Carpentry is an ancient industry. Since ancient times, Lu Ban has been revered as the ancestor of this industry.
The "Lotus Noisy" written by Xialiba people in the Qing Dynasty describes the carpenter as saying: "It is not a matter of lightness.
The private family invites you to build a gatehouse.
The official family invites you to become an official. So.
The saw cuts a thousand paths.
The ax makes a smooth path.
p>
The ink bucket is a cornucopia.
Eat three meals a day.
It is true that the carpenter can learn from it. /p>
"This shows the status of the carpenter.
In the past thousands of years of history, because carpentry skills are relatively complex and the most difficult to learn among all industries, and Lu Ban is the ancestor of stonemasons and plasterers, he has always been known as the Five Great Craftsmen among the people. (carpenters, plasterers, blacksmiths, stone masons, and thatchers), you can almost see carpenters busy in everything from repairing cars and ships, building houses, to agricultural equipment and daily necessities.
Although the status of craftsmen in feudal society was not high, with scholars, farmers, industry and merchants ranking third, the status of carpenters in the employer's family was unmatched by other craftsmen. In ancient times, no matter the rich or poor, they only needed to build houses and houses. , no matter how stingy the host is, he must treat the carpenter with respect. Generally speaking, he not only enjoys good food and drinks, but also treats him warmly, and he also dare not default on paying his wages without any reason. What is the secret of this?
According to the elders, there are three types of people you should not offend in your life. In addition to midwives and grave diggers, the third type is the carpenters who build houses. If they do a little bit of manipulation, they will make you happy. An uneasy home can at least bring disaster and damage wealth, at worst, the family may be ruined and people may be killed, and you may suffer a lot! Because most old carpenters know some Yin and Yang Feng Shui. As Lu Ban's disciples, they not only inherited the craftsmanship of their ancestors, but also learned many talismans.
Due to the lack of historical records, there is no way to verify the construction technology in ancient my country. There are few official records of the construction technology in ancient China. Most of them were passed down from generation to generation in the form of oral instructions and banknotes by craftsmen.
There are very few special books compiled by the craftsmen themselves.
Only the "Lu Ban Jing" of the Ming Dynasty is a special book for the folk carpentry industry that has been handed down to this day. There are several versions now and it has important historical value. It can be seen that the ancient carpenters' magic spells are .
The full name of "Lu Ban Jing" is "The New Beijing Edition of the Craftsman's Carved Official Mirror of the Lu Ban Classic", also known as "The Mirror of the Lu Ban Classic" and "The Classic of Lu Ban's Blessings".
The original book is in the collection of the Forbidden City. It was first written in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. In the Chongzhen period, there was a new edition, signed "Compiled by Si Zhongwurong, the imperial craftsman of the Ministry of Works, Beijing, and the general seal of the bureau craftsman." Yan Ji, Nanjing Royal Craftsman Division, Cheng Zhou Yan corrected it."
"Lu Ban Jing" is a collective compilation that collects technical knowledge on house construction, carpentry operations, furniture manufacturing, and placement of daily utensils, as well as the auspicious and unlucky days for carpenter construction, Feng Shui charms, Yin and Yang, and the Five Elements, etc. The content is integrated and covers a wide range of topics. It is a complete "operation guide" for carpenters.
The whole book is divided into four volumes, including three Chinese volumes and one picture volume.
The introduction is as follows:
The content of Volume 1, starting from "people started building and logging" to "pavilion and water pavilion style", describes the main room in the form of rhymes and poems. , small gates, gate towers, halls, and the construction methods of various buildings such as royal palaces, temples, temples, ancestral halls, and pavilions. It also introduces the carpenter's steps from logging and preparing materials, starting work with broken wood, to breaking ground and leveling the foundation, drawing patterns to erect the house, installing beams and demolishing the house, and The rules and precautions that should be followed when working on masonry floors, etc. are also introduced. The specifications, diagrams and usage of Luban ruler and curved ruler are also introduced.
Volume 2 starts with the "Cang'ao style" and ends with the "Plaque style", which introduces the construction of warehouses, palace corners, bell towers, bridges, cattle pens, horse stables, pig pens, chicken, duck and goose roosts and other ancillary buildings. Construction methods and precautions.
In addition, this volume starts from the "screen style" and talks about the production of furniture and woodware. It introduces "screen, sedan chair, bed, table, chair, stool, mirror frame, noodle frame, Methods for making furniture and wooden utensils such as flower stands, drum stands, boxes, cabinets, candlesticks, incense burners, incense tables, tea trays, fire buckets, bath boards, signboards, plaques, carts, waterwheels, waterwheels, etc.
Volume 3, also known as "Lu Ban Jing's Secrets of Building a House", introduces 72 examples of house orientation, good and bad position selection, and building a house.
The composition is composed of a picture and a poem. In form, the picture is a drawing of the shape and position of the house, and the poem is an interpretation of the shape and position of the various houses drawn, with pictures and text, which makes it very clear to read.
For example, the first picture in this volume, I drew a picture of a house with a very high door, which seemed a bit awkward when I looked at it. The attached poem said: "The door is higher than the hall, and the descendants will be extremely small.
The door is higher than the wall, and its methods often make people cry.
"The reading is catchy, making this knowledge easy to recite and remember.
The content of Volume 4 is an appendix, including "Secret Immortal Machinery", "Spirit Drive Solution Cave" "Secretary of Ming Zhenyan" and "Secretary of Luban" introduced the application of some talismans, incantations and many objects and figures.
For example, there are contents such as "the direction of the crane god", "the song of the happy god", "the curse is solved after the work is finished", "general tiles", "the stone of Mount Tai" etc., these contents are especially popular among the people. Pay attention to.
The mysterious "Luban Ruler"
The "Luban Classic" introduces a kind of ruler called "Luban True Ruler", commonly known as "Luban Ruler", also called "Menguang Ruler" , is a tool that ancient carpenters regarded as a golden rule. To this day, it is still used when building houses using traditional methods.
This kind of ruler is very mysterious. It shows the depth and greatness of "Lu Ban Jing" from one aspect, so this article will also give a brief introduction.
The original text of "Lu Ban (Ban) True Ruler" in the "Luban Sutra" is: "According to Lu Ban Ruler, there is a curved ruler with one foot, four inches and four points, and there are eight inches between the rulers. An inch of a straight ruler is divided into eight points.
There are wealth, illness, separation, righteousness, officialdom, calamity, harm, and origin.
Everyone who builds a door must follow the rules of the ruler.
If the single door is small, it will open two feet and one inch, and one will be white.
If the single door opens two feet and eight inches, it will be eight hundred. When the ruler is combined with "吉"... it is used according to the law, and there is nothing wrong with it, then it is a good craftsman."
The "Lu Ban ruler" mentioned in the article means that one foot is equal to one foot and four inches of the curved ruler. The reason why the four-point ruler is also called the "door light ruler" is because the ancients believed that measuring and determining the door according to this ruler can avoid evil, seek good luck, and honor the ancestors.
This kind of ruler is divided into eight inches, which forms its own unit of measurement. Eight inches are used as one ruler, and each inch has a name, namely "wealth, disease, separation, righteousness, official, calamity, "Harm, Ben (auspicious)", each "inch" is divided into five grids, and the names of various astrological signs are written in red or black characters on each grid. It is a ruler specially used to measure doors and windows.
The ancients paid great attention to the construction of doors and windows, believing that this was a key to the feng shui of the house. To measure the length of the doors and windows, the "Luban ruler" must be used to measure them.
The famous book "Ten Books on Yangzhai" written during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and specializing in residential construction records: "There are several kinds of door rulers spread across the country, and they have been tested many times, but this ruler is the real one."
< p> There is no difference between long and short, good or bad.Gaixi Gongshu Ziban was a sage who studied the details of nature, so he created this ruler. The name is "Lu Ban Ruler".
It can be used for non-stop doors, and all bed room utensils should be used.
"Lu Ban Ruler is the ultimate wood made by the master carpenter Lu Ban." It was created after studying the subtleties of nature. Therefore, the use of Luban rulers to build doors and windows has always been regarded as a standard by carpenters.
This Luban ruler is extremely ingenious and extremely refined. It contains "Five Elements, Bagua, Luoshu, Nine Stars, Zibai" and other magic theories. In today's view, it is an extremely powerful ruler. A mysterious ruler.
In addition to the Luban ruler, other carpentry tools are also considered among the people as magical tools to ward off evil spirits and suppress evil spirits.
"I have a room, and half of it is rented to Chakravartin. Sometimes a ray of light is emitted, and the evil spirits in the world are afraid of it.
(Artisan's supplies) Answer: Ink fountain.
"According to legend, this is a riddle that the Song Dynasty poet Qin Shaoyou asked Su Dongpo to guess. It also shows the past style of craftsmen for future generations, and proves the legendary evil-proofing effect of carpentry tools.
The lyrics are as follows:
Mo Dou is a ghost and a golden sheep, and an ox and a golden cow hold the handsome seal.
Kang Jinlong is a tangled thread and a crutch, twisting and twisting the branches to make a fortune.
The thread hook is called Lou Jingou, and your family has been famous for generations.
The waterworm is the ink line. If you avoid the curve, you will get the number one spot.
The water chestnuts on the wall are painted teeth, which will make your family rich and prosperous for a long time.
The bead on the top line is Ji Shui Leopard, and the master will make a fortune.
The ginseng water monkey is the ink pond, dyeing the ink lines to determine the straightness.
The horned wood dragon is a horse’s foot.
The opening guitar will be picked up first.
Kuimu Lang is moving forward horizontally, taking a flat surface, and facing down.
The ruler is called Jingmuyan, and the size is determined by the length.
It tries to fight with wood, hand axe, any wood first.
The next fire snake, saw the big or small, cut off the pieces and change the boards to any size.
The chisel is like a fire-fighting pig in the room, penetrating the riveting hole and exerting its strength.
The tail fire tiger is a hollow, and it turns out to be something different.
The fire monkey is a pusher. Once he passes by, it will be safe.
Time flies, and the stars change. With the development and changes of the times and history, and the rise of modern electrified tools, the carpentry industry gradually declined and its glory was no longer the same. Carpenters did not inherit their father’s business like before, or The master taught manual instruction orally for several years. Most of the legendary Luban secret techniques have long been lost among the people. Many young carpenters have never even heard of it, let alone passed it on. As for whether carpenter tools can really ward off evil spirits, only benevolent people can judge. See wisdom.