1. The continuation of Qu Yuan's "Mountain Ghost"
"Mountain Ghost" uses the inner monologue of the mountain ghost to create the image of a beautiful, straightforward and infatuated girl. The whole poem has a simple plot: the heroine and her lover agreed to meet in a certain place one day. Although the road was difficult, she arrived with joy, but her lover did not come as promised; the storm came, and she was infatuated. She waited for her lover for a long time, forgetting to go home, but her lover finally did not come. It was getting late, and she returned to her residence. In the wind and rain, and the chirping of apes, she felt sad and mournful.
The whole poem interweaves fantasy and reality, with a strong romantic color.
The author created the beautiful image of the mountain ghost by combining humans and gods:
She wore sage, nvluo, Shilan and Du Heng, and rode a red leopard. Xinyi cart
There is a flag woven from cinnamon branches on the cart, followed by a patterned cat...
His food, clothing, housing and transportation all have a strong sense of The divine and wild colors are consistent with the mountain ghost's status
However, the appearance, body shape and emotional changes of the mountain ghost are all manifestations of normal people
She lamented that youth cannot last forever. Stay, looking forward to the early arrival of your lover, otherwise you will be sad and lonely...
This kind of image creation of the unity of human and god is exactly the consistent method in Qu Yuan's poems 2. Seeking to integrate the nine characters in Chu Ci The song "Mountain Ghost" has been adapted into a novel, about 1,000 words
It seems as if someone is passing through a deep valley, wearing a mulberry bag and a girl's waistband. She is full of affection and longing, has a charming smile, is gentle and lovely, and has a delicate appearance.
Driving a red leopard, closely following the raccoon dog, Xin Yi is the chariot, and the osmanthus flower is decorated with the flag. Dressed in orchids and tied with Du Heng, we broke branches of flowers and chatted about missing each other.
It’s dark deep in the bamboo forest, and the road is steep. It’s too late to arrive alone. Standing alone on the top of the mountain, the sea of ??clouds is floating and rolling.
The mountains are dark, the day is like night, the east wind dances wildly, the gods rain. I am waiting for you infatuatedly, forgetting to go back, my beauty is fading, how can I keep the flower season forever?
I picked Ganoderma lucidum, which increases longevity, in the mountains. The rocks were surrounded by kudzu vines. Complaining, son-in-law, I went back in despair and forgetfulness. You missed me but had no time to come.
The people in the mountains are as fragrant and pure as Du Ruo, drinking from stone springs and having pines and cypresses on their heads. (Missing the young master, I muttered secretly,) Are you thinking of me true or false?
The thunder is rolling, the drizzle is misty, the apes are chirping, and the night is dark. The wind rustles and the falling trees rustle, I yearn for the young master and feel sad alone. 3. "Mountain Ghost" Qu Yuan rewrote it into prose
Original text
Jiu Ge·Mountain Ghost
If someone comes to the mountains, he will be taken away by Xili Xi. radish.
It is easy to smile and look at her with both eyes. She admires you for her graceful and graceful appearance.
Riding on a red leopard, we followed Wenli, and Xinyi's chariot came to form the Gui flag.
Being led by Shi Lanxi and Du Heng, I lost all my thoughts and feelings.
The rest of the place is secluded and the sky is nowhere to be seen, and the road is dangerous and difficult, so I have to come later.
The appearance is independent on the mountain, and the clouds are beautiful below.
The sky is dim and the day is dim, and the east wind is carrying the rain of gods.
If you leave your spiritual practice behind and forget to return home, who will be the most beautiful as you age?
Three beautiful things are collected in the mountains, and the rocks are covered with vines and vines.
I resent the young master and forget to return home. I miss you so much that I have no time to spare.
The people in the mountains are as beautiful as Du Ruo, and they are drinking from stone springs under the shade of pines and cypresses.
You think of me but you are suspicious.
Thunder fills the rain, and squirrels chirp at night.
The wind is rustling and the trees are rustling. I miss the young master but I am worried about leaving.
Translation
It seems as if someone is passing through a deep valley, wearing a sheath and a girdle. She is affectionate and longing, has a charming smile, is gentle and lovely, and has a very delicate appearance. Driving a red leopard and following closely the raccoon dog, Xin Yi made the chariot and decorated the flag with sweet-scented osmanthus. Dressed in orchids and tied with Du Heng, and breaking flowers to express lovesickness. It's dark in the depths of the bamboo forest, and the road is steep. It's too late to arrive alone.
Standing alone on the top of the mountain, the sea of ??clouds is floating and rolling. The mountains are dark, the day is like night, the east wind dances wildly, and the gods rain rain. I am waiting for you infatuatedly, forgetting to go back, my beauty is fading, how can I keep the flower season forever? I picked Ganoderma lucidum in the mountains, which is good for longevity, and the rocks were surrounded by kudzu vines. Complaining, son-in-law, I went back in despair and forgetfulness. You missed me but had no time to come.
The people in the mountains are as fragrant and pure as Du Ruo, drinking from stone springs and having pines and cypresses on their heads. (Missing the young master, I muttered secretly,) Are you thinking of me true or false? The thunder is rolling, the drizzle is drizzling, the apes are chirping, and the night is dark. The wind rustles and the falling trees rustle, I yearn for the young master and feel sad alone. 4. Expand the composition of Mountain Ghost
Mountain Ghost
The mountain does not speak, it stands there alone, eroded by wind and rain, and has remained green for tens of thousands of years.
The mountain ghost did not speak, and lived there alone, with sunshine and rain, and her dreams became green for tens of thousands of years.
The proud mountain ghost devotes all her energy, passion and wisdom to weaving her dream day and night.
Judging from the dream itself, Mountain Ghost's dream is undoubtedly the most perfect in the dream forest, but she places her dream on the floating clouds on the horizon. As long as there is a breeze like a yawn or a sigh, her dream will be The dream disappeared. But she was not discouraged. Although she understood that the sustenance was wrong, without sustenance, the mountain ghost would no longer exist.
The proud mountain ghost still devotes all her energy, passion and wisdom to weaving her dreams day and night.
In the place where the white clouds cannot float, where the starlight disappears, where the singing of the mountain ghost takes a rest, where the eyes of Yun Zhongjun ignore, there is a hint of drunken dream, taking advantage of it. A wisp of breeze came, floated away, floated closer, floated far away...
The light passed by the place where Yun Zhongjun was born, and cast his shadow into the arms of the mountain ghost. The shadow The colors blend with the feelings of mountain ghosts. Yun Zhongjun staggered. After traveling hundreds of millions of light years, he was finally exhausted. He came from the too crowded and small space to the arms of the too lonely mountain ghost.
This is a rather unexpected plot, passing through an unobtrusive space and being suppressed into an overly exaggerated plane. The wind is about to come, the snow is about to come, but what will no longer come is the shadow of Yun Zhongjun. Every world that has been wandering for a long time, every long journey experienced, means a kind of tilt, a kind of silence in a critical state of non-equilibrium.
At this time, the mountain is silent, and the ancient glacier is like a white ghost, slowly but unstoppably invading the mountain. The mountain ghost didn't say anything. The ferns she liked to eat were dying in large numbers, but the flowers all over the mountains and fields were blooming vigorously. They would soon occupy the entire earth, compress the fern kingdom into light, and exile it to other places. to the planet.
When I got the news, it was already too late. In the distance, the sounds of nature chirped, the mountains squirmed, and there was nothing exaggerated in the darkness. The rumbling thunder came from far and near, trembling over the mountain ghost's dream, and the stinging soul was also trembling. In the lukewarm lazy wind, those years slipped away quietly.
The stubborn mountain ghost, hungry and cold, refused to eat any angiosperms. She longed for her soul to be completely sublimated before the last batch of ferns bid farewell. What will then be sublimated or destroyed is his own era, as well as the hegemony established by his ancestors for generations.
In this beautiful and pure planet full of fragrance of flowers, the mountain ghost finally took a ride on the God of Destiny’s helpless or perhaps pity’s last glance, and the light that was about to pass away and that had already passed away. Escape deep into the universe.
The mountain does not speak. It must always stick to its position and provide the most faithful material foundation for all new things. The mountain ghost doesn't speak either. It's nothing more than movement, nothing more than coming from where it came from, nothing more than going to the place where it's going, nothing more than silence.
What is silent is Yun Zhongjun’s ordinary life. Hundreds of millions of years have passed. Is he happy? Does he really love his wife Lin Yao? Does he know about the existence of mountain ghosts? The midday sun shone on his desolate and vivid face. In his sleepy state, he suddenly felt an inexplicable sadness. He subconsciously reached out and shot a beam of light from his face.
The mountain ghost came out of the feeling, as if he was tired of it. The shadow of Yun Zhongjun gradually shattered in the mountain ghost's heart, and a faint gray blood spattered out. Yun Zhongjun regards her as nature and eternity. Only love can overcome the distance of love; only love can save the fall of love.
There is no morality, only love. All those lost spirits emit a slight trembling light, quietly releasing the footprints of waves and particles. The traces of Yun Zhongjun's young life and the dried shadows all solidified into madness in the mountain ghost's thoughts. Great orogeny! hehe!
Mountains don’t speak, and mountain ghosts don’t speak either. Hiding is not deceiving. Silence is the ending of the ending, and the ending is the ending without an ending.
If you call me, I will jump up from the ground. **** Walking naked through the forest surrounded by beasts, heading towards the city lined with tombstones... 5. The continuation of Qu Yuan's "Mountain Ghost" essay
"Mountain Ghost" uses the inner monologue of the mountain ghost to shape the story. It creates the image of a beautiful, straightforward and infatuated girl. The whole poem has a simple plot: the heroine and her lover agreed to meet in a certain place one day. Although the road was difficult, she arrived with joy, but her lover did not come as promised; the storm came, and she was infatuated. She waited for her lover for a long time, forgetting to go home, but her lover finally did not come. It was getting late, and she returned to her residence. In the wind and rain, and the chirping of apes, she felt sad and mournful.
The whole poem interweaves fantasy and reality, with a strong romantic color.
The author created the beautiful image of the mountain ghost by combining humans and gods:
She wore sage, nvluo, Shilan and Du Heng, and rode a red leopard. A Xinyi cart
There is a flag woven from cinnamon branches on the cart, followed by a patterned cat...
Its food, clothing, housing and transportation all have a strong divine and wild color, and It is suitable for Shan Gui’s identity and status
However, Shan Gui’s appearance, body shape and emotional changes are all manifestations of normal people
She laments that youth cannot last forever and hopes that her lover will soon If you come, if you don't come, you will be sad and lonely...
This kind of image creation of the unity of man and god is exactly the consistent method in Qu Yuan's poetry 6. "Nine Songs of Mountain Ghost" in Chu Ci
Jiuge Mountain Ghost
If someone comes to the mountain, he will be surrounded by flowers and flowers.
It is easy to smile and look at her with both eyes. She admires you for her graceful and graceful appearance.
Riding on a red leopard, we followed Wenli, and Xinyi's chariot came to form the Gui flag.
Being led by Shi Lanxi to Du Heng, I lost all my thoughts.
The rest of the place is secluded and the sky is nowhere to be seen, and the road is dangerous and difficult, so I have to come later.
The appearance is independent on the mountain, and the clouds are beautiful below.
The sky is dim and the day is dim, and the east wind is carrying the rain of gods.
If you stay in spiritual cultivation and forget to return home, who will be the most beautiful when you are old?
Three beautiful things are collected in the mountains, and the stones are Leilei and Gemanman.
I resent the young master and forget to return home. I miss you so much that I have no time to spare.
The people in the mountains are as fragrant as Du Ruo, and they drink from stone springs and are shaded by pines and cypresses.
You think of me but I am suspicious.
Thunder fills the rain, and the squid chirps again at night.
The wind is rustling and the trees are rustling. I miss the young master but I am worried about leaving. 7. Qu Yuan, Jiu Ge·Mountain Ghost
If someone comes to the mountains, he will be led by Xue Li, who is a girl. He looks at you and smiles, and his son admires him because he is good and graceful. He rides on a red leopard. From Wenli, Xinyi's car comes with laurel flags; Shi Lanxi brings Du Heng, and the fragrance is fragrant and leaves behind the thoughts; The rest of the place is secluded, but the sky is nowhere to be seen, and the road is dangerous and difficult, so I am the only one coming; the appearance is independent on the mountain, and the clouds are rongrong. The sky is under the sky; the sky is dark, the day is dark, the east wind is drifting with the rain of gods; the soul is left to cultivate and forget to return, the age is over, who is the flower; the three beauties are gathered in the mountains, the rocks are covered with vines and vines; the son of resentment is here Forgetting to return home, you miss me and can't be idle; the people in the mountains are fragrant, drinking from stone springs shaded by pines and cypresses; you miss me but are suspicious; thunder fills the rain, and the caves chirp at night; the wind rustles in the trees Xiaoxiao, I miss the young master and I am only worried about leaving; What do mountain ghosts mean? "Nine Songs" is a group of poems related to Chu people's rituals. It was adapted by Qu Yuan on the basis of the Chu custom of believing in ghosts and loving sacrifices when he was exiled in the south of the Yangtze River. Group poetry.
Among them, the poem "Mountain Ghost" has no final conclusion in the academic circles on the interpretation of the image of "Mountain Ghost" and the understanding of the overall theme of "Mountain Ghost". Chu Ci researchers have always been There are different interpretations of the image and artistic conception of "." There are several theories as follows: 1. The mountain ghost is Yao Ji, the goddess of Wushan Mountain.
The first person to put forward this statement was Gu Chengtian from the Qing Dynasty. "Summary of the General Catalog of Sikuquanshu" quotes his "Jiugejie": "The chapter "Mountain Ghost" says: King Xiang of Chu traveled to the clouds and dreamed of a woman named Yao Ji. The whole poem seems to refer to this matter."
Mr. Guo Moruo also holds this view. He quoted the sentence "Collecting three beauties in the mountains" from "Mountain Ghost" and pointed out: "Yu Mountain is Wushan. Every word for 'Xi' in "Chu Ci" has the word 'Yu' The function of the word, if Yushan is not Wushan, then the word 'Yu' is cumbersome."
[1] Since the chapter "Mountain Ghost" clearly mentions "Yushan (Wushan)", then this "山鬼" "What is it if it's not "Wushan Goddess"? As soon as Guo Moruo's proof came out, the theory that "mountain ghosts are Wushan goddesses" quickly became popular in the field of Chu Ci research. Contemporary Chu Ci researchers such as Ma Maoyuan, Chen Zizhan, Nie Shiqiao, Jin Kaicheng, Tang Bingzheng, etc. all believe that the "mountain ghost" in "Mountain Ghost" is the "Wushan Goddess".
In "Selected Songs of Chu", Mr. Ma Maoyuan not only argued from the "substitute function" of the word "xi" in "Nine Songs", but also argued that the word "yu" in "picking three beauties of Xi in the mountains" cannot "Interpret according to the original character", otherwise it will "duplicate with the character 'xi'". "Guo Moruo said, 'Yu Shan' is 'Wushan'.
Because 'Yu' the ancient sound of Wu is a borrowed word with the same sound. This is true."
He also quoted "Selected Works" by Jiang Yan's "Miscellaneous Poems" and Li Shan's annotations citing the "Collection of Song Kings", as well as the relevant contents of "The Classic of Mountains and Seas - Guyao Mountain" prove that the goddess of Wushan is the "Emperor's Season Daughter" Yao Ji, also known as the "Emperor's Season Daughter". According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the emperor's daughter "turned into a wormwood" after her death. The wormwood got its name because it was transformed by Yao Ji's spirit. In "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" it is called mulberry grass, but in "Gaotang Fu" it is also called Ganoderma lucidum, which shows that the two are two things in one.
The ‘Sanxiu’ in this article is another name for Ganoderma lucidum. Then 'picking three beauties in the mountains' expresses the lingering mood of the goddess throughout life and death, and is by no means an ordinary narrative."
[2] This is from the origin of "three beauties" The above seems to provide new evidence that the mountain ghost is the goddess of Wushan.
The originator of the "spirit theory" was Hong Xingzu, a scholar of Chu Ci in the Song Dynasty. The explanation of the title of "Ghost" says: ""Zhuangzi" said: 'There is Kui in the mountain'.
"Huainan" says: "The mountain comes out of the Mandrill Yang". Is it like this when the people of Chu offer sacrifices? "Kui is an object, commonly seen in classics, and is said to be a one-legged monster.
Zhu Yang, "Huainanzi? Si Lunxun" Gao Yuan notes: "It is also a mountain spirit. Human shape, grown up, with a black face, hairy body, turned-up feet, and smiles when seeing people. "
In the legends of later generations, the two are one thing. Hong Xingzu believed that the people sacrificed by the Chu people were the spirits of the mountains.
According to Zhu Xi's "Annotations to the Songs of Chu: Mountain Ghosts" : ""Guoyu" says: 'The strange things about wood and stone are two. ’ Is this what you call it? "Volume 2 of Wang Fuzhi's "Interpretation of Chu Ci" thinks that it is the wooden guest mentioned by Confucius, which is the five manifest spirits, which are objects, transformed into fetuses, and are not ghosts. Because of doubts, they are called ghosts.
Based on the above, the mountain ghost should be the name of a kind of wild animal in the south of the Yangtze River, so it was named after Qu Zi asked the mountain ghost to express his emotions.
Hong Xingzu, Wang Fuzhi and others said that the mountain ghost is a mandrill. There are a lot of folklore that can support this theory, but whether the so-called "mountain ghost" in later generations and the "mountain ghost" in "Nine Songs" are the same thing still needs to be carefully verified.
3 .Considering that "mountain ghosts" are mountain gods. Wang Ai, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, thought: "Why is it called "mountain ghosts"? ...Gai ghosts are also called supernatural powers. This title is called "Mountain Ghost", which is also called mountain god or mountain spirit Yun'er. "
[3] Lu Kanru, a recent scholar, said: ""Mountain Ghost" is a song used by Chu people to worship mountain gods. [4]" Holding this view, the most representative and influential one is Ma Maoyuan's "Selected Songs of Chu": "Mountain ghosts are the gods in the mountains. They are called ghosts because they are not righteous gods. "
This view is retained in the "Collection of Chu Ci? Commentary on Chu Ci? Mountain Ghost" edited by him, and he emphasizes: "Mountain ghosts are mountain gods. In ancient books, the two words ghost and god are often used together. "
This statement is also the most popular statement in the modern research community. 4. "Mountain ghosts" are "human ghosts." Zhang Jingyuan of the Ming Dynasty's "Abridged Annotations on Chu Ci" believes: "Another annotation of "Mountain Ghosts" says : Lingxiu, son, king, and mountain man all refer to the words of ghosts worshipped. "
Zhu Ji from the Qing Dynasty believed: "The husband ghost belongs to the end of the regular sacrifice, that is, the present county belongs to the altar of Li. In the spring and autumn, sacrifices are set up to worship the god of Tugu, all over the Wuzhu group. It can be seen that this trend is followed. to date. "[5] Dai Zhenyun: "The six chapters of "Mountain Ghost" are all about the mountain ghost being in love with oneself. The mountain ghost can also be used as a metaphor for himself, for example, he feels sorry for his association with the mountain ghost, but also feels sad that he is the same as the mountain ghost. Ghost. "
[6] Others, such as Hu Wenying's "Qu Sao Zhi Zhang" and Wang Kaiyun's "Chu Ci Shi", both say that the "Mountain Ghost" is worshiped by the mountain ghost. Among the above several theories, the most popular What is more, the theory that the mountain ghost is the mountain god, and the research by Guo Moruo and others specifically refers to the mountain god as the Wushan goddess, is also an academic view widely accepted in the field of Chu Ci research.
This article is inclined to the mountain. The ghost is the mountain god. There is still some skepticism about the mountain god being the goddess of Wushan.
Because the use of the word "xi" does not mean that it cannot be followed by function words. Only in the chapter "Mountain Ghost" there is the sentence "The clouds are beautiful and are down". Although "Yu" has the ancient pronunciation of "Wu", in "Nine Chapters" this is an isolated evidence and cannot prove "Yu". That is, "Witch".
If we look at the objects of sacrifice in "Nine Chapters", He Bo, Xiang Jun, and Mrs. Xiang are all specific objects of sacrifice, and only the mountain god does not have a clear reference. The gods worshiped in "Nine Chapters" 8. Qu Yuan's "Mountain Ghost" describes what the mountain ghost is like
1. Qu Yuan successfully created the artistic image of the mountain ghost in this poem. She passionately praises her excellent qualities of loyalty to love, purity, and kindness. She has both divine temperament and human character, but in the final analysis, she is a real human image, a beautiful and moving girl.
2. Introduction to the original work
"Mountain Ghost" is the title of "Chu Ci·Nine Songs". Regarding the identity of mountain ghosts, there are many legends among Han people, including goddesses, spirits, mountain gods, etc. "Mountain Ghost" is from the ninth song of "Nine Songs", which describes the posture and clothing of a woman. It is said that Qu Yuan modified it on the basis of Han folk songs for worshiping gods. There are many chapters in "Nine Songs" that describe the love life of ghosts and gods, such as "Xiang Jun", "Xiang Lady" and "Da Siming". "Shao Siming" and so on, the same is true in this article. "Mountain ghosts" are commonly known as mountain gods. Because they have not been officially canonized by the emperor, they are still called "mountain ghosts".
3. Introduction to the author
Qu Yuan (340 BC - 278 BC) was a native of the Chu State during the Warring States Period. His surname was Mi, his family name was Qu, his given name was Ping, his courtesy name was Yuan, and he was also named in "Li Sao". Ziyun: "My name is Zhengzexi, my courtesy name is Lingjun". He was born in Danyang of Chu State (now Yichang City, Hubei Province). He is a descendant of Qu Xia, the son of King Wu of Chu Xiong Tong. He is the earliest romantic poet in China. The first great patriotic poet to leave his name in the history of Chinese literature. His emergence marked the beginning of a new era in Chinese poetry from collective singing to individual singing.