Wang Anshi celebrated his life for two years (1042), and Wang Anshi was a scholar. He has successively signed judges in Yangzhou, magistrate in Yinxian and judge in Zhou Shu, and achieved remarkable results. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as a political commissar, met with the Prime Minister the following year and presided over the political reform. Because of the opposition of the old school, Xining went on strike for seven years (1074). A year later, Song Shenzong was put into use again and retired to Jiangning. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), the Conservative Party gained power and all the new laws were abolished. Yu Ran died in Zhongshan and was posthumously given to a teacher. Shao Shengyuan (1094) was named "Wen", so he was called Wang Wengong.
Wang Anshi devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics, wrote books and set forth opinions, initiated the "New Learning in Gong Jing" and promoted the formation of the style of study in the Song Dynasty. Philosophically, he expounded the formation of the universe with the theory of "five elements", which enriched and developed the thoughts of China and ancient naive materialism. His philosophical proposition of "dividing the old from the new" pushed China's ancient dialectics to a new height.
Wang Anshi's literary achievements Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician, thinker, but also an outstanding writer. In order to realize his political ideal, he closely linked literary creation with political activities, emphasizing that the role of literature first lies in serving the society, emphasizing the practical function and social effect of articles, and advocating the unity of literature and Taoism. His essays generally carry out his literary thoughts, and most of his works are enlightening and suitable for the world by decree. He opposed the vague and powerless style of Yang Yi and Liu Yun of Quincy School, and thought that "the so-called writers are just doing something to make up for the world." The so-called resignation, there are still sculptures. Sincerity is ingenious and elegant, and need not be smeared; If you apply it, you don't have to be smart and flashy. It should be application-oriented and painting-oriented. "It is precisely because Anshi regards the concept of" application "of" serving the world "as the foundation of literary creation, so his works expose the shortcomings of the times, reflect social contradictions and have a strong political color. Linchuan Collection, Linchuan Collection, Mr. Linchuan's Songs and Mr. Linchuan's Collected Works are now preserved. His book "Shang" was included in the second volume of the first day of the People's Education Publishing House.
Concise and lively, rich in writing.
His prose is vigorous, concise and extraordinary, mostly in the style of books, tables, notes and preface, expounding political opinions and opinions and serving political reform and innovation. These articles have clear views and profound analysis on current political or social issues. Long articles are horizontal but not concise, short ones are broken but not detailed. Wang Anshi's political essays are outstanding among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He has a good command of language, and his words are concise and lively, but it doesn't hurt his writing ability. His prose is full of twists and turns and concise. Quotations from Emperor Ren Shang is a masterpiece advocating social change. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the diplomatic dilemma of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, it put forward a complete political reform proposal, which showed the author's progressive thought of "ruling the country from the people's diseases". "Nothing happened in this century", while describing and explaining the peace situation and reasons in the early Song Dynasty for more than 100 years, pointedly pointed out the social problems that were in danger at that time, expecting religious sects to make favorable political achievements and thinking that "today is the time to make great achievements." It played the prelude to the New Deal that began in the second year. Answering Sima Zhi's remonstrance, he refuted Sima Guang's accusation that the new law invaded officials, caused trouble, demanded benefits and refused to remonstrate. It is short and clear, and its wording is appropriate, which reflects the author's firm and principled statesmanship. An Shi's political essays, whether long or short, are very rigorous in structure, excellent in thinking, thorough in reasoning and concise in language. "It only takes one or two sentences to wipe out a large number of others" (Liu Xizai's Art Outline). Text outline), with strong generality and logic. At this time, it played a positive role in promoting the political reform and consolidating the achievements of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some of Wang Anshi's essays are famous, such as The Story of Guns, Reading Biography, Biography of Assassins, Shang and so on. Among them, the evaluation characters are powerful in brushwork, profound in writing and full of emotions, giving people a fresh feeling of being suddenly enlightened. He also has a part of landscape travel prose: "The Rise and Creation of Chengkeng Courtyard", which is concise, lively and labor-saving, just like Liu Zongyuan; "A Journey to Baochan Mountain" not only records the journey, but also has great significance. The combination of the two is close and natural, and a simple cave tour experience illustrates the great truth: "If foreigners are close, there will be countless tourists; The risks are far away, but the risks are few. The extraordinary worldview is often dangerous, out of reach and outstanding. "
Poetic attainments
According to the strike time of Wang Anshi's poems around the ninth year of JaeHee Ning (1076), Wang Anshi's poems can be roughly divided into early stage and late stage, with obvious differences in content and style. "Gong Jing was not very confident, so the poetic language was just what he wanted, and he was no longer more restrained ... Later, he was a group of shepherds who made a fake collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty from the Song people and used it for reference. In his later years, he began to have a deep and unpretentious interest" (Ye Mengde's Shi Lin Shi Hua). The early poems are good at reasoning and have obvious tendencies, involving many important and sharp societies. The problem noticed the sufferings of the lower classes and made an unfair voice for them. Feelings, mergers, reinforcements, etc. Describe and prompt the weakness of the national situation or the corruption of internal affairs in the Song Dynasty from the political, economic and military aspects, point out the harm to the country and people caused by the annexation of land by big landlords and businessmen, and put forward the suggestion of "elite soldiers"; "Collecting Salt" and "Hebei People" reflect the tragic experience of the people being oppressed by the rulers at that time. "In the Examination Room" and "Marking" directly criticized the imperial examination system of selecting scholars by poetry, and demanded that competent talents be used to help the world; Yuan Ri and Song Yuanfeng enthusiastically eulogized the new atmosphere and people's joy brought by the reform; Shang Yang and Jia Sheng, etc. By evaluating the merits and demerits of historical figures, he expressed his new views and progressive significance. Wang Anshi's seclusion in his later period brought about changes in his poetry creation. He lingered and reveled in the countryside, with a narrow theme, and a large number of poems about scenery and things replaced the previous political poems, expressing a leisurely interest. But artistic expression is perfect. "Elegant and exquisite, vulgar and unbearable, every irony will sink between the teeth and cheeks." Such as boating in Guazhou, Riverside, Plum Blossom and Mr. Yin's Writing on the Wall of the Lake. The observation is meticulous, exquisite and delicate, and the artistic conception is long and fresh, showing praise and love for the beauty of nature, which has always been told by people.
Wang Ti
Wang Ti is characterized by its emphasis on meaning and words. He took great pains in using materials, coining words and refining words. , both novel and subtle, the main carrier is his later elegant and exquisite quatrains. Its advantage is that it is a writer, practical and accurate; Its disadvantage lies in the idea of writing poems for work, which is too many and difficult to discuss, so it hurts the body and asks for skills in work; Therefore, "Wang Ti" has both profound and unyielding characteristics, as well as stiff and weird characteristics. This not only embodies some characteristics of Song poetry, but also tends to return to Tang poetry. It can be said that there are both Tang and Song tunes, which have a great influence on the development of Song poetry.
Wang Anshi wrote about twenty poems today. Although he is not a famous poet, his "works are thin and elegant, washing away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" (Liu Xizai's "Art, Ci and Qulue"). The word Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia reveals the decadent life of the ruling class in the Six Dynasties by describing the magnificent scenery of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and is known as the swan song of nostalgia for the past. Like Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" and "Qiu Lai's Unique Scenery", it is the forerunner of bold words and has a good influence on later ci circles.
Literary proposition
From the literary point of view, Wang Anshi's works have made outstanding achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The poetry innovation movement in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty was vigorously promoted by him, which contributed to sweeping away the glitz and splendor that was all the rage in the early Song Dynasty. However, Wang Anshi's literary thought overemphasizes "practicality" and often underestimates the role of art forms. Many of his poems often show that the elements of argument and reasoning are too heavy, thin and stiff, and lack image and charm. There are some poems that are obscure and dry, but they are also a star in the history of China's poetry.