Due to the differences in geographical location, social system, historical background and way of thinking of different countries, there will inevitably be differences between their cultures. These cultural differences mainly exist in customs, behaviors and language features. Language is not only the carrier of culture, but also an important part of culture, so language is greatly influenced by cultural differences in different countries. As an important way of communication between the two countries, translation mainly depends on the conversion of languages between the two countries. Therefore, cultural differences between different languages will greatly affect translation activities. ?
In the process of Chinese-English translation, it is generally believed that the influence of cultural differences on translation is inevitable. Translators must realize that translation is not only the mutual transformation between two languages, but also the mutual transformation between two cultural information. In the process of translation, the translator must consider the cultural differences behind the two languages. If the translator completely ignores the cultural differences between the two languages, the target readers will certainly encounter some difficulties in the process of accepting the translation, and it will be difficult for the translator to convey the information of the original text to the target readers completely and accurately. ?
Second, domestication and foreignization?
Schleiermacher pointed out in On Translation Methods: "There are two different methods of translation. First, do not disturb the tranquility of the original author as much as possible, and let readers get close to the author; The second is to try not to disturb the reader's peace and let the author get close to the reader. " On this basis, Venuti proposed the planning method (domestication method) and the alienation method. ?
The principle of domestication translation put forward by Venuti stands on the standpoint of taking English as the target language (target language), that is, to "naturalize" into English. Domestication means that the translator tries to reduce the exoticism in translation based on the target language and provide a natural and fluent translation for the target readers. That is, try not to let the target readers feel the existence of the translator, just like reading works written by domestic authors in their own languages. ?
The principle of foreignization emphasizes that the translator should not disturb the tranquility of the original author as much as possible and let the reader get close to the author. Contrary to the principle of domestication, the principle of foreignization requires translators to actively accept the habits and characteristics of foreign language expression and actively absorb the special ways of foreign language expression. The translator must be based on the original text, and must not change the original author's intention without authorization, but be the "servant" of the original author. The principle of foreignization fully considers the cultural differences in the process of translation, so that the translation can keep the exotic customs and customs of the original as much as possible and show the "most authentic" foreign culture to the target readers. Venuti believes that the principle of foreignization translation can "preserve the linguistic and cultural differences of the original text and send readers to foreign countries." If the translator adopts the principle of foreignization in the translation process, the target readers will be able to fully feel the charm and differences of foreign cultures and languages. ?
With the continuous development of the globalization of economy, politics, culture, resources, science and technology education, the integration of the whole world is also accelerating. People from different cultures and countries have further deepened their understanding of each other's cultures. Therefore, translators should believe that under the condition of deepening cultural globalization, target readers have the ability to understand the customs and cultures of foreign countries. As mentioned above, translation is an important means of communication between different cultures. Therefore, the translator's task in translation is not only to transform the work from one language to another, but also to show the foreign customs and cultures to the target readers. This kind of communication will greatly enrich and improve the target language, and at the same time enhance the influence and vitality of the target language. ?
3. What are the factors that affect domestication and foreignization?
Guo Jianzhong believes that "if we consider the author's intention, the type of text, the purpose of translation and the requirements of readers, domestication and foreignization have their existence and application values." Generally speaking, if the translator wants to introduce more foreign customs and cultures to the target readers, and the target readers are more willing to learn and appreciate foreign cultures, then the translator should adopt the principle of foreignization. However, if the translator is more inclined to please the target readers and make the translation more readable and understandable, and the target readers read the translation only for entertainment, then the translator should adopt the translation principle of domestication. ?