Chapter 1: Social Science Reading Skills 1. Look at the italics at the beginning of the text, and then skip the first and last sentences of each paragraph.
The italicized introductory text in front of the article is of great significance to all SAT long reading. It contains a lot of important information, such as the author's identity, writing age, social status and so on, which can help us understand the writing background of the article and predict the author's possible writing intention.
2. first grasp the overall idea of the article, and then read the details according to the topic.
Because there are many long reading questions and most of them are detailed questions, it is not convenient to read the article after reading the questions. At the same time, social science works are generally more logical than literary works, so in the case of limited time, it is not necessary to read the whole article, just find out the key content of each part, that is, the beginning of the paragraph and the place where the paragraph has no turning point. Grasp the main idea of the article first, and then return to the original intensive reading according to the specific requirements and the number of lines when doing the problem. However, although sometimes you don't have to read the whole article, if time permits, it's better to scan it all for easy understanding.
General answer rule
1) Social science articles often have background introductions at the beginning, which often contain general views that are contrary to the author's views.
2) If we start to introduce the historical origin and jump to the end of the paragraph, we find that the center of understanding is meaningless. It seems that the author is used to putting the center at the beginning, so he doesn't have to spend time reading the end of the natural paragraph.
Chapter two: social science reading answering skills; The scope of social science articles.
1. Social Sciences
It often refers to articles on political economy, pedagogy, linguistics, culturology, literature and art, history and other social sciences.
2. Natural science
Mainly refers to the study of natural science articles, such as astronomy, archaeology, medicine, life sciences and other articles.
Characteristics of college entrance examination questions in recent years:
1, novelty of the selected text
2, the content of the oneness
Step 3 express clearly
4. Medium difficulty
Common misunderstanding settings:
1, to generalize-that is, to replace the whole with parts and the whole with parts; Or replace the part with the whole and the individual with the general, so that candidates can make wrong judgments.
When reading original social science articles, we must pay special attention to "what, what, all, all, all, almost, to?" Until except. The word beyond ",some, some, etc. Strictly distinguish between "part" and "whole". The key to doing this kind of problem is calm and careful deliberation.
2. From the information point of view, there are two kinds of errors: making something out of nothing and deliberately omitting it.
Out of nothing-the information in the option cannot be found in the original text, nor can it be inferred from the original text. Note: When doing the problem, carefully check whether the content of the given option can be found in the text, or whether it can be reasonably inferred from the effective information sentence.
Deliberately omitted-some information in the original text was deliberately omitted by the proposer in the options.
3. From the perspective of causal logic, there are two kinds of mistakes: imposing causality and reversing causality.
Impose causality-the option says that all information without causality in the original text is causal.
Cause and effect inversion-the option decomposes the cause and effect of the original text into results. The fault of the fruit is the reason. Rever believes that the relationship between the two.
4. From the content of information reference, there are two kinds of mistakes: stealing the concept and unclear reference.
Steal the concept-the option replaces the relevant information in the original text with inconsistent statements. Common words are missing words, adding words, changing words and dislocation.
Option: The surface layer of culture refers to the norms and ways of a group's activities in a period.
Effective information sentence: Explicit culture reflects a deeper culture, that is, the norms and methods of a group's activities in a period.
Unknown reference-There is an error in the reference content of the pronoun in the reference option. Methods: Pay attention to the words such as these, those, this, which, its and that. Contact the context and find out what they mean.
5. Conversion error: when a sentence with a certain meaning is converted into another sentence, affirmation becomes negation, negation becomes affirmation, full name becomes proper name, relative is absolute, absolute is relative, nip in the bud is said to be already, and nip in the bud is said to be nip in the bud.
(1) Say "already" before something happens-ignore modifiers such as "Jiang" in the original text. Say what is not determined or realized in the original text as a fait accompli.
(2) Having said that it has not happened-ignoring the modifiers such as "already" and "le" in the original text, and saying the fait accompli in the original text as something that has not yet been determined or realized.
(3) the transition from relative to absolute
Note: possible, some, certain, sure, maybe, probably, almost, etc.
6. As far as necessary and sufficient conditions are concerned,
Pay attention to "as long as ..." (table sufficient conditions), "only &; Only "(table necessary conditions) and so on.
Step 7 reverse the priority order
The change and development of things have major and minor contradictions in terms of contradictions, major and minor reasons in terms of reasons, and major and minor aspects in terms of performance. When designing traps, proposers sometimes turn these "major" and "minor" faces upside down.
Option: In the Song Dynasty, the huge tea revenue on the "Tea-Horse Ancient Road" was the main source of national military expenditure at that time.
Effective information sentence: "Tea-horse trade" not only provided the imperial court with huge tea income to supplement military needs, but more importantly, it not only met the country's demand for war horses, but also safeguarded the safety of the southwest border of the Song Dynasty.
8. misinterpret the original intention
It means that the understanding of words deviates from the meaning of effective information sentences and misinterprets the author's point of view or meaning.
9. Answer irrelevant questions
Although the choice comes from the article, it has nothing to do with the topic.
In recent years, there are four main types of mistakes in reading social science articles in college entrance examination, namely, generalizing, making something out of nothing, stealing concepts, and saying that it has happened before it happened.
Reading and problem-solving steps of social science articles
Read the text first and understand the main idea.
The second reading questions are marked, the scope is fixed, the key answers are carefully screened, and the original answers are returned.
Third, clear five steps.
The first step is to read the text and understand the main idea.
Read through the full text. Only in this way can we grasp the main content of the whole paper. In this way, we will not make the mistake of taking things out of context and generalizing them.
The second step is to correct the test questions.
For the test questions, especially the options, find the relevant sentences in the original text and mark them with symbols. This is a key link that cannot be ignored.
The third step is fine screening within a certain range.
Compare the options with the relevant sentences found in the original text (seeking common ground while reserving differences) and make accurate judgments and choices.
The fourth step is to grasp the key and get the answer.
The fifth step is to test the answer and see the whole. I.e. resetting the authentication method.
"Reset" the selected answer to the original text and "verify". If the meaning is coherent, the meaning is correct.