Boundless falling wood (3) rustles (4), and I watch the long river always roll forward.
Wanli (5) is a frequent visitor to sad autumn, but he comes on stage alone once in a hundred years.
Bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter, bitter. ① Zhu: A small piece of land in the water.
② Birds fly back: Birds fly and hover (in strong wind). Turn back
(3) Falling wood: refers to falling leaves in autumn.
④ Rustle: simulating the sound of vegetation falling.
⑤ Wan Li: refers to being far away from home.
6 centenarians: this refers to old age.
⑦ Difficulties: It also refers to national luck and one's own destiny.
8 Bitterness: What a pity. Bitter, extreme
9 Temples: thick white frosty temples.
Attending down and out: depression, frustration.
1 1 new stop: just stopped. Du Fu gave up drinking due to illness in his later years, so he called it a "new stop".
Turbid wine glass: Turbid wine glass means that Du Fu was living in poverty at that time and could only drink inferior wine, which is different from Li Bai's drinking jade cup wine. Can highlight the desolation of old age. The wind is urgent and the sky is high, and the birds are hovering on the river with clear water and white sand, which is very sad.
Endless trees rustling leaves, endless Yangtze River water rolling in.
Sad to autumn, I feel that Wan Li has been wandering all the year round and has been sick all his life. Today, he is alone on the high platform.
After a lot of hardships, white hair covers the temples, and poverty hangs a cup of sorrow. This poem was written in the autumn of 767 in Dali, Tang Daizong. At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other. Du Fu entered the Yanwu shogunate; However, Yanwu died soon. He lost his dependence and had to leave Chengdu and go south to Kuizhou. At this time, Du Fu was 56 years old, living in distress and suffering from illness. This poem depicts the scene of the river in late autumn and expresses the poet's feelings about the difficult life experience through what he saw, heard and felt when climbing the mountain. The artistic conception is deep and implicit; Passionate and touching. Known as "the first of the seven laws of ancient and modern times."
The first four sentences are about autumn scenery by the river. The first couple started with "wide sky and high winds, apes singing and birds returning, blue lake and white sand", which was the first sight the poet saw when climbing the mountain. The sky is high and the wind is urgent, the autumn wind is cold, and the apes cry, which is very bleak; Qingjiangzhou, the sandy shore is white, and the gulls return to Xiang at low altitude. Strong winds, white sands, small continents, whistling apes and birds form a sad picture of autumn scenery, which sets the tone for the "sad autumn" in the poem. Looking up, Jiangtian was originally open, but the poet's words strongly felt the sadness of the wind, the mourning of apes and the dancing of birds, all shrouded in a thick atmosphere of "sad autumn", as if everything was afraid of the arrival of autumn. The word "the wind is urgent" has an extraordinary, majestic and majestic sentence; The ape cries and moans greatly exaggerates the atmosphere of "sorrowful autumn", which means "the empty valley spreads, and sorrow and joy turn into leisurely". Carefully taste, the first 14 words are nominal and concise; Words were used, and magic axes and ghost chisels reached the realm of magic and namelessness. The famous sentence "Leaves fall like waterfalls, but I think the long river always rolls forward" through the ages describes the solemn, bleak and vast scene of autumn, which embodies the typical characteristics of "sad autumn". Where the poet climbed, he looked up, and the leaves fell, boundless, and rustled; Looking down, the Yangtze River is endless, surging and rolling. This couplet, with a combination of looking up and looking down, is quite sparse. "boundless" magnifies the appearance of fallen leaves, and "rustling" accelerates the speed of falling; "Endless" expanded the Yangtze River, "rolling in" and rendered the torrent situation. We can realize that this couplet profoundly expresses the poet's feelings while writing about the scenery. "Endless" and "endless" make "rustling" and "rolling" more vivid, which not only reminds people of the sound of falling trees and the surging Yangtze River, but also invisibly conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting and ambition is hard to pay. Its realm is magnificent and vigorous, and its touch on people is not only limited to the sadness at the end of the year, but also reminds people of the perishable and limited life and the infinite and eternal universe. This couplet is exquisite, gloomy and sad, which shows the poet's superb brushwork and has the majestic momentum of "building a palace" and "letting a hundred rivers flow east"; "Criminalization", which is known as "the best in ancient and modern times".
The last four sentences express feelings. The poet tried his best to describe the scene of "sad autumn" in the first two couplets, and it was not until the neck couplet that the word "sad autumn" was pointed out. "I came from three thousand miles away. Now with the sadness of autumn, with my sorrow of a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. " Wan Li has been wandering in other places all the year round. Compared with autumn scenery, it is even more sad. Since he was born, he has been troubled by illness. Today, he is alone on the high platform, and the poet can't help feeling a lot. This couplet is a high summary of the poet's wandering life all his life, and it has the god of frustration. The poet writes from two aspects: space (Wan Li) and time (a hundred years), and integrates the feelings of a long-term guest who is most likely to be ill in autumn and go on stage alone into a vast and muddy dialogue, which makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse. The language is extremely concise. "Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life. "One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is extremely heavy. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help but think of his own poverty, old and sick situation, thus giving birth to infinite sadness. The "Wan Li" and "Hundred Years" of this pair of couplets echo the "Boundless" and "Endless" of the former pair of couplets. The poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are endless, and love and scenery are integrated. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of homesickness, added the content of long-term loneliness, added the sense of autumn sorrow, added the sigh of people who left their homes in Wan Li in the twilight, and made the poem more profound. This couplet contains eight meanings and the antithesis is extremely accurate. All eight meanings contain "sadness": being in a foreign country is sadness; It's sad to be a guest for many years; Wan Li is a guest, three sorrows; It is sad to be a guest in the cold autumn; Sunset is inaction, and the fifth is sadness; The death of relatives and friends is six sorrows; Climb seven sorrows alone; It's sad to be sick. This kind of sadness makes the poet feel the desolation of life experience. Bad luck has laid a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine. Times are hard, life is hard, and I often hate Bai Rushuang; Turbid wine relieves anxiety, but how can you be so poor that you are terminally ill and need to give up drinking? At the end, the couplet turns to lament the trivial things around the individual, which is in sharp contrast with the majestic environment of the first two couplets; Divided into five or six sentences. Poets have suffered hardships and poverty, and they are worried about their country and people, which makes their white hair grow longer every day. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. This connection, with infinite sadness, is beyond words.
Throughout the poem, the layout is extremely rigorous, and the first four sentences focus on the scenery; The second half of the sentence focuses on lyricism, but whether it is writing scenery or lyricism, it is a blend of scenes and scenes; Each sentence has its own emphasis, and the writing is complicated. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, which shows the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The jaw association focuses on rendering the breath of autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork, vivid and profound, which makes people use their imagination to supplement it. Triple expression of emotion, from vertical (time) and horizontal (space) two aspects, from wandering in a foreign land to writing sick and disabled. The fourth part is from the increase of white hair, the suppression of diseases and abstinence from alcohol, which comes down to the hardships and poverty of the times. Such writing and layout make the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people artistically leap from the page.