Principles and artistic features of western flower arrangement
Western flower arrangement pays attention to geometric modeling. Here, its principles and artistic features are discussed from four aspects: balance, harmony, rhythm and artistic conception:
(1) Balance
Balance is the sense of stability of a work, which can be divided into symmetrical balance and asymmetrical balance. Because western flower arrangement is a regular geometric composition, the balance problem is easy to solve. The common methods to achieve balance are:
1. Distribute the main tone flowers symmetrically and evenly on the whole composition to achieve a balanced effect;
2. The flowers with large flowers, deep colors, dense arrangement and thick texture are used in the center of the composition, and the flowers used in the edges are opposite to those in the center, thus highlighting the theme and center of gravity and achieving a balanced composition.
Due to the large amount of flower materials used in western flower arrangement, it is easy to form top-heavy and lose balance. Therefore, wide-mouth containers with large volume and heavy texture, such as ceramics and metal materials, are often used. Large pile flower arrangement and table flower arrangement often use several large flowers in the middle and lower parts or some filiform, spike-shaped leaves and other appendages (such as conifers and cypresses) at the base. Use the natural and elegant appendages to highlight the key points and achieve a balanced and stable effect.
(II) Harmony
Harmony has both contrast and change, giving people a sense of harmony and unity. The harmony of flower arrangement includes flower materials, flower materials and flower devices, works and environment, etc. This paper mainly discusses the harmony between flower materials. The main factors that affect the harmony of flower materials are shape and color, among which color is the main method, mainly in the following four ways:
1. Using the same flower material with the same color, the color has not changed much, only the shape and size have changed, and there is no contrast, which naturally achieves harmony.
2. The materials with similar hue and hue are changed or similar in shape, such as red and pink, which are naturally harmonious in color. It is often solved by the relative concentration and gradual transition of the same flower.
3, the same shape, the use of contrast colors, such as red and white, green and red, yellow and purple. For example, the flowers of two colors are relatively evenly arranged in the composition, or one color is relatively concentrated, for example, bright yellow is concentrated in the middle and gradually transitions to purple, so that the two colors can be harmonized in contrast.
4. The color and shape of flower materials have changed greatly, which often occurs in large pile flower arrangement. This kind of works adopts the method of harmony: firstly, the larger flowers with harmonious shape and hue are the main body, and the number is dominant. When it is inserted, it occupies the main position and is distributed in all parts of the composition, and then it is reconciled with white. Borrowing ribbons, gold and silver containers also help to reconcile.
(3) Rhythm
Rhythm means organized and rhythmic changes, mainly changes in shape and color. Western flower arrangement (especially large pile flower arrangement) works should have a number of main flowers (focus flowers) in both shape and color, and then they should be matched with 2 or 3 grade flowers (line flowers) and ingredients (supplementary flowers). The patchwork and well-defined one-by-one insertion system reflects the rhythm of moving in silence and distinguishing primary and secondary.
(4) artistic conception
Western flower arrangement directly and enthusiastically expresses people's emotional world. For example, carnation is used on Mother's Day, lilies are used on Easter, red roses are used to express love, laurel branches represent victory, and olive branches represent peace and equality. At Christmas, people like to use poinsettia as the main flower, with green pine branches, Hollyleaf, white carnation and red fruits, reflecting the fiery and cheerful atmosphere of Christmas.
Generally speaking, there are two schools of western painting art. One is realism or figurative school. The way to know and grasp nature is purely objective and always runs through the scientific spirit. The painter's method of observing and studying nature is mainly sketching the scenery. The object, light source, environment and viewpoint are required to be fixed, that is, the position and viewpoint of the objective scenery can only be selected when creating, and it must not be moved casually on the screen, in order to reproduce the objective world of three-dimensional space scientifically and accurately in strict accordance with the principles of physics and optics, and the accuracy of applying and embodying the principles of perspective, anatomy and brilliance is regarded as an important measure of artistic quality. Therefore, the painter's kung fu is used on the objects and light and shadow that the eyes can see, and it is not allowed to increase any individual's thoughts and imagination. With the development of science and technology, there have appeared contents and painting schools that show X-ray, infrared spectrum, light speed, laser lighting effect, etc., which are invisible to the naked eye, in order to further reflect the latest achievements of science and technology from the picture. The second is abstraction. Western art has always gone to extremes. After artists are tired of concrete realism, from the impressionism, in just a few decades, some people have changed from this extreme of concreteness to the other extreme. Abstract school is just the opposite of realistic school which strictly reproduces objective images. The creative method is to deform natural images, pursue abstract decorative and visual effects, or express personal subjective thought experience, even subconscious, subconscious and various secret psychology with the abstract combination of light color and geometry. With the creation method of exaggeration and deformation becoming more and more extreme, some people even throw away their brushes and start installation art and performance art. The avant-garde advertised by some western modernism and post-modernism is actually far away from reality, rebelling against all traditional culture and moral concepts, and increasingly tending to morbid self-expression, which has caused great interference and destruction to the normal artistic development, and is bound to be difficult to arouse the audience's * * * and unacceptable to the broad masses of the people.
Painting shows a colorful world, just like taking people to a wide Yuan Ye embroidered with flowers and green. In a painting, all kinds of lines are like the melody of nature, like the music and dance of invisible people, more like the invisible spring breeze, which makes the colors of life soar, such as the rhythm of music and poetry. In the creation of painting, China tradition has always admired those cultural people who do not take painting as a special occupation, but are good at painting. A painter known as a literati painter should be a man with cultural accomplishment and painting skills at the same time. Therefore, the highest value of painting art is hidden in the artist's utilitarian motivation. Painting is originally a kind of touching from the heart, which dominates the generation of images, making the colors, lines, textures, structures and spaces on the screen resonate with each other, with the painter's mind, and then with the viewer's mind. As a result, a kind of painting, which was summarized by China's sages as "the unity of man and nature"-pure painting. There is always a reason for a person to start painting. He shows his attitude, objects or lyricism to the things around him, writes what he sees in a specific space, and leaves the figure of objects on the screen. It may even be an unconscious imitation. Between the pen and ink, it reflects and stacks the thoughts leading to life and the feelings leading to all things in nature. The state of trance, the freedom of association, and the ecstasy are all carried out on the edge of consciousness. The melodic movements of lines and surfaces are not easy to predict, and sometimes there are surprises and jumps, all of which are in line with the heart rhythm. Finally, with the help of God, they get unexpected echoes, which become the solidification of life in various color chapters and impact the hearts of every viewer.
Chinese paintings are often only a few strokes, but there are too many things you can read from this picture. So, as Professor Yu said just now, in China's paintings, we mean the real China paintings, and the China paintings with the charm of China culture. You can really read the essence of all oriental cultures and arts.