The expressive skills of description include contrast and contrast, dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, suppression combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, positive edge combination, sound and sound combination, far and near combination, audio-visual combination, rough brush and fine brush combination, etc.
⑵ Literary expression methods: Fu, Bi and Xing; Restrain change, elaborate description, symbolic association, etc.
① Bixing technique: Bixing mainly comes from the expression technique in The Book of Songs. This technique is used to achieve the artistic effect of vivid image and turning reality into emptiness. Metaphor makes descriptions virtual, images more vivid and emotions more intense. If this concrete image runs through the whole story, it is a symbol.
(2) Elaboration and rendering: namely "Fu" in the expression of The Book of Songs. "Telling the truth" refers to telling stories from multiple angles.
Symbol: Symbol is an artistic technique to express some ideas, thoughts and emotions through a concrete and easy-to-associate concrete image. Symbol and ontology have some similar characteristics, which can be linked through readers' imagination and association. For example, candles, aboveboard, burn themselves and illuminate the specific image of others, which can remind us of the lofty spirit of self-sacrifice. Therefore, candles are a symbol of self-sacrifice.
The function of symbolism: A. First, it presents abstract things as concrete and perceptible images.
B. Secondly, you can make the article more subtle and give it profound meaning with what is in front of you.
C. Symbol is the lifeline of China's poetry, "as the mind is to the body", "Without symbol, poetry loses its power".
For example, the dragon symbolizes the emperor's supreme power, the phoenix symbolizes the emperor's virtue, the unicorn symbolizes long-term stability, the ape is the sad expression of travelers' parting, the crane is the embodiment of eternal life, the bat is contrary to the west, representing happiness, the mandarin duck is the symbol of love, the geese bring news to separated lovers, the cicada symbolizes death after resurrection, the phoenix tree often appears in autumn as a symbol of loneliness, the willow tree represents parting, the orchid symbolizes purity and the peony is rich. "Chrysanthemum" symbolizes nobility and nobility, and is called "the flower of seclusion". "Lan Zhi" symbolizes preciousness, loneliness and loftiness.
(4) Association and imagination: it is the main writing technique of poetry and prose, and it is also the two wings of poetry and prose. Without association and imagination, poetry and prose will lose their spirituality and die out. Most of them were adopted by romantic poets. For example, Li Bai often integrates reality with dreams, fairyland, nature with human society. "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is a poem with flying thinking structure, and the poet's imagination is like a wild horse. The dreamland and fairyland depicted by him are the bright and beautiful ideal world he yearns for. Bold and rich imagination is often manifested in the use of exaggeration.
3. Text structure: the first sentence is the first sentence, straight to the point, written into the topic, showing great ambitions, bonding feelings and scenery, appropriate total score, in-depth level, transitional care, bedding, etc.
The title of the first sentence: make it clear at the beginning and point directly to the theme. Bai Juyi said: "The first sentence is aimed at its purpose" is the central argument of the article. At the beginning, this method was used to point out the "navigation mark" for the full text.
Cut to the chase: get to the point at the beginning of the article, and don't beat around the bush.
3 Qubi into the topic: Don't touch the topic immediately, start with a beginning. Using it well will make the article feel ups and downs, arouse suspense and attract readers.
4 foreshadowing: it is a writing skill that explains and hints before the plot happens, and then "responds" when the event develops to a certain extent. Good foreshadowing can play a role in hinting, pointing out topics, communicating the internal relations of articles, and reversing the relationship between characters. , make the arts and sciences smooth and reasonable, and often make people have reading surprises such as knowing smiles, heart bells or unexpected feelings; At the same time, it can make the article brilliant and has unique charm.
⑤ Reference: Reference is the foreshadowing reference between texts, also called echo. An article should have a beginning and an end, and the content before and after should be internally related. If the front has been explained, the back must be managed; If you want to take care of the back, you have to explain it first. In this way, the article can run through, which is convenient for readers to grasp the context of the full text. The role of care. Citation can make the plot coherent, the context clear and the structure tight.
⑥ Zhang Xianzhi: Poets often express their thoughts or feelings at the end of poems and point out the main idea.
⑦ Ending feelings with scenery: In the process of discussion or lyricism, poetry suddenly stopped and turned to writing scenery, ending with scenery instead of feelings, making poetry "heartless at this time is better than feelings", which is still lacking.
Make the finishing point: point out the main idea with one or two wonderful sentences.
Pet-name ruby nature: the structure is very complete, as if it were naturally generated.
3. Analyze the image, summarize the characteristics and understand the meaning-appreciate the law of answering the image questions.
Poetry images are divided into three categories: people, things and scenery. The characters in poetry, that is, the lyric hero, are the focus of examination.
The characters in poetry are usually the images of the lyric heroes themselves. Therefore, when appreciating such images, we should "know people and discuss the world, and pay attention to the poet's background."
Three steps to answer the question of appreciating characters;
The first step: summarize the image created by poetry in highly generalized language. Common characters in poetry are:
(1) Don't admire the strong, arrogant and unruly image; The image of worrying about the country and the people;
③ The image of a hermit who cares about mountains and rivers and lives in seclusion; (4) the image of incompetence and ambition;
(5) Determined to serve the country, a firm image of generosity and cynicism; ⑥ The image of friends seeing them off and missing their hometown;
⑥ Committed to frontier fortress, anti-conquest and anti-war image.
Step 2: Analyze the characteristics of this image in detail by combining the relevant sentences in the poem. Be loyal to the original text when summing up, and don't make it up. Generally, "image characteristics" are summarized in four words, plus the word "image".
Step 3: Combine the poet's experience or the background of poetry creation, analyze the characters in poetry and answer their roles in expressing the meaning of poetry.
Example: Lu Hongxian and monk Jiao Ran were not found at home.
He moved his home to the city wall and the country road to Sang Ma's residence. The chrysanthemum near the fence has not been seen in autumn.
There was no dog barking at the door, so I asked my neighbors in the west. Report to Dashan and don't return before sunset.
Note ① Lu Hung-chien: that is, Cha Sheng Lu Yu. He once taught prince literature, and soon lived in seclusion in Tiaoxi. The Book of Tea has been handed down from generation to generation. The monk surnamed Xie is the tenth grandson of Xie Lingyun and became a monk. He is good at poetic theory, and his monographs "Poetic Style" and "Jueshan Collection" have been handed down from generation to generation.
The analytic poem means that he moved his home to the city wall, where the country road leads to Sang Ma. Chrysanthemums have been planted near the fence, but they haven't bloomed in autumn. I didn't even call the door, so I went to ask about my neighbors. Neighbors reported that he had gone up the mountain, and when he came back, the setting sun always reflected on the western hills.
Analyze the image of "Lu Hung-chien" and answer in the following three steps:
Step 1: Lu Hung-chien is a scholar who cares about mountains and rivers and doesn't care about dust.
The second step: The first four sentences show the nobility and dignity of Lu Hung-chien by describing the scenery of his quiet and elegant secluded place.
Step 3: The last two sentences show Hung-chien's elegance and generosity by describing his whereabouts in the West.
By portraying the image of Lu Hung-chien, the author shows his yearning and pursuit for a secluded life.
4. Analyze the image, dissect the artistic conception, and reveal the meaning-appreciation of the answering rules of the theme questions.
What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed, what kind of social reality is reflected, what kind of interest is shown, what is the main idea, or a question in combination with artistic conception, or a question for a certain sentence.
Problem solving format
1. Expressed feelings: through what content+expressed (proposed/revealed) what feelings.
2. Summarize the theme of the poem: what is this poem+what is written in each sentence of the poem+what means+what emotion is expressed+evaluation (total score and general formula).
There are two main points to answer this question. First of all, according to the description of the poem, analyze what the poem involved specifically wrote. The second is to reveal the theme and emotion. The answer is "describe … express …".