When speaking or writing, two words or two groups of sentences with the same number of words, the same structure and syntax, and the same content are arranged in pairs, which is called "duality". Also known as "Li Ci" and "Li Jia".
The function of duality is to present a kind of neat and symmetrical beauty. Many people and things are naturally paired, and the characteristics of Chinese are just suitable for this symmetrical law. Li Ci: "Naturally formed, support must be double, rational use, things are not alone. Husband has something to say in his heart and has to worry about it. A natural couple. " That is to say, it is almost natural to directly state the principle of duality. The formal structure of dual rhetoric is neat, which can give people a balanced aesthetic feeling; Its phonology is harmonious, its rhythm is distinct, and it is easy to read and remember. However, pairs of opposite words and sentences can complement each other and strengthen the concept of synonyms; Or we can reveal the contradiction of things through the dialectics of opposites, which makes the truth expressed more profound or accurate and helps to enrich the content.
Dual rhetoric must abide by three basic principles: neat and exquisite form, round and profound meaning and natural equivalence. The neatness of form refers to the principle of meticulous carving, equal number of words, relative parts of speech, even opposition without hindering artistic conception; If something is round, dense and far away, it is aimed at the content. We should make good use of the particularity of dual form, concentrate and summarize the same or relative content, and reveal it vividly, while avoiding the intention of crossing hands can highlight the ingenious theme and lofty artistic conception; Natural pairing refers to striving for the consistency of the meaning of contextual sentences, the natural integration of content and form, and giving up the symmetry of barely pieced sentences. The application of dual rhetoric plays a significant role in enhancing the aesthetic feeling of formal art, but if you can't have wonderful content at the same time, the portrayal of dual characters is not desirable, which is also a point that can not be ignored when using dual rhetoric.
Second, the classification and examples of duality
There are many ways of duality, but according to different sentence patterns, it can be divided into four categories: time pair, single pair, even pair and long even pair.
1. Sentence pair: Also known as "sentence pair", it refers to a rhetorical way in which the upper and lower words are dual in the same sentence. For example, the following:
(1) "Curtain face is the main tool of flattery, and it is indispensable for a certain kind of people." Liang Shiqiu's Facebook
(2), "Ordinary people are noble, loyal to their voices, suffering from their own opinions, calling themselves sages." Cao Pi's Classical Prose
(3) "Yu District is in a dilapidated house, and it is said that there are wonders." Gui Youguang's Chronicle of Ji Xiang Xuanzhi
(4), "Professor Rehnova is hoarse in class, and sometimes he plays the fool." Yang Mu's Berkeley Spirit
(5), "It turns out that colorful flowers are everywhere, and it seems that they are all paid for broken wells. Which day is beautiful, who is happy! " Tang Xianzu's "Garden Visit"
2. Single sentence pair: that is, "single sentence pair" refers to the dual mode of upper and lower simple sentences, with the same number of words, relative parts of speech and even level. For example, the following:
(1) "The grass is delicious and the English is colorful." Peach Blossom Garden in Tao Qian
(2) "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor." Wang Bo "sent Du Shaofu as Zhou Shu"
(3) "Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward." Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain
(4), "Baiping Ferry is on the bank of the Yellow River, and the green Di Yang Red Polygonum Beach. Although not neck and neck, some friends forgot their machines. " Bai Pu's "East Wind Drunk"
3. Even pair: also known as "sentence pair" and "complex sentence pair", it refers to two pairs of sentences, the first sentence is opposite to the third sentence, and the second sentence is opposite to the fourth sentence. For example, the following:
(1) "Fishing by the stream is rich in fish; Brewing springs is wine, springs are incense and wine bottles. " Ouyang Xiu's Drunk Pavilion
(2), "Lead to wear such a decoration, born in Shuzi before the plate; Literary talent is so decorated that it is argued with emotion. " Liu Xie's Love
(3), "the world is cloudy, why not spit its mud and make waves? Everyone is drunk, why don't you feed them and lick them? " Qu yuan's fisherman
4. Long even pair: also known as "long even", refers to the dual mode of six sentences with more than three pairs, odd sentences with odd sentences and even spouse sentences. For example, the following:
(1), "Pei sat, bare tools of Gancheng. Can you give Sun Chen some help? "I am a big crown, I am a gentleman for a long time. I am proud of this temple. Can I set up a business in Gao Yi? "Liu Ji's" Orange Jun's Words "
(2), "the opening of the ages has never been strange, and the wilderness left this mountain river as the boundary of the adherents. There is no such thing as a lifetime, and the shortcomings are still in the world. Is a perfect person. " Shen Baozhen's Title "Wang Cilian of Yanping County"
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