Tao Yuanming (365~427) was a famous poet, ci writers and essayist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He once wrote Biography of Mr. May 6th. After his death, his friends talked privately about "Jingjie", so he was later called "Jingjie". Tao Yuanming was born in a famous family and was deeply influenced by Confucianism and Taoism. He was born at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his family background gradually declined at the turn of the Jin and Song Dynasties. When I was young, I had the ambition of "saving the world", and because of my poor family, I embarked on my official career at the age of 29, became a small official in Jiangzhou, and joined the army in Zhenjun and Peng for a short time. After several official visits, he gradually realized the squalor and darkness of the officialdom at that time, and returned to China to live in seclusion at the age of 4/kloc-0, leading a free and leisurely pastoral life. In the next twenty-three years, although I was often worried, angry and had a hard life, I no longer wanted to be an official. Finally, he died of poverty and illness at the age of 62. Tao Yuanming's poems 125, including 9 four-character poems and 6 five-character poems11. His five-character poems can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to inherit and develop the tradition of expressing feelings and aspirations since the Han and Wei Dynasties; One kind is the idyllic poems rarely created by predecessors. Later critics often evaluate the style of Tao's poems with simplicity, plainness and naturalness, calling them "pastoral poets". Tao Yuanming's existing articles 12, including 3 ci-fu, 5 rhymes and 4 essays, are few in number, but have great influence. Peach Blossom Garden is the first essay, and this article is a famous one in ci. It is unpretentious in art, full of poetry, and has no trace of axe chisel, so it has a strong appeal. Ouyang Xiu said: "There is no one in Jin, but one in Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci!" The poet who wrote Return resigned and retired. "When an official says to return, he says to return at home, so he says to return" (Mao Qingfan commented on Ancient Literature). Now it is generally said that "lai" is an auxiliary word and a modal particle. Back and forth, similar to "going back" and "going back" in modern Chinese.
Second, the writing background
At the age of 41 (AD 405), Tao Yuanming became an official for the last time and became a Peng for 85 days. According to Song Shu? Biography of Tao Qian and Biography of Tao Yuanming by Xiao Tong said that Tao Qian retired out of dissatisfaction with decadent reality. At this time, the county tour came to visit and asked him to wear a belt to show his respect. He said angrily, "How can I be humble to this village man for five measures of rice!" " On the same day, he was removed from his post and assigned the word "back to Xi".
This article is orderly in the front, describing the process of his family's poverty and the official's abandonment. Third, stylistic features.
Ci is a style between prose and poetry. Because it originated from Chu in the Warring States period, it is also called Chu Ci and Chu Ci style. Li Sao written by Qu Yuan is the masterpiece of this style, so it is also called Sao Style. In the Han Dynasty, Ci Fu was often called Ci Fu, and later generations generally called Ci Fu. This style is full of lyrical romance, much like poetry, but its rhymes and sentence patterns are freer than poetry, neater than prose, and the length and number of words are longer. The word "Xi" is often used in sentences to help harmonious tone and express meaning. There is still a difference between ci and fu. Generally speaking, words attach importance to feelings and words attach importance to words.