I. Li Bai and Carving Fan Hu
Xia Xun's home in Songshan, Su Wu
Lipper
I stayed in a farmhouse at the foot of Wusong Mountain, and I felt very depressed and lonely.
The farmer is busier at work, and the girl next door is not afraid of the cold autumn night all night.
The owner of the house, the old woman, brought me rice, full of white rice like moonlight.
I can't help but feel ashamed to think of this. I helped Park Mu, and declined politely and dared not eat it.
This poem is a grateful work that Li Bai spent with an old woman named Xun in Wusong Mountain. The fifth and sixth sentences of the poem read: "Kneel into the carved rice, and the bright moon shines pale." What is "beard carving"? Carved beard refers to water bamboo. Zizania latifolia is a perennial herb, which mainly grows in the Yangtze River and lakes in China. And where is Wusong Mountain? Tongling county, Anhui province. Tongling, close to the Yangtze River, is rich in water resources and suitable for the growth of Zizania latifolia. As one of the "three famous dishes in Jiangnan", Zizania latifolia is delicious, fresh and sweet, crisp and tender, and it is a rare delicacy. Rice is a popular cooking method. Water bamboo, rice with a little mushrooms and a spoonful of lard can make a dish of water bamboo fried rice, which is very common and authentic Jiangnan cuisine. It is conceivable that in a simple peasant woman's home, the host served such a delicious and attractive plate of rice, which was reflected as a "vegetarian dish" and shone in the moonlight. No wonder Li Bai lamented that "three thanks can't be eaten." In history, besides Li Bai, many people praised the carved Hu rice, such as Du Fu's "recalling the carved Hu rice and smelling the soup", and Song Yu's "Fengfu" said: "The master's daughter cooks the carved Hu rice as a minister and cooks the sunflower soup". A small water bamboo can occupy such a position in the memory of literati who have traveled all over the world and tasted the four seasons. It must be said that the soil and water in the south of the Yangtze River are fertile, and there are no beauties, beauties and delicacies left.
Second, Mei Yao Chen and puffer fish
Fan Raozhou eats puffer fish in Chinese.
mei yao chen
In spring, the small continent near the water gives birth to the buds of grass, willow trees spit on the shore and flowers fly.
At this time, puffer fish went on the market, and the price was very high, surpassing all fish and shrimp.
The puffer fish looks strange enough, and it has no food.
The belly is as big as a big pig, the eyes are prominent, and it is like a frog in Wu area.
I lost something when frying, and I lost it when I went down my throat.
Why should anyone eat food that hurts people like this?
I asked southerners, but they were full of praise for puffer fish.
It is said that fish is really delicious, and people who are silent about poison are more like hemp.
I can't refute them, thinking over and over again, and facing the surprise empty.
Han Yu came to Chaoyang and began to be afraid of eating snakes.
It wasn't long before Liu Zongyuan arrived in Longcheng to eat a calm frog.
Snakes and frogs are strange and disgusting in shape, but they have nothing to do with human life and have no fear.
The puffer fish tastes better than them, but the hidden evil is boundless.
Beautiful things must be evil, as the ancients said.
This poem was written by Mei at a banquet with Fan Zhongyan. At that time, Mei had just stepped down as the magistrate of Jiande County, Zhejiang Province, and his good friend Fan Zhongyan was then the magistrate of Raozhou. Fan invited Mei to visit Lushan Mountain in order to comfort his friends. At the banquet hosted by Mei, a guest told us that puffer fish was delicious, which aroused Fan Zhongyan's desire. On the other hand, May Yao Chen thinks it's not worth risking your life to enjoy the delicious puffer fish. Write an impromptu poem to persuade Fan Zhongyan not to risk tasting puffer fish. This poem happened to make Mei famous all over the world, but the puffer fish was once called "Mei Puffer". Mei's poem became famous for a while, thanks to the strong recommendation of Ouyang Xiu, another good friend of Mei. Ouyang Xiu wrote in "Poems on June 1st", "Mei tasted the model poem" Puffer ":"Spring buds sprout and flowers fly in spring. Pufferfish is not as expensive as fish and shrimp. Pufferfish often swim in groups at dusk in spring, eat flocs and gain weight. There are many southerners, but the buds are soup, and the clouds are the most beautiful. Therefore, it can be seen that the poet broke off after only two sentences, and the benefits of puffer fish have been used up. Ouyang Xiu said, "Spring buds are born in Chunzhou, and flowers fly on the spring shore. When puffer fish, it is not expensive to count fish and shrimp. "Two sentences exhausted the beauty of puffer fish. And find out its "wonderful". The puffer fish mainly live in the coastal areas and rivers of China. It is easy to catch fish in the Yangtze River flood season and spring and summer. The earliest record of eating puffer fish in ancient China is that "fish with lungs and lungs will die if eaten" in Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing refers to puffer fish. As early as before the pre-Qin period, people ate puffer fish and died. Until the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, wuyue was rich in puffer fish, which was praised as the best food by the King of Wu, and even enjoyed the reputation of "Xi Stone". The puffer fish liver is called "Xi Stone Liver" and the puffer fish testicles are called "Xi Stone Milk". The early people of wuyue were brave and good at fighting, and it was this heroism that gave them the courage to "risk their lives to eat puffer fish". In contrast, although Mei wrote a wonderful sentence to describe the delicacy of puffer fish, he lacked the spirit of fighting for food.
Third, Fu Zeng and Yuanxiao.
Shangyuan Zhi Zhu Ci
Fuzeng
Sweet-scented osmanthus stuffed walnut,
The river is like a pearl, and the well water is washed.
Seeing that the powder of the vest is good,
Try selling Yuanxiao in the wind.
Speaking of Lantern Festival, it is a well-known food. Fu Zengshi's first two sentences, "Osmanthus fragrans is full of walnuts and rice is like a pearl well." I thought it was walnut cheese jiaozi. Walnut Cheese jiaozi is characterized by matching walnuts with osmanthus fragrans, and the nutty taste of walnuts with the fragrance of osmanthus fragrans, which is a good product for strengthening the brain and strengthening the body. Majia in the poem refers to Ma Siyuan in Beijing, when the Lantern Festival in Beijing was very famous. Yuanxiao is world-famous. However, the Lantern Festival and the custom of eating Yuanxiao did not come into being at the same time, separated by about a thousand years. Lantern Festival was developed and valued in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. There are many legends about the "prosperity" of the Lantern Festival, among which the story of Dong Fangshuo and the Lantern Festival girl is full of romantic feelings. The written record that people began to eat Yuanxiao on the Lantern Festival first appeared in the Song Dynasty. At that time, Yuanxiao was called "floating dumplings", "dumplings", "lactose dumplings" and "sugar dumplings". According to historical records such as Pingyuan Xu, Guangji Four Years Old and Ode to Daming, Yuanxiao, as a timely food to celebrate the Lantern Festival, began in the Song Dynasty. Because we must eat "Zi Yuan" during the Lantern Festival, people named it Yuanxiao. Why is the custom of eating Yuanxiao so different? I think there are two reasons. First of all, the main raw material of Yuanxiao is glutinous rice, which is Jiangmi in Zhi Zhu's Ci of Shangyuan. Glutinous rice mostly grows in the south, and northerners seldom eat glutinous rice in the past, so they are not familiar with its eating method. In the Song Dynasty, both the political center and the economic center moved to the south of the Yangtze River, and food from the south began to spread to the north. Jiaozi, which southerners love to eat, has also become a must-eat food for Lantern Festival because of its unique delicacy and beautiful holiday implication. Second, the production process of Yuanxiao. Just as "It's good to say that Majia drops powder" is emphasized in "Poems on Bamboo Branches in Shangyuan", good Jiang rice noodles are of great significance to the delicacy of Yuanxiao. The technology of grinding glutinous rice into fine powder only existed in Jiangnan a long time ago. Even in the Song Dynasty, glutinous rice balls were just as precious and delicious. This can be seen in Jiang Baishi's poem in the Song Dynasty. "Guests look at the Imperial Street with a hook curtain, and the treasures in the city come for a while, and there is no way to go before the curtain, so they have to return it." The "treasure" in the poem refers to Yuanxiao. Precious is probably because of technology. From this point of view, the description of Yuanxiao in Zhi Zhu Ci of Shangyuan is close to simplicity, but every sentence is to the point.
Three ancient poems, from staple food to dessert, from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, are still inseparable from the south of the Yangtze River. Jiangnan area is nourished by the Yangtze River system, with flat terrain, fertile land, unique advantages and superior conditions. Rice, vegetables, fresh fish and delicious food have created "talented people and beautiful women" and "outstanding people" in Jiangnan. The origin of everything is the gift of the land. Ancient poetry, food and land, "ancient poetry" is history and culture, "land" is geography and nature, and "food" is life attitude. Only in the right time and place can we enjoy a beautiful world. No wonder celebrities always buy a jar of good wine and two dishes of small dishes when they talk about poetry and fu. This world is really interesting.