At that time, the Central Plains suddenly lost its former peace, and the war ignited by the An Shi Rebellion burned things in Beijing. The old minister who drove back to Beijing, wandering thousands of miles away alone, came to listen to the surging river sound in the cold season of autumn and winter!
Note 1 Central Plains, Guanzhong area, present-day Shaanxi, Henan and other places, Luoyang, the eastern capital of the Tang Dynasty, and Chang 'an, the western capital, are all national centers. Cao Cao: In a hurry. Chengping: connecting the past with the future, and later referring to peace. Coupled with the Anshi rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. The vast Central Plains lost its former tranquility in a hurry. 2 Keep the fire, the battle of the frontier. Chen Hu. In the 14th year of Tang Tianbao (755), An Lushan defected to john young. Luoyang was captured by the troops of the Khitan, Xi, Turkic and other nationalities. The following year, Chang 'an was captured. At that time, the ethnic minorities in the north were called Hu people, referring to the war brought by ethnic minorities. Two capitals. In the Tang Dynasty, Xijing Chang 'an and Luoyang were the eastern capitals. 3 Hu Bi, an old minister: refers to Du Fu. Hu: escort. Ride: The emperor's carriage. Wan Li refers to Du Fu and Su Zong driving together. Wan Li. After An Lushan was trapped in Chang 'an, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Sichuan, and Prince Hengli ascended the throne as Lingwu. For Tang Suzong. Du Fu heard the news and ran from occupied Chang 'an to Fengxiang. An audience with General Manager Su. Goodbye, gleaner. After Su Zong returned to Chang 'an. Du Fu followed him back to Beijing. Later, he was transferred from Beijing for saving the house. Poverty and displacement. Wan Li came to Chungju. 4 "Cold Day" sentence: Lu You's poems note: "Take Shaoling's poems as a test to cover the autumn and winter in this state. The temple gate is strong when it hears the sound of the river. Du Fu spent his whole life wandering for his country. In his later years, he lived in the southwest. In autumn, when the trees rustle and the weather is cold, use water to cool them. Facing the rolling Yangtze River. I feel infinite in my heart. Hundreds of years later, this feeling sounded in the heart of the poet Lu You.
Mr. Diao Shaoling of longxing temple lived in Xichun, Song Xiaozong for five years (1 178). At the age of 53, Lu You returned to Beijing in Zhaodong, passed through Zhongzhou in summer, and came to longxing temple to pay tribute to Du Fu's former residence. He wrote this quatrain with deep affection.
The first two sentences of longxing temple Diaoshaoling's Poem about Living in a Residence describe the war background that Du Fu experienced personally. The eight-year Anshi Rebellion was caused by the debauchery of Xuanzong in his later years. The central plains was suddenly in chaos, and two capitals fell one after another. When Xuanzong arrived in Shu, the prosperous scene of many years turned into a mess, and the "peaceful and prosperous times" of the Tang Empire was gone forever. This is a painful review of history and a summary of the reality that the Central Plains fell and the Jin people dominated the north. The poet skillfully grasped the amazing repetition of history, and while remembering the past, he also reflected on the era of national decline, killing two birds with one stone and integrating them. As Zhang Wanchen said in Tang and Song poetry: "The word' Cao Cao' is a scene of decline in the world. It can be said that it is a tribute to Shaoling, and it can also be said that it is a self-singing. 」
The last two sentences of the poem outline Du Fu's experience after the chaos and his life here in his later years. When Su Zonggang was founded, Du Fu absconded from Chang 'an, where he was a stranger, and went to join the Party in great waves. Chang' an recovered and went to Beijing with the driver. However, such an old minister loyal to the country was unjustly demoted to join the army for helping Prime Minister Tang Fang. Shi suffered a great famine and was forced to rush to Shu and live in the southwest. The ambition to serve the country and help the world is not rewarded, and the feelings of worrying about the country and the people are hard to disappear. I was sad and angry, wandering around Wan Li. Poor and sick in his later years, he bought a boat and went down to the countryside. When Lu You visited Du Fu's residence in longxing temple, he couldn't help thinking of the scene at that time and imagining the situation of poets and saints here at that time. The old poet felt lonely, sad and worried in the face of bleak autumn scenery. He was alone in front of the temple, listening to the surging and tragic voice of Jiang Tao. After Lu You wrote a poem, he said, "Take Shaoling's poems as an example to cover the autumn and winter. The temple gate is strong when it hears the sound of the river. Lu You and Du Fu lived in similar times and had similar personal experiences, and their ideals and pursuits were no different from their patriotic spirit. Therefore, these outbursts of Jiang Sheng also hit the hearts of two great poets in different times, and Jiang Tao, who was in tears, was a portrayal of their true feelings. The sound of the waves combines the scenery of nature and the feelings of poets, and also the hearts of two great poets in ancient and modern times. Mourning the past is to express the present, and to express one's grief and indignation through the feelings of predecessors, which is full of "sorrow for the future, a curtain of tears, melancholy in different times, and different times" (Du Fu's "Ode to Monuments").
The whole poem mourns the past and hurts the present, and uses history to compare reality and historical figures to express feelings. The broad artistic conception, one solid and one virtual, is the epitome of the two eras. The picture is very big, and Wan Lifeng smokes in it. What is particularly amazing is that; The poet is good at narrowing his poems from the sufferings of a thousand armies and Wan Li to the door of longxing temple, and drawing a dead image of a lonely man leaning against the door and listening, which becomes a close-up. The river is roaring, the characters are listening, and they are quiet and moving, which creates a sentimental atmosphere for the whole poem and adds poetry. There is no lack of exquisiteness in the style of poetry. The structure of poetry is loose and compact, and the language of poetry reveals the beauty of simplicity in its boldness. This is indeed a masterpiece mourning the past.
Poetry: longxing temple Diao Shaoling's Living Poet Author: Classification of Lu You's Poetry in Song Dynasty: Nostalgia, Mourning and Feeling.