To annotate ...
1, Xishan: In the west of Chengdu, the main peak of Ling Xue is covered with snow all year round.
2. Three Cities: Song (now Songpan County, Sichuan Province), Wei (the old city is in the west of Lixian County, Sichuan Province) and Bao (the old city is in Lixian County? Guan Bao northwest) three states.
3. defense: defense. The three cities are important towns on the edge of Shu, and Tubo invaded from time to time, so the garrison guarded them.
4. Nanpu: the waterside land outside the southern suburbs.
5. Qingjiang: refers to Jinjiang.
Wan Li Bridge: It's in the south of Chengdu. Shu hanfei? Before leaving, he said to Zhuge Liang, "A trip to Wan Li? Starting from this bridge. " Write these two sentences.
7. On my deathbed: Du Fu was fifty years old at this time.
8. For many diseases: give it to the sick body.
Rhyme translation
Xishan is covered with snow all year round, and the three cities are heavily guarded; The Wan Li Bridge outside the southern suburbs spans the vast Jinjiang River.
After years of war at sea, several brothers were blocked from hearing; Even the ends of the earth, I'm the only one, okay?
But give the dying years to the sick body; So far, I have no merit, and I repay the wise and holy emperor.
I often go riding picnics alone. You see, the world is getting depressed day by day, which is really unimaginable.
This poem was written in the second year of Shang Dynasty (76 1) in Chengdu Caotang. The title of the poem is Wild Hope, which is a self-portrayal of the poet's sentimental situation and nostalgia for his brother when he leaps out of the suburbs.
When I wrote the first two sentences about Wang Ye, I saw Xishan and Jinjiang. "Xishan" is in the west of Chengdu.
The main peak is covered with snow all year round, so it is called "snow". The "three cities", namely Songpan, Uygur and Baozhou (in present-day Songpan and Lixian in Sichuan), were stationed at this time to guard against Tubo invasion, and they were important towns in central Sichuan. Nanpu, the waterfront outside the southern suburbs. Jinjiang Qingjiang River. Wan Li Bridge is in the south of Chengdu. The middle four sentences are feelings for home, country and individuals caused by wild hope. Three or four sentences were pushed out by the war, remembering brothers and hurting yourself. "Dust" refers to years of war caused by An Shi Rebellion. Du Fu's four brothers: Ying, Guan, Feng and Zhan. Only Du Zhan went to Shu with him, and the other three brothers were scattered all over the country. At this time, "one is far from the west", as in a world. The poet missed his motherland and couldn't help crying. The true feelings are revealed, and people can't help moving.
Five or six sentences are made up of "
The end of the world and "one body" lead to "illness" and "failure", which does not help the "holy dynasty" to feel ashamed. "For", delegate. "Trickle-down", a drop of water and dust, is called subtle. Du Fu is fifty years old, so it is twilight. He sighed and said: I had to dedicate my old age to "being sick", but I was ashamed that I didn't make any contribution and reported it to the holy court.
Although Du Fu lived in West Shu and served Li Tang, he never changed, which shows that his patriotic consciousness is very strong. The four sentences in the middle, because they are used together, occasionally sum up the poet's worries about his home country, his feeling of life experience, and especially his heart of serving Li Tang. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Finally, seven or eight sentences pointed out the way of "extravagant hope" and deep anxiety. "Personnel" is a matter of the world. At that time, due to the garrison in the three cities of Xishan, the tribute burden of Shu people was heavy, Du Fu was deeply suffered by the people, and there was "heaven" for the world.
Turning to the hidden worry of "depression" is the purpose of the conclusion. The poet "straddled the horse" from the thatched cottage and "walked" from the southern suburbs, watching all the time. "The long bridge shining with water in this southern lake" is a close-up. "In the mountains in the west and three strong towns, the snow is white.
",is a vision. He drew a chaotic sigh from "guarding three cities", and the meaning of Shu rose from "Wan Li Bridge". This is why the fourth sentence pays attention to family, country and individual.
Du fu's "crossing the horse and going out of the suburbs" and "eager to see" were originally intended to relieve depression. But patriotism and love for the people drove him to give up "hope"
"The natural landscape has triggered various thoughts on national affairs, brother separation and personal experience. For a time, thoughts and feelings such as serving the country, missing the same flesh and blood, and sad illness gathered in my heart. I'm particularly worried about being late and getting sick, but I'm ashamed that Juanai didn't answer.
The changes of thoughts and feelings in the first three chapters of this poem are from outward observation to inward examination. The tail end points out the reasons from the outside to the inside. From the artistic structure, it is quite wonderful to control vertically freely.
comment
This poem was written in Tang Suzong in the second year of last year (76 1). At that time, the Tubo rebels were on the Sichuan border, and the author lived in the thatched cottage. Taking Wild Hope as the topic, it shows a sad feeling for the current situation, the country, the family and the brothers. From the scene to the topic, this poem is concerned about the country and the people, with simple language and deep feelings.
The first couplet of this poem is written in the scenery of Xishan and Jinjiang seen by Wang Ye. Couplets are associated with the separation of brothers, wandering the world alone with wild hope; Ties express the feeling of being late and sick and not being able to serve the country; The writing style of Wild Hope and the deep anxiety about home and country.
"The mountains in the west and the three fortified towns are covered with snow, while the water in the lake in the south shines on the long bridge." From a distance, the vast Minshan Mountain is covered with snow all year round, and the three cities of Songpan (now Songpan County, Sichuan Province), Uygur (now Lixian County, Sichuan Province) and Bao (now northwest of Xinbaoguan, Lixian County, Sichuan Province) are heavily guarded; Looking closely at Baihuatan outside the southern suburbs, it is crystal clear, Jinjiang flows eastward, and Wan Li Bridge spans the rolling river.
"But the wind and dust from one ocean to another separated me from my brothers. I couldn't help crying. I was so far away." After years of war at sea, several brothers living in Henan and Shandong have lost contact; Wandering around the world, far from home, I am here alone, so sad.
"I will only be late when I am sick. I am not as useful to the country as a grain of dust." I have to dedicate my dying years to my sick body; At the critical moment of the country's survival, I have so far failed to do my bit for the country. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
"I rode to the edge of town. I observe the chaos of the world on the horizon day after day. " I ride a horse for an outing alone, and I often overlook it. Things get more and more depressed every day, and I can't help hurting people.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was named Ye Lao of Shaoling, alias: Ye Lao of Ling Du, Buyi nationality of Ling Du, Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei), and generally thought to have been born in Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan Official) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless). Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods.
Du Fu was a great realistic poet and world cultural celebrity in Tang Dynasty. Experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty (Du Fu was Du Yu's twentieth grandson). Du Fu's middle-aged poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his gloomy poetic style and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, his works had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature through the research of later generations. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his collection is Du Gongbu. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "epics". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflect the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, so they are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, compared Du Fu's poems with Qu Yuan's Li Sao, Zhuang Zhou's Zhuangzi and Sima Qian's Zhuangzi.
Historical Records, Shi Naian's Outlaws of the Marsh and Wang Shifu's The West Chamber are collectively called "Books of Six Talents". In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the country and concern for the people are reinterpreted as nationalism and socialism, and he himself is appreciated by modern researchers for using the "people's language".
Du Fu is famous not only in China, but also overseas. 148 1 year, South Korea translated Du Fu's poems into Korean, which is called Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems and Proverbs. His influence on Japanese literature was relatively late. Until17th century, his reputation in Japan was the same as that in China. Du Fu's influence on Matsuo Bashō is particularly profound. Du Fu is also an American writer Kenneth.
Rexroth's favorite writer.