated for a long time and said it was better to knock at the door. Because there is a "knock" sound, there are one or two knocks on the door on the moonlit night in the mountains, which makes the scene "live" and makes the environment more silent. "Wuti" and "Zhong" beside Fengqiao Bridge are also the crowning touch of this poem. There is also the music description in Bai Juyi's Pipa, which is "like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade". It is very vivid and wonderful! Modern, such as Huang Helang's "Morning Song": "There is also a stubborn listening/wind, rain, waves/faint/dawn/morning bell of Lingquan Temple/like a gushing spring/distant response/faint knocking down/a few sparse stars/cock crowing/as if crossing the ocean/cock crowing/like the tide. This poem is also well written. Therefore, if we master the skills of creating images with sound, it will open up a broader field for poetry creation. ? Whether it is metaphor, exaggeration or metonymy, it depends on the poet's keen observation of objective things, his own feelings, bold imagination and even fantasy. It can be said that neither romance nor reality is a poet without imagination (fantasy). For example, Li Bai, who is famous for his boldness, has rich imagination and magnificent poetic style, while Du Fu, who is famous for his realism, also wrote, "When did you suddenly see this house in front of you?" ("The thatched cottage was broken by the autumn wind") and "Clouds are fragrant and foggy, jade shoulders are cold and there is a moon. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? . "(Moonlit Night) and so on. There are four ways of expression: narration, discussion, description and lyricism, and the methods of expression are Fu, Bi and Xing. There are three levels (1) of rhetorical methods for expressing skills. Examples: metaphor, personification, rhetorical question, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, setting off, allusions, adaptation, intertextuality, repetition, etc. (2) Expression methods and techniques. Examples: narration, discussion, description and lyricism; (3) Text structure. For example, the first sentence, aim at the target, cut to the chase, have a theme in mind, have emotions in the scene, have a proper total score, take the small as the big, have levels and depth, and have transitional care and bedding.