Organize different paragraphs into a complete chapter, and the semantics between paragraphs should be coherent. To achieve semantic coherence, you can use some cohesion or transition methods.
Cohesion is the use of certain words or corresponding sentence patterns to cleverly connect. It is often used between paragraphs with closely related meanings to make the chapters coherent and clear. There are mainly two types: intention and association.
Sympathy is the natural combination of adjacent paragraphs based on certain semantic relationships. For example, the first two paragraphs of Engels' "Speech at Marx's Tomb":
At a quarter past two in the afternoon on March 14, the greatest thinker of our time stopped thinking. He was left alone in the room for less than two minutes. When we entered again, we found that he had fallen asleep peacefully in the easy chair. But he had fallen asleep forever.
The death of this man is an immeasurable loss to the fighting proletariat in Europe and America, and to historical science. The void created by the death of this giant will soon be felt.
The first paragraph describes the death of Marx, and the latter paragraph describes the losses caused by his death. The semantics of the two paragraphs are naturally connected, using the conjunctive meaning.
Association means connecting adjacent paragraphs with certain language materials. The following common ways of association are:
One is to connect paragraphs with words indicating order (such as first, second, first, second, etc.), time or space. For example, in Xia Yan's "Bonded Worker", every time he writes about the life of a bonded worker, the time is stated at the beginning: "In the middle of April according to the lunar calendar, at a quarter past four in the morning, the sky is not yet bright...", "After half past four, when the morning light first appears... Time...", "At five o'clock, the work whistle sounded...". In this way, time clues appear and disappear, and the thinking is very clear. In addition, when analyzing the reasons for the development of the bonded labor system, "first", "second", "third", etc. are also used to express the order, which is very well connected. This kind of connection is often used in general expository essays, argumentative essays, regulatory application essays or scientific papers.
One is to connect the paragraphs with related words that express succession (such as "so, therefore, therefore", etc.) or reverse connection (such as "however, but, but", etc.) . For example, in Lu Xun's "Blessing", the first two paragraphs describe the situation of returning to Lu Town, and the end of the paragraph says: "No matter what, I am determined to leave tomorrow." The third paragraph immediately follows: "Besides, when I think about the encounter I encountered yesterday, What happened to Sister Xianglin made it impossible for me to live in peace." This is a progressive relationship between the two. Another example is the fourth part of Lu Xun's "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen":
On the morning of the 18th, I only learned about the mass petition to the ruling government in the morning;...
However, today It was proved to be true...
But the Duan government issued an order calling them "thugs"!
But then there were rumors that they were being used.
I can’t bear to look at the tragic scene; I can’t bear to hear the rumors. ...
The first paragraph first said that someone was killed and I had some doubts; the second paragraph started with a "however" transition, indicating that my suspicion was wrong and that their murder was a fact; although the following two paragraphs each have their own differences One sentence, but the author makes them independent paragraphs and uses the word "but" to connect them at the beginning. The last paragraph is the discussion caused by the author. The use of related words makes the connection between paragraphs close and natural, and the author's anger is also expressive.
One is to use certain words with related meanings to connect, including the same words, synonyms, antonyms, etc. For example, in Tang Dynasty's "Comrade's Trust", the first paragraph begins with Lu Xun's meeting with a strange woman, and he writes, "I immediately took the paper bag and the letter and hurriedly walked home"; the second paragraph follows immediately. "Under the lamp, he opened the paper package", and at the end it was written that "faint handwriting immediately appeared on the paper"; in the third paragraph it was immediately written that "this is... a letter". In this way, it is connected from front to back, coherent and natural. Another example is Lu Xun's "Blessing", when Mrs. Xianglin asked "I" whether the family could meet after death, "I" said at the end of that paragraph: "Actually, I can't tell whether there is a soul. "Then he followed this sentence with a paragraph to explain his psychology at that time, and in the middle he said: "And Kuang Mingming said 'it can't be explained',..." The next paragraph continued: "'it's unclear' is a very useful sentence . . .” The three paragraphs are connected with each other using the same words, making the article continuous and coherent.
Another method is to use sentences with related meanings to connect them, such as sentence patterns, synonymous sentence patterns, similar sentence patterns or antonym sentence patterns, etc. Poetry often uses this cohesion method. For example, in Ke Yan's "Premier Zhou, Where Are You", four paragraphs begin with "We shout to... Premier Zhou", which not only makes the chapter level clear and the meaning continuous, but also the connection is very tight. Other articles often use this cohesion method. For example, Gao Xiaosheng's "Chen Huansheng Goes to the City":
Chen Huansheng, the "head of the funnel household", leisurely came to the city today.
What did he do in the city? He went to the city to do business. ...
What is he selling? Oil rope. ...
What are you going to do after making money? You are going to buy a brand-new, scratchy hat. ...
Start by writing Chen Huansheng's "Come to the city leisurely", and then the three paragraphs begin with a hypothetical question. The same sentence pattern cleverly connects the three paragraphs together.
Transition is a clever connection using transitional paragraphs or transitional sentences. It is often used between paragraphs with relatively large changes in meaning, such as two different events, two different contents, and two different scenes. wait.
Transitions can use segments that connect the previous and the following, which are transition segments. Transitional paragraphs are generally short, mostly one sentence or a sentence group. For example, Lu Xun's "Mr. Fujino" first describes the situation of Qing students in Tokyo, and then writes:
How about going to other places to see it?
This sentence is A transitional paragraph, it naturally transitions the focus of the narrative from Tokyo to Sendai, making the upper and lower levels of meaning closely connected. Another example is Lu Xun's "Bringing Doctrine", which first criticizes "Sending Doctrine" in four paragraphs, and then adds another paragraph:
The connection and transition between language and application. I do not want to criticize "Sending Doctrine" here. "Say anything else, otherwise it will be too un-modern." I just want to encourage us to be stingier and to "take" in addition to "sending". This is called "receiptism".
In this transitional paragraph, we first summarize the above and end the criticism of the "send-away doctrine"; then lead to the following and formally propose the "take-away doctrine". In this way, the upper and lower meanings are naturally connected.
Transitions can also use sentences that connect the previous and the following, which are transitional sentences. Transitional sentences are often used at the end of the previous paragraph or the beginning of the next paragraph. For example, Yang Shuo's "Hai City" first writes about the beautiful scenery of the sea city, then writes about the bad time to come, and then uses a transition sentence at the end:
But if the sea city doesn't come out, can't we go to the sea city? Do you want to look for it in places where it often appears? Maybe you can find it.
"The mirage will not come out" is related to the above article, describing the illusory mirage; "Maybe it can be found", paving the way for the realistic mirage below. Another example is Mao Dun's "Landscape Talk". The first paragraph describes the desert scenery outside Xingxing Gorge, which leads to "Nature is great, but human beings are greater." The next paragraph begins with: "So I recalled another scene. A picture, this is in the so-called 'Loess Plateau'!" This sentence is a transitional sentence, used to introduce the following and make the two paragraphs closely connected.