The last issue was about the prosperous Yangzhou. Today, I will talk to you about Lingnan, the area south of Wuling in the south, and the areas of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. We are familiar with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Changqing, Song, Liu Yuxi and Su Shi, all of whom were banished to Lingnan.
Speaking of Lingnan, you must know that its "food culture" is unique. Just after being demoted to Chaozhou, Han Yu said in his article: "My God, people here actually eat snakes and toads. The unique eating habits of Lingnan people scared these literati to death. " .
There is also a kind of bird that often appears in ancient poems, called partridge, which symbolizes the departure of wanderers. However, in a book about the diet of Lingnan people, it is recorded as follows: "Partridges, there are many birds in Lingnan, and the meat is white and crisp, far better than chickens and pheasants." Partridge, we have many here. The meat is white and crisp, which is more delicious than pheasant.
Therefore, in modern times, it is not unreasonable for Cantonese people to eat Fujian people. Eating indiscriminately is a historical legacy of Lingnan culture.
Zhang Jiuling, the first scholar in Lingnan and prime minister, went to Guangzhou to take part in the national examination and wrote Mianyang Gorge. It's a pity that this life is far away, but who knows the heart of nature. Mianyang Gorge is now in yingde city, Guangdong. This place is so remote, who can appreciate the painstaking efforts of nature?
Zhang Jiuling didn't succeed in becoming an official. When he was relegated to Jingzhou, he wrote a poem "Looking at the Moon and Thinking Far":
The moon, at this time is at sea, over the end of the world.
People who love hate long nights and sleepless nights and miss their loved ones.
Put out the candle to love this moonlit room, and I wander in the deep night dew in my clothes.
You can't have beautiful moonlight, just want to meet you in your dreams.
The poem begins with a famous sentence that middle school students ask to recite. Like many great sentences, this poem has no flowery rhetoric, nor is it deliberately sensational. Is there anything particularly powerful? No. Just like Cantonese food in his hometown, it is light and delicious.
Zhang Jiuling is known as "the first person in Lingnan". Squeezed out by treacherous court officials, I hate white hair in front of the mirror.
When Su Shi was exiled to Huizhou, Guangdong, his youngest son and his concubine Wang Chaoyun followed him. The object of Ten Years of Life and Death is not Wang Chaoyun, but his first wife, Wang Fu, and Wang Chaoyun is his third wife, 27 years younger than Su Shi.
Huizhou is a beautiful place with warm people and delicious food. He climbed Mount Luofu, found some fresh fruit, and then began to munch:
It's four o'clock in spring in Luofu Mountain.
Lu Juyang Mei is the second newest one.
300 lychees a day,
Don't hesitate to be a Lingnan person.
Su Shi really likes eating litchi. Litchi is angry, and eating too much is not good. Su Shi got hemorrhoids, and the result became more and more serious. But he ignored it and took care of it. Su Shi is great and a strong man.
It is said that Zhang Dun, the prime minister at that time, saw Su Shi's poems and said angrily, "Is Perilla looking forward to seeing Shanger?" Is Su Shi still happy? In a rage, Su Shi was directly demoted to Danzhou, Hainan.
Life in Danzhou is more difficult. Su Shi was in his sixties and built several rooms to live in. He really lives like an old farmer in Hainan. He has these poems:
Half awake and half drunk to ask Zhu Li:
Bamboo thorns and vines are fascinated step by step.
But finding the way home,
Home is in the cowshed.
One day, Su Shi drank too much and went to a friend's house. When he came back, it was very late. There were many grasses and trees on the road, and he got lost. Su Shi suddenly remembered that my home was in the west of the cowshed, so he followed the cow dung on the ground and finally returned home. There are really not many people who can write the word "vector" into poetry, because this is too vulgar. But Su Shi doesn't care about this.
When Su Shi was sixty-four, he passed by Jinshan Temple in Jiangsu and saw a portrait painted by others, so he wrote a little poem:
The heart is like a tree of ashes,
It's like a ship that's not tied properly.
Asking about your occupation,
Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou.
This is the last year of Su Shi's life. He said that his heart was dying, and his life in recent years was like a boat floating around. Ask me about my achievements in my life, in Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou.
Su Shi used to be an official in Beijing, as well as in Yangzhou, Hangzhou and Xuzhou, but he felt that the highest achievement in his life was in three exile places. In these three places, Su Shi did write some of his best works, and most importantly, Su Shi perfected his personality in these places.
There are many scholars and stones, deeply influenced by Lingnan.
There was a poet named Song in the Tang Dynasty. His masterpiece is "I'm near my village now, and I dare not ask anyone". Most literati will write articles to express their dissatisfaction and grievances when they are demoted, but Song won't, because he is really a bad person and he deserves to be demoted.
Before Song was exiled, the poems written were basically about how good the court was and how the emperor had the right, and the level was very general. However, after he came to Lingnan, the content and theme of his poems changed completely. He wrote about his pain and his sadness, which was really touching.