Geographically, Lingnan culture can be divided into three parts: Guangdong culture, Guangxi culture and Hainan culture.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the three cultures of Lingnan merged with each other, and Lingnan culture really had its own independent style and spirit, which was different from the southern culture. After the formation of Lingnan culture, it developed in an all-round way in politics, philosophy, scholarship, art, economy, craft and life, and reached its peak in the late Qing Dynasty.
Since modern times, Lingnan has become an important bridge for cultural exchanges between China and the West, and various cultural thoughts are intertwined into colorful pictures. Lingnan culture has become the forerunner of China's political, ideological and cultural revolution and development. From Hong Xiuquan's jintian uprising, Kang Liang's political reform, He Ziyuan's educational innovation to the democratic revolution led by Sun Yat-sen, Lingnan culture has always been an important representative and leading force of China's modern political revolution. The essence of Lingnan cultural spirit in this period is fighting spirit, revolutionary spirit and innovative spirit.
Since then, the founding of New China, reform and opening up, and rapid economic development have provided conditions for the revival of China's local culture. In 1970s and 1980s, Guangdong entered the new culture period, and the soaring economy combined with Lingnan-style Cantonese culture and lifestyle formed the modern stage of Lingnan culture.
As one of the centers of Lingnan culture, Guangzhou has a long history. From 4000 to 5000 years ago in the Neolithic Age, there was Baiyue culture before the city was built, and there was the integration of Chinese and Vietnamese cultures and the integration of Chinese and Western cultures after the city was built. Constantly formed its own unique style and distinctive regional cultural characteristics. From archaeological relics to documentary records, from historic site culture, architectural culture, folk culture, garden culture, commercial culture, religious culture to various cultures and arts, there is an open humanistic consciousness, especially innovative consciousness, commercial consciousness, pragmatic consciousness and civilian consciousness, which embodies Guangzhou people's ideas of openness, compatibility and reform. Traditional culture and arts, from Cantonese, Cantonese opera, Guangdong music, Guangdong Quyi, Lingnan calligraphy, Lingnan painting school, Lingnan poetry, Lingnan architecture, Lingnan bonsai and Lingnan crafts to Lingnan folk customs and Lingnan food culture, all reflect the rich connotation and unique and colorful local characteristics of Lingnan culture. Although it started in the history of Lingnan civilization, Shaoguan in northern Guangdong and Chaoshan in eastern Guangdong benefited from the southward migration of Jiangxi School and the westward advancement of Fujian's academics, and were once the cultural centers of Guangdong in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Gaozhou area in western Guangdong was once the political center of Sui and Tang Dynasties, but from the Ming Dynasty, Guangzhou, as the capital of Guangdong, like other provinces, began to establish its position as a political, economic and cultural center that other governments could not shake.
Cultural composition
Modern Lingnan culture is deeply influenced by Hong Kong culture. Lingnan culture in a broad sense originally included Hong Kong, but due to historical and political reasons, our concept of Lingnan culture basically retreated from the Pearl River Basin and the Han River Basin. Therefore, it is easier for Guangdong and Hong Kong to achieve cultural harmony and form isomorphism. Therefore, investigating the modernity of Lingnan culture is inseparable from the understanding of Hong Kong. The rise of Hong Kong in the 1960s and 1970s made Hong Kong culture a high-level culture in the eyes of Cantonese who valued "reality". At the same time, Hong Kong's outstanding economic characteristics and hedonism in cultural character have also deeply influenced Guangdong.
food culture
Lingnan food culture is a remarkable flower in the garden of Lingnan culture. She was conceived and cultivated by the unique geographical and climatic environment in Lingnan, and nourished by the nutrients of Chinese and foreign food culture. It was formed with the social, economic and cultural development of Lingnan, with strong local characteristics. Since ancient times, some foreigners who went to Lingnan as officials have become interested in Lingnan's unique eating habits, which are recorded in the poems of Guangzhou Sima Liu Yao when he was in Tang Zhaozong and the poems of Han Yu and Su Dongpo who were exiled to Lingnan. After entering the Qing Dynasty, this description can be seen in more works, such as Qu Dajun's Guangdong Newspeak, Fan Duan 'ang's Experience in Central Guangdong, Zhang Qu's Lu Wenjian and Weng Huidong's Chaozhou Tea Classic. , are important materials of Lingnan food culture.
Lingnan is backed by the Five Mountains, facing the South China Sea, with mountains and mountains, a coastline of 3,368 kilometers, and a vast water network in the Pearl River Delta and Hanjiang Delta. Therefore, mild climate, long sunshine time and abundant rainfall are very beneficial to the development of agriculture and aquaculture. Lingnan area is rich in hunting, farming and fishing. Delicacies such as delicacies, delicacies, vegetables and fruits provide a rich material foundation for the development of Lingnan food culture. Lingnan food culture is produced and developed in the blending of Lingnan agricultural culture and marine culture.
Tea drinking culture
Drinking tea is called "drinking tea" in Cantonese, and Guangzhou people love "drinking tea". Tea culture is both a folk culture and a food culture. It is said that when Emperor Qing Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River to Guangzhou, he took his personal bodyguard to the teahouse to have morning tea. Mao Zedong has a poem "I can't forget drinking tea in Guangdong". In Guangzhou, it has become a courtesy for people to treat each other with tea. If the guests arrive, the first thing to do is to offer a cup of "beautiful tea", and the first sentence is "please have tea" to show the host's enthusiasm, friendliness and courtesy. Due to the value orientation of "attaching importance to business" in Lingnan since ancient times, "drinking tea" has also moved from family to market, which makes the tea culture in Guangzhou integrate ornamental value, experience value, service value and commodity value. In a sense, drinking tea has gone beyond the category of "tea" and become a social way. Drinking tea constitutes a distinctive feature that distinguishes Lingnan culture from other cultures.
Kung Fu Tea: The Grand View of unofficial history in Qing Dynasty said: "When it comes to making tea in China, Tingzhi, Zhang Quan and Chaoshan Kung Fu teas in Guangdong are the most important."
Transmission routing
Chinese culture is still the mother culture and the root of overseas Chinese. Create a brand of Lingnan culture, spread Lingnan culture, and let Lingnan culture closely link the fate of overseas Chinese living in Guangdong with that of China.
Path 1: Spread through the Overseas Chinese Hometown Association. Through the ties linking overseas Chinese, such as the association of overseas Chinese in Guangdong, the Lingnan cultural concept is infiltrated, and cultural contents with strong local characteristics, such as architecture, gardens, opera music, arts and crafts, folk festivals, religious culture, food culture, language culture and hometown culture, are regularly discussed and exchanged.
Route 2: spread through embassies abroad. Print the atlas of architecture, gardens, opera music, arts and crafts, folk festivals, religious culture, food culture, language culture and hometown culture related to Lingnan cultural system, and make use of opportunities such as domestic traditional festivals and hometown investment fairs to distribute and give them to overseas Chinese through embassies abroad.
Path 3: With the help of Confucius? Spread. The Confucius Institute, which focuses on Chinese teaching, has settled in more than 350 educational institutions in 106 countries, with more than 500 Confucius classrooms in primary and secondary schools, becoming a global brand and platform for promoting Chinese teaching and spreading China culture and Chinese studies. It can be said that the Confucius Institute is also the place where Chinese and overseas Chinese in Guangdong gather the most. With the help of Confucius Institute, we spread the knowledge related to Lingnan cultural system, such as architecture, gardens, opera music, arts and crafts, folk festivals, religious culture, food culture, language culture, overseas Chinese culture, etc., so that locals and foreigners who are new to Chinese can appreciate the profoundness of China traditional culture and the rich local characteristics of Lingnan culture, which has far-reaching influence.
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