The poem "Self-protection" also has high artistic achievements, mainly in the following aspects:
(A) the creative method of realism
The poem Dream is a representation of the poet's typical emotions in real life. Poets unconsciously used realistic creative methods to express their tragic experiences through singing, which played a reflective and critical role in the social reality at that time. Dream is a folk song, and it is written orally. At first, it was widely circulated among the people. After repeated singing and constant revision by countless working people, such a complete poem was formed until the time of writing. In the process of spreading, people have permeated their feelings about love and marriage into singing, so the works are full of realism. The heroine in the poem describes her own personal experiences and feelings, all of which are true feelings. And this kind of true feelings is universal and typical in class society. Poets are good at grasping all kinds of complex contradictions in the subject matter. She caught the contradiction between herself and Meng, as the agent of husband's power. They changed from the relationship between husband and wife to the relationship between oppression and oppression, revealing the social reality of the patriarchal system. She grasped the contradiction between herself and her brother, reflected the social morality and public opinion at that time, and was the thought centered on husband's rights and the reality of abandoning her wife and helplessness. She grasped her inner contradiction: can she live together without parents' orders and matchmaker before marriage? I am happy when I see self-protection, but I am sad when I don't see self-protection. How to solve the contradiction between seeing and not seeing? These intricate contradictions constitute the main contradiction of poetry-the contradiction between feudal ethical code system and women's desire for a happy family life. This was an extremely remarkable and universal phenomenon in the society at that time. Secondly, the poet Meng is good at portraying characters. There are two distinct images in Meng. One is a cunning and ungrateful "self-protection", and the other is a kind abandoned "woman". Self-protection means that farmers go into exile from other places in order to defend the country. "Embrace Trade Silk" points out that he is still a small businessman. At first, he was false honesty, false warmth and false loyalty. He cheated an innocent and beautiful girl by hypocritical means and got her love, body, labor and furniture. After marriage, he showed his true colors. I used to swear every day, but now it's a change of heart of "two or three virtues" I used to be very affectionate with her, but now I am very "violent", not only abusing her, but even kicking her out of the house. Some people say: Meng was a sheep before marriage and a wolf after marriage. This metaphor is vivid and accurate. The image of self-protection is the product of the husband's power system and the product of businessmen's mercenary. The poem also depicts the image of a kind working woman. At first, she may be engaged in some sideline business of sericulture and reeling, so she has some savings. She was innocent and inexperienced, so that she agreed to her heart at once. Seeing that Meng was unhappy, she quickly comforted: "I will have no regrets, and autumn will continue for a while." She is affectionate and really loves herself. When she can't see him, she will "cry" and when she sees him, she will "laugh". She is brave and dares to live with Meng without media. She was very loyal and moved herself and her belongings to Meng's house by car. After marriage, she lived in poverty and lived a hard life of self-protection. She works hard and does housework together. She is very down-to-earth. When her family gets better and her husband abuses her, she always loves to protect herself (and her daughter is unhappy). After being abandoned, she was strong and resolute, calm and rational, saw the hypocrisy and ugliness of self-protection, and resolutely refused to fight against self-protection. She changed from a simple, affectionate and brave girl to a hard-working and humiliating wife, and then to a strong and determined divorcee. Her character developed with the change of her relationship with Mongols. Through the sharp contrast between self-protection and female images, it is clear who is true and who is false, who is good and who is evil, who is beautiful and ugly. At that time, the real social face of inequality between men and women was just before our eyes. Therefore, the author Meng unconsciously used realistic creative methods. Zhou Yang said: "Where there is literature, there are creative methods. Myths and legends are the origin of romanticism, and The Book of Songs is the origin of realism. " His summary accords with the actual situation in the history of China literature.
(B) Bixing's artistic technique
The poet is a rural woman, and the natural scenery around the countryside is familiar to her every day. When a poet touches something, he sings. The third chapter "Mulberry leaves have blossomed before it falls" is a metaphor for the happiness of young and beautiful girls at their first marriage. The fourth chapter "Mulberry has fallen, but it has fallen yellow" is also a metaphor for the haggard face of abandoned wife and the pain of being abandoned. The third chapter "I don't eat mulberries" is a metaphor, which means the following two sentences: "I'm not worried about women." The sixth chapter's "qi has a shore, but wet has a plate" is inversely proportional, and the change of heart is boundless and unpredictable. All these have played a positive role in shaping the image, highlighting the theme and strengthening the ideological significance of poetry.
(C) the expression of contrast
This is due to the reflection of realistic contradictions in people's minds. There are two forms: 1. Syntactic contrast, such as "women are unhappy, scholars do their best"; "The scholar's sorrow is fair to say; Women are embarrassed and can't say it. " This is the contrast between scholars and women. The contrast between Mulberry Not Falling and Mulberry Already Falling, and the contrast between Not Seeing Re-entry and Seeing Re-entry are all against each other, which is more effective in shaping images and expressing feelings. 2. Before and after the comparison, such as Meng, before marriage is a "laughing oath"; After marriage, "whatever you say and do, as for violence." Different attitudes set off each other, depicting the essence of hypocrisy.
(D) Metonymy rhetoric
Poetry is thinking in images, not abstract preaching. We should use concrete things to express abstract artistic conception. The language of images can easily stimulate readers' imagination and enhance the charm of poetry. The poet "Meng" represents Meng by "re-entering" the place where Meng lives, and "general angle" represents childhood. Look into the distance and express your love through the wall. The briber moved to the table and lived together by car, and returned to China with the "seven waters of Tang Tang, a curtain coat". Use the "three-year-old" table for many years, and use the "two or three" table repeatedly. It's like Xiaoya Cai Wei's poet replacing spring with "willow tree" and winter with "rain and snow frost". The language received is meaningful and thought-provoking.
(5) the authenticity of rhetoric
Chen Wangdao's "The Origin of Rhetoric" said: "Topping really means using the end of the previous sentence as the beginning of the next sentence, so that the ends of adjacent sentences are connected together, and there is a rhetorical method to convey interest." This rhetoric is common in songs. This may be due to the collective singing method, word of mouth, this singing method and that singing method are interrelated and easy to remember a sentence pattern. Such as "exchange cloth for silk, bandits for silk", "I look forward to the resumption of customs, but I don't see the resumption of customs", "I don't care about scholars, but I am worried about them", "I have a white head with you and always complain about others" and "I don't think about the negative, but I don't think about it" are all the most true sentences in the poem "Self-protection". Not all the re-elected words are at the beginning of the sentence, but some of them have the same function in the sentence, all of which are to strengthen the musicality of the poem.
(6) Application of interjections
When poets express strong feelings or profound thoughts, they often express them with sounds or sighs. For example, when she recalls her love life before marriage, her feelings are relatively stable and there is no need to sigh. The third chapter is lyrical and passionate, with two words "Yujie", three words "Xi" and two words "Ye". The fourth chapter has some feelings about "Mulberry Fall" and uses the word "one". The fifth chapter tells the most exciting time when she was abused by her husband and laughed at by her brother. She used six words "Yi" to express her deep feelings and tone. In the last chapter, I expressed my indignation and rejection of self-protection, strengthened the tone, lengthened the tone, and resolutely sang "No" (forget it)! The word "gorgeous" is used together, just like the end of the curtain of a traditional Chinese opera, which makes people feel the lingering sound.
(seven) the expression of the call.
Because the poet's feelings are very strong, although he is not in front of the person he loves or the person he hates, he feels that if he is in front, he will complain or reprimand, which is the characteristic of calling. It is most commonly used in lyric poetry. In the third chapter of the poem, "Self-protection", the poet described her abandonment and her anger, and linked her personal fate with the fate of ordinary women at that time, as if there were a group of young women in front of her, and she told them her pain. In the process of love, she should be wary of men changing their minds in the future. It is difficult for her to get rid of the scourge: "If you are a woman, you have no worries with a gentleman!" The anxiety of scholars can still be said; You can't say you are a woman! "These phone calls sang a strong indignation at the social phenomenon of gender inequality. The sixth chapter turns to the form of a call, "Changing the boss with my husband makes me complain". At this moment, it seems that self-protection stands in front of him, reprimanding his oath as cheating. Then, with the scenes of harmonious feelings, laughing and swearing when I was young, I set off today's ingratitude. Grief and indignation reached a climax again. At last he shouted, "I don't think about it, but I don't think about it." What a pity! "If you don't call to reprimand the self-protection here, it is not enough to take revenge.
The tone of this poem is sonorous and natural, full of true feelings. The overlapping of adjectives such as "Chichi", "Lianlian", "Tang Tang", "Yan Yan" and "Dandan" is used in the poem, which not only plays the role of imitating sound and painting posture, but also enhances the musicality of the poem. The composition of folk songs in The Book of Songs is mostly repetitive. Because of the poet Meng's complicated feelings and tortuous narration, he stopped singing in the form of chapters, which is rare in folk songs.