Ancient poetry reading is divided into classical Chinese reading and ancient poetry reading. Judging from the proportion of scores, the proportion of ancient poetry reading questions in the senior high school entrance examination papers continues to remain stable. Like the previous two years, the sample volume in 2009 has ancient poetry reading questions, and most of them account for 10.0%- 15.0% of the total score of the whole volume.
The examination content pays attention to the examination of basic knowledge and the understanding of basic content. Among them, the reading part of classical Chinese pays more attention to the examination of basic knowledge and the understanding of literary significance, while the reading part of ancient poetry pays more attention to the appreciation of poetry. Most of the open questions pay attention to students' individual feelings and understanding, which fully embodies the concept of "cherishing students' unique feelings, experiences and understanding" in the curriculum standards.
Poetry, Ci, Qu, Biography, Prose and other genres appeared in the reading of ancient poetry, and the examination materials covered the pre-Qin period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Among them, the materials used in the classical Chinese reading test are concentrated in the pre-Qin, Song and Ming dynasties, while the reading of ancient poems and songs focuses on the Tang and Song dynasties, with poetry as the main content. Compared with 2008, the number of reading papers of ancient poems and songs in the sample size increased significantly, from 10 to 2 1 0, accounting for 23.0% to 47.0% of the total sample size.
Judging from the examination form, the distribution of questions in ancient poetry reading is mainly non-multiple-choice questions, and there are 206 non-multiple-choice questions in 44 sets of sample papers, accounting for 84.0% of the total questions.
1. Reading questions in classical Chinese
44 sets of sample papers * * * examined 48 articles in classical Chinese, 13 articles were recommended by Curriculum Standard, and 35 articles did not appear in Curriculum Standard. Based on the textbooks published by People's Education Press, Jiangsu Education Press and China Education Press, this paper analyzes 23 sets of test papers with two sets of classical Chinese test materials. It can be seen that the classical Chinese examination textbooks selected for Yichang Volume and Shanghai Volume in Hubei Province did not appear in the textbooks of the People's Education Edition, and the excerpts from Tianjin's "Tang Opera Live Up to its Mission" only appeared in the textbooks of the People's Education Edition. The titles of the other 20 regions are the same as those of People's Education Edition, Soviet Education Edition and Chinese Edition. It shows that the selection of classical Chinese textbooks follows the trend of combining in-class and out-of-class teaching.
The focus of classical Chinese examination is accumulation and understanding. The content of the test includes eight items: classical Chinese vocabulary, sentence translation, dictation, literary common sense and style, sentence interruption and tone, writing skills, meaning generalization and meaning understanding. Among them, classical Chinese words, sentence translation, generalization and text understanding obviously occupy the main position. Among 44 sets of sample papers, 42 sets directly examine classical Chinese words and 4 1 set directly examine sentence translation, with examination rates of 95.5% and 93.2% respectively.
The examination papers of senior high school entrance examinations in various places focus on the examination of content words, with verbs as the main content words, which has reached the so-called tendency of examining classical Chinese words: "avoid emptiness and be practical." The word coincidence rate is not high, and 77. 1% words only appear once in the test questions in different regions. Even if the test materials are the same, the test of classical Chinese vocabulary does not show high consistency. It shows that classical Chinese vocabulary needs extensive accumulation. Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech are the hot spots to be examined.
Sentence translation questions still account for a large proportion, and sentence translation is tested except for Jiangxi paper and Changchun paper. Sentences with special sentence patterns and sentences closely related to the understanding of the article are key sentences. The sentences without special sentence patterns always lead to a paragraph or the central sentence of the article, which is very important for understanding the whole article. It can be seen that the sentence translation problem began to give up simply examining the syntax of classical Chinese, but focused on understanding the meaning of the text, which increased the difficulty of examining keywords and paid attention to students' reading comprehension and application ability.
2. Reading questions of ancient poems and songs
This year, 2 1 set of 44 sets of sample papers (the 2 1 set of test papers is hereinafter referred to as the sample paper of ancient poetry) was examined in the reading of ancient poetry, accounting for 47.7%. * * * 40 reading questions about ancient poems and songs.
There are obvious differences between ancient poetry and classical Chinese reading questions. The former includes the content and form of ancient poems and songs, while the latter focuses on the content of classical Chinese. The examination contents of ancient poems and songs include explaining words, reading sentences, literary knowledge, summarizing contents, understanding emotions, appreciating words and expressions, writing skills and comprehensive examination. The proportion of questions to understand the emotion of poetry works is the largest, accounting for 13 questions, accounting for 31.7% of the total reading questions of the sample volume of ancient poems and songs; There is also a question 12, accounting for 30.0%, which requires candidates to summarize, center or explain poetry. There are five sets of test papers that require candidates to appreciate the language of poetry and understand the beauty of poetry words and sentences, which also account for a certain proportion in 2 1 set of ancient poetry sample papers. Anhui Volume combines the reading of ancient poems and songs with the reading of classical Chinese, requiring candidates to make a comparative reading. Therefore, the setting of reading questions of ancient poems and songs has the characteristics of reading questions of classical Chinese to a certain extent, such as interpreting words for poems and breaking sentences. In addition, five sets of papers in Hechi, Guangxi, Liuzhou, Hunan, Changsha, Shenyang, Liaoning and Xinjiang all have multiple-choice questions. The content of the exam is very inclusive, including understanding the content of ancient poems and songs, understanding the theme of poems and songs, and analyzing writing techniques.
The test materials of ancient poems and songs in the sample volume are concentrated in the Tang and Song Dynasties. There are 1 1 poems in Tang Dynasty, accounting for 52.3% of the articles examined, and 8 poems in Song Dynasty, accounting for 38. 1% of the articles examined. Together, they account for most of the articles examined. All the selected books in the Tang Dynasty are poems, 4 of the 8 books in the Song Dynasty are poems, and 4 times are poems. In addition, only Tao Yuanming's Drinking in Jin Dynasty and Ma Zhiyuan's Yuanqu "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" were selected as materials for testing ancient poetry, and Tianjingsha Qiu Si was also the only Yuanqu work selected. Among 19 ancient poems (excluding repeated titles), 8 are recommended works in Curriculum Standard, and 1 1 is recommended works outside Curriculum Standard. Judging from the frequency of appearance, the test materials outside the "curriculum standard" account for a larger proportion, accounting for 57.9% of 19 ancient poems and songs. There are obviously more works recommended outside the Curriculum Standard than in the recommended articles, while only 40.0% of the test materials last year were works not recommended in the Curriculum Standard.
Modern reading
Modern writing is divided into three reading parts: literary articles, expository articles and argumentative articles. The examination of modern text reading mainly focuses on the overall perception, emotional experience, sensory understanding and creative understanding of reading materials. 44 sets of sample rolls * * * examined 102 test materials. There are 52 literary articles, 30 explanatory articles and 20 argumentative articles. Literary articles are still the focus of the examination, and news dissemination has begun to appear in modern literary reading, paying more attention to the enrichment and growth of students' minds; Explanatory articles continue to attach importance to the propaganda of scientific and technological frontiers and regional culture; Argumentative writing still attaches importance to students' refinement of opinions and expression of self-ideas.
There are 20 groups with the proportion of 60. 1%-70.0% and 15 groups with the proportion of 70. 1%-80.0%. The main types of modern reading are multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank questions and short-answer questions. As always, short answers occupy the main position, with the largest number of questions, reaching 346. The least is multiple-choice questions, *** 28.
1. Read literary articles
There are 52 selected articles and 40 essays in literary articles, accounting for 76.9%, including 22 narratives; 9 novels, accounting for 17.3%. In addition, there is a piece of news on Huanggang Volume in Hubei. Guiyang Volume in Guizhou Province and Huanggang Volume in Hubei Province each chose a modern poem. The reading scores of 44 sets of sample volumes are between 9 and 35, and the lowest is 9 in Weifang, Shandong; The Yichang volume in Hubei Province examined the reading of 3 literary articles, with a maximum score of 35. The number of questions is between 3-16, with 5 topics as the most, * * * with 19 sets of test papers, accounting for 43.2% of 44 sets of sample papers, and Yichang, Hubei Province has the most questions, with 16.
The content of the test basically includes overall perception, word understanding, content generalization, grasp of text and meaning, appreciation and evaluation, and feelings of works. And follow the reading rule of "whole-part-whole". It shows the following characteristics: First, it pays attention to students' individual expression and free space. Compared with previous years, students are more selective and free, and many topics are expressed by "choosing a sentence" and "choosing an angle". Such as Beijing Volume: "Please choose a sentence from the text for a brief appreciation"; Second, pay attention to expanding exploration. From the original emphasis on appreciation and evaluation to more emphasis on expanding inquiry, many papers pay more attention to students' inquiry reading, provide materials to help students expand their thinking width and extend their thinking depth. Third, pay attention to students' inner experience and emphasize personalized reading. Students are often asked to write or express their opinions, make suggestions, plan an activity and so on in combination with their own experiences, experiences or accumulation in and out of class. For example, the paper in Taiyuan, Shanxi: "Write a paragraph to express your opinion in combination with your accumulation in and out of class".
The test materials pay attention to family life and infect students with the experiences of the characters in the text; Pay attention to students' inner experience and realm improvement; Pay attention to regional cultural characteristics; Pay attention to the cultivation of students' comparative reading ability. The topic involves five aspects: spiritual world, family life, school life, social life and natural world. And a new way of proposition appeared in the form of "group". For example, Jilin Volume has made a set of test questions on the topics of "Remember Mom's Making Zongzi" and "Dad Reading for Me", while Guangxi Nanning Volume has made a set of test questions on the topics of Yu He (Zhang Xiaofeng) and Dimfragrance (Hao Yue). Let students know that the same subject matter, because the author has different feelings, can choose the material they need from different angles, carry out different artistic treatments and write articles with different styles.
Step 2 read explanatory articles
The scores of explanatory article reading questions range from 3 to 22, with a large span, but the scores are concentrated around 10. The lowest score is Huanggang Volume in Hubei, and the highest score is Shanghai Volume. The distribution of questions is mainly concentrated between 3 questions and 5 questions, and the order of 3 explanatory articles is 1 17 questions. Among them, 1 1 provinces and cities gave 4 questions, accounting for the largest proportion in the sample test paper, reaching 36.7%. The volume with the largest number of questions is Shenyang Volume, Liaoning Province, with 7 questions. There are two questions with the least number of questions, namely Beijing Volume and Hubei Huanggang Volume.
The characteristics of the test content are as follows: 1. Test sites that weaken stylistic knowledge. In 2009, 44 sets of sample papers * * * Proposition 1 17, the topics of explanation order, explanation skills and explanation language have been integrated into the ability points of understanding words and phrases and grasping the meaning of text. In addition to explaining skills, other test sites are integrated with a variety of ability tests, which rarely appear independently, especially when the explanation order is only three questions. Explanatory text is still one of the important proposition points of expository reading questions. In 2009, 18 questions related to interpretation methods were set up. Second, the ability test is more comprehensive. The main topics are: associating and imagining according to the content of the selected article, combining with real life or experience, feeling and evaluating the scientific spirit and thinking method embodied in the article, and comprehensively understanding the text and linked materials. All these require students to activate, expand and sublimate text knowledge according to the text and real life.
The test materials mainly come from periodicals, magazines, newspapers, popular science books and in-class teaching materials. The content involves science and technology, traditional culture, natural animals and plants, environmental protection and so on. Its characteristics are: First, it reflects the appropriateness and actively adapts to the daily reading range of middle school students. Most of its contents are closely related to daily life (such as non-smoking in Hechi, Guangxi) and natural phenomena (total solar eclipse in Leshan, Sichuan), guiding students to pay attention to daily life. The selected essays are interesting and conform to the psychological and cognitive characteristics of junior high school students. For example, Xinjiang volume "Little Disgrace of Plants", Guangxi Liuzhou volume "Giant Panda's Ancestor Found", Heilongjiang Harbin volume "Food on the Body" and so on; Second, emphasize the times and pay attention to social hot issues. Influenza A (H 1N 1), animal head auction, rare total solar eclipse landscape and other events have all entered the content of the explanatory article. For example, an article in the fifth issue of Reference News in 2009 was selected as the test material of Ningbo Volume in Zhejiang Province, which introduced the fluidity of type A H 1N 1; Textbooks from Linyi, Shandong Province introduced the origin and value of the twelve animal heads in Yuanmingyuan. Third, reflect science and technology, introduce new research and discoveries, and popularize scientific knowledge. For example, Tianjin volume introduced cloning technology; The new era high-speed railway in Jixi, Heilongjiang province expounds the principle and characteristics of EMU. Fourthly, the orientation is cultural, highlighting the combination of regionalism and China culture. Proposers often choose articles that can represent or express local or regional culture as test materials. Not only can students feel the rich cultural background of their hometown, but they can also make distinctive answers according to their own life experiences. For example, Dehua white porcelain in Yichang, Hubei Province, and lamps in Changxin Palace in Hebei Province.
3. Argumentative reading questions
There are *** 20 argumentative papers with scores ranging from 6 to 18, most of which are around 12. The lowest score of 6 is Beijing Volume, and the highest score of 18 is Chongqing Volume. The number of questions is mainly distributed between 3 questions and 6 questions, and 85 questions are sorted by * * * *. Among them, 10 provinces and cities selected four questions, accounting for the largest proportion, reaching 22.7%.
Judging from the content of the test, the core lies in finding out the central argument and argumentation methods and discussing their functions, followed by understanding the words and sentences in the article. On the one hand, it is important to examine students' ability to clarify the structure and argumentation methods of the article and to choose appropriate examples to demonstrate around their own views. Students should not only have enough identical materials, but also have the ability to accurately distinguish and screen many examples. While selecting materials around viewpoints, appropriate analysis and comments should be made. Let the viewpoint and the fact organically merge, and strengthen the demonstration. On the other hand, two proposition orientations, diluting stylistic terms and insisting on using stylistic terms, coexist and develop. As an argumentative essay, arguments, arguments are inherent. Whether it appears in the stem depends on whether the examination of the ability point setting is in place, which is highly related to the content and project that the questioner needs to examine.
Judging from the test materials, it comes from newspapers, excerpts from famous works, essays and so on. The choice of reading materials in 2009 involves many topics and contents such as life value, attitude towards life, success and inspiration, reading, morality, friendship, faith, learning and so on. There are various forms of reading materials, such as charts. Characteristics of material selection: the topics involving characters are basically demonstrated by examples, involving life value, life attitude and success inspiration, reaching 12; Topics involving abstract concepts and truths are mainly based on reasoning, including reading, morality, friendship, faith, learning and so on. There are 8 articles.
Under the circumstances that the multiple-choice questions in reading exams are not optimistic, the thinking of Nanjing Paper gives people a new way of thinking. First of all, it is to examine how students can unify their arguments and arguments and understand the relationship between them by borrowing articles that students are familiar with in class; Secondly, it is a new attempt to examine students' ability to find suitable arguments in the form of multiple-choice questions, rather than the previous propositional way of letting students write corresponding cases themselves.
(3) Reading famous books
There are 32 papers in 44 groups of sample papers that have checked the reading of famous books, and the score range is between 1 ~ 1 1, mainly focusing on 2 ~ 5 points. In 2008, the highest score of multiple-choice questions for famous books was as high as 18 (see Guangdong volume in 2008), but in 2009, the highest score was given to Ningxia volume, only 1 1, and some provinces and cities no longer examined the reading of famous books.
Judging from the test content, it includes three ability points: the ability to recite literary common sense, the ability to understand characters' plots and the ability to appreciate and evaluate. First of all, the examination of ability score is more comprehensive and complicated. Some topics combine the form of comprehensive ability learning or article reading. While examining students' above-mentioned related abilities, we also examine students' aesthetic inquiry ability, language organization ability and language application ability. For example, the reading card design of Xinjiang volume is combined with the usual Chinese activities, and the content of the examination is also comprehensive. Starting from works, investigating characters, plots and inspirations requires students to fully understand a character or a book, which is also a frequently used topic form in recent years. Shaanxi paper requires students to write comments according to the plot of the selected essay, which is a new type of question this year. In fact, it wants students to tell the personality characteristics of characters in their own language, and realize the change from summarizing characters in concept to respecting students' personality expression. Secondly, the examination content tends to be detailed. For example, this passage in Wuxi, Zhejiang Province, is the plot of Yang Zhi escorting the birthday class. It is not very common in the examination questions and candidates may easily ignore it. However, students can judge the relevant characters and plots through the information such as "I was taken to Huangnigang's birth outline at that time, and I want to commit suicide on the post". The proposer provides candidates with alternative characters instead of filling in the blanks, which reduces the difficulty. The second topic requires students to analyze the psychological process of the characters, which requires students to understand Yang Zhi's personality characteristics and then summarize them in combination with specific circumstances, which is more demanding than directly requiring students to fill in personality characteristics.
Judging from the test materials, the proposer is also gradually digging the depth of the test materials, making the reading materials provided more detailed and guiding students to read in detail. In 2008, 36 sets of examination papers involved 30 works, while in 2009, 32 sets of examination papers only involved 20 works, which were basically the items required by the curriculum standard. The number of articles reviewed has decreased, but the methods have deepened. Fujian Fuzhou Volume extracts typical sentences from Gulliver's Travels, so that students can judge Gulliver's travel places. Ask students to have a more detailed understanding of Gulliver's travel place and judge the information from the sentences provided. Similarly, with the contents of Gulliver's Travels, the volume of Xiamen, Fujian (Example 7-3, Question 3) is much simpler. It is not difficult for students to choose places Gulliver has never been to and test their memory ability. From the content point of view, Water Margin has the highest frequency, with 20 times; Followed by Journey to the West, 10 times, accounting for 28. 1%. "How steel was tempered" and "Gulliver's Travels" are also frequently inspected. Judging from the statistical data of articles in recent years, Water Margin is the proposition material that proposers often choose, and its examination dimensions are diverse.