What literary groups (or literati groups) were there in China during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty-before the establishment of the Sui Dynast

What literary groups (or literati groups) were there in China during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty-before the establishment of the Sui Dynasty)? A group of writers, represented by Sancao and Qizi, played a generous and sad movement of the times. Cao Cao writes current affairs with Yuefu ancient poems, and the four-character poems are unique, generous and sad, and full of charm. Cao Pi has "literary spirit" and "graceful and restrained" (Shen Deqian's Ancient Poetry Source), and seven-character poems are the first. Cao Zhi was the first poet who devoted himself to the creation of five-character poems, and he was also the most outstanding poet in Jian 'an poetry circle. He "has a very high character, adopts the words of Hua Mao, and has both elegance and resentment" (Zhong Rong's poem). The seven sons rushed to the poetic world, and it was only when they succeeded that the five-character poem reached its climax.

Zhengshi poetry is represented by Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, among the seven sages of bamboo forest. Zhengshi poetry changed Jian 'an poetry into expressing people's worries and political ideals, personal worries and resentment, and changed Jian 'an's generosity, sadness, freshness and vigor into an obscure and far-reaching style. Ruan Ji's love poems and Ji Kang's mourning poems reflect the characteristics of poetry in this period.

Poetry in the Western Jin Dynasty flourished in Taikang area. "San Zhang, Er Lu, Er Pan and Yi Zuo" are outstanding poets in this period. The poems of Lu Ji and Pan Yue represent the mainstream style of poetry in the Western Jin Dynasty. They pay attention to form, tend to be parallel prose, describe delicately and richly, and use flowery words. Zuo Si sang a cynical voice with the dissatisfaction of a poor scholar, forming a unique "Zuo Si style". At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Kun's heroic elegy in the last days and Guo Pu's ode to immortals can also form their own styles.

Metaphysical poetry prevailed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Xu Xun and Sun Chuo are representatives of metaphysical poems, and their poems are all "all-oriented morality" (poems). Xie Hun and Yin Zhongwen began to dabble in scenery, but they changed their wording slightly. Only the great poet Tao Yuanming, with his plain and natural poetic style, washed away the breath of metaphysical words and created pastoral poetry, making the creation of five words unique.

Poetry in the Northern and Southern Dynasties "Zhuang Lao excused himself, and mountains and rivers were graceful and restrained" ("Wen Xin Diao Long? Ming poetry), Yuanjia poetry is as famous as "Xie Yan", and Xie Shiru is the first hibiscus, which is naturally lovely; If Yan's poems are embroidered, they will be full of carvings. Xie Lingyun initiated the genre of landscape poetry, and Yan Yanzhi initiated the habit of carving. Bao Zhao's poems inherited the style of Han and Wei Dynasties, which were handsome, bold and unrestrained, fantastic and sharp, especially good at Yuefu poems, and made the creation of seven-character songs reach a new height. Yan, Xie and Bao are called "Yuanjia Sanjie". "In Qi Liang, the poetic style gradually changed, forming a timeless style. Zhou Qing discovered four tones, Shen Yue founded the theory of "four tones and eight diseases", and Yongming poets began to use meter. The representative writers of Yongming style poetry are "Eight Friends of Jingling", among which Shen Yue and Xie Tiao have the highest achievements. On the basis of the clear sounds of mountains and rivers, Xie Tiao writes tactfully and naturally, fresh and beautiful. Yongming style laid the foundation for the prosperity of regular poetry in Tang Dynasty. Liang Chengong's style poems write boudoir in Yongming new style and express eroticism. Under the advocacy of Emperor Wen and Xiao Gang, a large number of court poets, such as Yu Xin and his son, Xu Ling and his son, Liu Xiaozhuo, echoed in succession, followed by Chen and others. There was soft music in the poetry circle for a while. However, they pay attention to words, melody, antithetical writing methods and novel and unique romantic ideas, which also have certain significance in the history of poetry. There were "three northern talents" in the Northern Dynasties, and Wen Zi's promotion, Xing Shao and Wei Shou were also famous for a while. Yu Xin and Wang Baobei later changed the palace, and Lingyun started writing, which was desolate and desolate.