One is in Fenyang City, Shanxi Province. There is a apricot blossom village in the north of the city 15 km. There is an ancient well in the village, commonly known as a deep well. The inscription says that well water is "delicious, sweet and clear". According to legend, Fenyang has been famous for producing fine wine since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and its Fen Liquor is known as "Ganquan Fine Wine". Among many Xinghua Village, there is only such a well-known famous wine here. There are many poems inscribed by scholars in past dynasties, and Du Mu's poem Qingming ranks first in the monument.
However, after careful textual research, it is impossible to conclude that the Xinghua Village written by Du Mu was in Fenyang, Shanxi, because the time when Du Mu wrote this poem was when he was down and out in the south of the Yangtze River, that is, his later period, and he had never been to Fenyang during this period. Du Mu went to Fenyang in his twenties. At that time, he was ambitious and poetic, and it seemed that he would not write such a sad poem. And it never rains in Fenyang Tomb-Sweeping Day, and sometimes it snows. The rain scene in the south of the Yangtze River in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival written by Du Mu seems to have nothing to do with Tomb-Sweeping Day in Fenyang.
On the other hand, in Guichi County, Anhui Province (now Chizhou City), there is also a Xinghua Village in the southwest of the county. There used to be a restaurant here, which also produced famous wines. Du Mu moved from Huangzhou secretariat to Chizhou secretariat in September of the fourth year of Huichang (844), and then moved to Zhou Mu secretariat in September of the sixth year of Huichang, where he stayed for two years. When Du Mu was an official in Guichi, he loved drinking and outing. Now the ancient well in Guichi still exists. At that time, he used well water to make wine, which was called "Xinghua Daqu", which was mellow and delicious. Lang Sui, a poet in A Qing, wrote the Annals of Xinghua Village in Guichi, which included Du Mu's poems. Later, the poem was also included in the annals of Jiangnan, and it was stated that the Xinghua Village referred to by Du Fu's poem was in Guichi. China Dictionary of Places of Interest published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House says so.
But there are still questions. It is inferred that when Du Mu wrote his poems, if he was on his way to Guichi, it was September of Huichang four years ago, which was still far from Tomb-Sweeping Day. If he did it when he was an official in Guichi, it would be Tomb-Sweeping Day in the second year. Du Mu has been an official here for more than half a year, and he drinks a lot. He probably doesn't know Xinghua Village, which produces good wine. Besides, since he is an official, he has his own service for small things like drinking, and I'm afraid he won't ask for it himself. It seems that Xinghua Village is not in Guichi either.
There is also a saying that it is located in the southeast of Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province 15 km. According to the poem, the author thinks that this poem should have been written without knowing the surrounding situation on the way, so he consulted Du Mu's chronicle and learned that Du Mu moved to Beijing four times in his life, three of which passed through Fengxian County: Dahe nine years, and moved under the supervision of Yangzhou Provincial Secretary Zhang. In August of the second year, he was transferred to be a foreign minister by Zhou Mu secretariat, and in the autumn of the fifth year, he was transferred to Huzhou secretariat to take a doctor's degree. In the second year of Dazhong, Du Mu wrote the Annals of Ningling County in Songzhou. Xinghua Village in Fengxian County is on the canal leading to Songzhou Road. In ancient times, Fengxian once belonged to the Song Dynasty, and Fengxian was the hometown of Liu Bang. Du Fu's poems are very reasonable. In addition, Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem about the wedding photos of Zhu Chencun in Fengxian County: "I am the old ambassador Zhu, urging farmers to enter Xinghua Village. Now the scenery is picturesque, and the county official urges money to knock at night. " It also coincides with Du Fu's poems. The earliest "Feng County Records" also contains this poem by Du Mu. Unfortunately, there is no Xinghua Village in the southeast of Fengxian 15 area. There is only one administrative village in Zhanghang. Although there are still three or five apricot trees planted in front of every household in this village, wine is no longer produced in the village.
In recent years, an apricot blossom village has also appeared in Yixing, Jiangsu. Local people said that Du Mu lived in Huzhou at the age of 47 and died in Huzhou at the age of 50. In his later years, he often went to Yixing, a neighboring county, to relieve boredom, lived in Shilibei, Yixing, and built a waterside pavilion called "Mu Zhi Waterside Pavilion". Du Mu wrote many poems here, and later generations also left a lot of pen and ink when traveling. There is a village in Li Xing three miles away from "Mu Zhi Beach", which used to be surrounded by apricot trees. The wine-making here was very famous in the Tang Dynasty. So some people think that this is the Xinghua Village written by Du Mu. But the argument for this statement does not seem to be sufficient.
Another view is that the apricot blossom village in Du Mu's poems is a general term, and there is no exact location. Poetry expresses emotion, not necessarily like mathematics. But logically speaking, Du Mu should have really seen an apricot blossom village before writing this poem, but did he write this poem right away? I'm not sure, maybe it's a work written by the poet in his later years when he recalled his youth.
There seems to be no doubt that the apricot blossom village in Du Mu's poems is true. Du Fanchuan (Du Mu lived in Fan Chuan in his later years and was called Du Fanchuan) wrote which Xinghua Village? This left a historical mystery for future generations.
"It rains in the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " The poem Qingming by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has caused great confusion and controversy in contemporary literary and business circles. This is a question that many people want to find out, but so far there is no result: where is the "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poems?
It is said that there are more than 20 apricot blossom villages in China. Which Xinghua Village is Du Mu talking about? There are too many articles that have been debated for years. Throughout the article, there are two main viewpoints: one is Xinghua Village in Fenyang, Shanxi Province, on the grounds that liquor-making in this village began in the Northern Wei Dynasty and has a history of 1500 years, and Fenjiu is a famous wine in China; One is Xinghua Village in Guichi, Anhui Province, on the grounds that wine is also made there, and Du Mu was an official in Chizhou. The narrator of Guichi refutes the narrator of Fenyang: There is no record of Du Mu's visit to Fenyang in the two biographies of Tang Shu and Du Mu Chronicle. Fenyang speaker cited Du Mu's poem "Bing Zhou Dao Zhong" as evidence, while Guichi speaker said that "Bing Zhou Dao Zhong" was also unreliable. If further exploration is made, Bing Zhou Dao Zhong is still found in Du Mu's Fan Chuan Bie Ji, but the poems Qingming, Fan Chuan Shi, Bie Ji and Quantang Shi are not included, so it is inevitable that some people doubt whether this poem is really written by Du Mu.
In the absence of more reliable information, let's take Qingming as Du Mu's work. But we must read poems correctly.
First of all, it should be pointed out that the word "Xinghua Village" can be found not only in Du Mu's poems, but also in the poems of other poets in the Tang Dynasty. There is a saying in Xu Hun's "Guipucheng Bookstore in Xia Di": "Xiyanliu Road, Xiaoyu Xinghua Village." There is a saying in Xue neng's "Spring Back to the North Boat": "The rain dries Yangliudu, and the mountain heats Xinghua Village." There is a sentence in the article "seeing friends off": "Evening breeze Yang Yeshe, cold food Xinghua Village." Su Shi, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, also had a passage in "The Wedding Picture of Chencun Village in Tibet": "I am Zhu Jiujiu's ambassador, and I advise Geng to enter Xinghua Village." Because Zhu Chencun is in Xuzhou, someone wants to prove that Du Mu's Xinghua Village is in Xuzhou. In fact, the "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poems is not the name of the village, but refers to the village where apricot flowers are in full bloom.
If we read more classical poems, we can find that ancient poets usually use village names, mountain names and other place names in their poems, but they are not very practical in their poems, and they often use landscapes or features instead of place names. Let's assume that the village with restaurants is called "Beixin Village". If Du Mu's poem is written as "A Shepherd Boy Directs the North New Village", it will be dull and tasteless, while if it is written as "Xinghua Village", the scene will be beautiful and the artistic conception will be unexpected. This is what the ancients often said, poetry is expensive and implicit, and directness is a taboo, which means that today's so-called image must be better. The Qingming Festival written by Du Mu and the Qingming Festival written by Xu Hun and Wen were written when apricot flowers were in full bloom in spring, so they are often compared with willow trees, and the village where apricot flowers are in full bloom is called "Xinghua Village". In Song Dynasty, the term "Jiuqi Fishing Market, Hanxing Village" in Fang Tang of Zhou Bangyan clearly refers to the village where apricot blossoms are in full bloom. Zhu Yizun, a famous litterateur in Qing Dynasty, wrote in the book "Little Mermaid Cold Food in Taiyuan Road" that "cold food has passed Fen this year, and the flute has blown into Xinghua Village", which means that there are many "Xinghua Villages" on both sides of Fenhe River. This kind of writing is very common in ancient poetry. The usage similar to "Xinghua Village" is "Huangye Village". Li Shinan painted Su Shi autumn scenery: "Where is the ship going?" My home is in Huangye Village, Jiangnan. "Encounter on Lu You's pillow:" Don't look forward to repairing the door, send it to Huangye Village in Jiangtou. "and" Night Tour of Hutou Temple ":"Lying in the basket and Huangye Village, the bells are scattered across the stream. " Duncheng in Qing Dynasty wrote in "In Memory of Cao Xueqin": "It is better to make a cold cup than to write a book about Huangye Village. "There is also a poem" Qingyang Village ",such as Li Shangyin's" Two Swallows ":"If the mud is red, you will get Qingyang Village. " Tao Yong's "Seru Chuqing": "The fresh water invaded Cao Qing Road in disorder, and the residual smoke was still beside Luyang Village. "The poet didn't say that a village was called Huangye Village or Lvyang Village, but what he saw. There are many such usages, such as Gu Kuang's "Listening to the Mountain Partridge": "Stay in Taohua Village overnight and bring a song to welcome the morning. "Li Shangyin's" A Gift from the Brother of Lang ":"There are traces of fish in Dihua Village and deer in Shixianting. "Laihu's" Wan Ling Send Li Mingfu Jiangzhou ":"Wild geese come to Juzhai at dusk and * * * rush to the water's edge. "Weng Tao's" Riverside Ganti Li Pinzhuang ":"Steamed lotus leaf marsh in the sea and air, beautiful mountains. "Fang Gan's Yang Ting Yanshi offered Zhangzhou as the Prince": "Pingming Shuqing Baiyun Temple, remote night lonely anvil Hongye Village. In addition, there are "Xing Tao Village", "Tangyou Village", "Ficus pumila Village" and "Zhuluo Village". The more common one is "Sunset Village", which refers to the village in the sunset, but it is by no means that the village is called "Sunset Village". This technique or habit of poets writing poems is still the same today. For example, Zhou Jifu, a Hainan poet, once called Jiadao Village, where his family lived, "Meilia Village".
As can be seen from the above, if Du Mu rewrites the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in late autumn with poems, the village where he used to sell wine will no longer be Xinghua Village, but Huangye Village or Chrysanthemum Village. Knowing this, we know that the "Xinghua Village" mentioned by Du Mu has nothing to do with place names.