1. "Be knowledgeable in literature,
This sentence comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye": "The Master said: A gentleman is knowledgeable in literature, and if he makes an appointment with etiquette, it can be ignored. husband! "It means: "Ban" means "back", "Fupan" means not to violate; what is not to violate? It is the "rule" that Confucius said "at the age of seventy, follow the heart's desires without exceeding the rules"; that "rule" "Rule" is the "benevolence" and "righteousness" mentioned above. It's just that when Confucius reached the age of seventy, he could do whatever he wanted without violating benevolence and righteousness, while the average learned gentleman still needs to "make an agreement with etiquette", that is, through the restraint of etiquette. Do not violate benevolence and righteousness. Confucius asked his disciples not to forget the "promise and etiquette" after "learning in literature". This may be related to the phenomenon that some scholars at that time were proud of their "eruditeness" and showed off their capital. Lao Dan once pointed out This bad phenomenon: "A knowledgeable person is not knowledgeable, and a knowledgeable person does not know." Because he is knowledgeable, he goes astray. It is in view of this that Confucius proposed using courtesy as one of the standards for a gentleman. 2. Regarding erudition.
To establish oneself is to establish one's studies first, and to establish one's studies is to read.
If you read thousands of books, you will write like a god.
There is a mountain of books. Diligence is the path, and there is no end to the sea of ??learning.
Reading a book will increase your wisdom.
If you don’t eat, you will be hungry. If you don’t read, you will be stupid.
If you don’t move forward, you don’t know how far you have to go; if you don’t study hard, you don’t understand the truth.
If you don’t cultivate a tree, it won’t grow straight; if you don’t learn, you won’t have knowledge.
Dress it up with pearls. It is better to enrich yourself with knowledge.
Bees pick flowers and make sweet wine, and people read books to understand the truth.
Labor is the source of knowledge; knowledge is the guide to life. >
Knowledge is the torch of wisdom.
Make candles to seek enlightenment, read books to seek reason.
Food nourishes the body, and books enrich the world. The three most precious things are knowledge, food and friendship.
A person who is young will not learn, and an old person will be ignorant. 3. Examples of famous people who are knowledgeable in literature.
Story 1. Mr. The dream has come true
In 1912, the famous rural educator Mr. Yan Yangchu came to Tongnan and went to the experimental primary school to guide the school’s work. Mr. Yan Yangchu’s educational thoughts were deeply influenced by the traditional Confucian culture. , he claimed that "Confucius influenced his life." Therefore, under the influence of his thoughts, the school has deeply imprinted its respect for etiquette, respect for etiquette, advocating Confucian culture, and respecting social morality. . In 1946, Yan Yangchu made Tongnan part of the West China Education Experimental Zone to conduct practical research on rural education. The experimental primary school once again accepted the baptism of this famous educator's thoughts and further solidified its development. The foundation of etiquette culture. At the same time, the then principal Yang Ding and others also vigorously promoted etiquette education. The school has built a glorious education temple for two centuries. As time goes by, the experimental primary school has formed a unique educational style characterized by "rituals".
The teachers of the contemporary experimental primary school have carefully studied the school's nearly two hundred years of running history, and carefully summarized and refined the characteristics of the sages. The educational achievements have been achieved, and the school motto of “be knowledgeable in literature and be courteous in making appointments” has been put forward. These eight characters are taken from "The Analects of Confucius", which means to learn cultural knowledge extensively and restrain one's behavior with etiquette.
Today, looking at Tongnan Experimental Primary School, which is infiltrated by China’s excellent etiquette culture and Mr. Yan Yangchu’s thoughts, the flower of gifting is blooming everywhere. If Mr. Yan could look back, he would definitely smile.
Story 2: The white-haired Xiao and the unfaithful person remain unchanged
The history of the Experimental Primary School is not only a history of the inheritance of school etiquette culture, but also a history of education of etiquette culture. The work of revising the history of Experimental Primary School has always been supported by veteran teachers, especially the 71-year-old teacher Ou Ganxi who has worked in Experimental Primary School for 40 years. He has been working in the Experimental Primary School since 1964 and has made important contributions to the development of the school. After retiring, he still insisted on presiding over the compilation of school history. In order to find original information, he traveled to Chengdu and Chongqing, working tirelessly. In April 2013, in order to rescue first-hand information on school history, he, accompanied by the current president Zhang Bo and other comrades, went to Suining City, Sichuan Province to search for the underground of the Communist Party of China
A veteran party member in Tongnan Ninety-four-year-old teacher Li Yujie retired from the Experimental Primary School. Teacher Ou listened attentively and took careful notes, as if he had returned to the glorious days of educating people with etiquette and educating talents with science in the experimental primary school. Five
For more than ten years, he has devoted his whole life to the Experimental Primary School! He is not only a practitioner of etiquette culture, but also a disseminator of etiquette culture. Even though he has gray hair today, he still pays close attention to the development of this school affectionately
He is a member of the experimental primary school teachers group The epitome of loving school as home and selfless dedication.
Story 3: "Etiquette" is seen in the prompt signs
In Tongnan County Binjiang Wetland Park, there are still some flower beds that have not been fully repaired, and the fences have not been decorated yet. Asakusa Sparse, but some signs such as "The grass is green
Be gentle under your feet" are clearly visible. Below the signs are the words "Zeng Sitong, Class 4, Grade 3, Experimental Primary School" and so on. Looking around, you can see the surrounding green space. There are many signs like this stuck inside. When people see this, they will read the warnings on the signs one by one. No wonder these unformed green spaces are intact. It turns out that the children of Tongnan County Experimental Primary School are here to take care of these fragile green spaces! Oh, the school motto of "Be knowledgeable in literature and treat with courtesy" has been echoed by these young minds. They get spiritual nourishment from the school motto and convey their beautiful hearts to the society. People watch Such a warning sign should make you smile knowingly.
"A smile is a garden, a greeting is spring; a care is warmth, and an ideal is tomorrow." From a distance, the childish school song came, which interprets the meaning of "erudite in literature" , the profound connotation of making an appointment with courtesy!
Story 4: Love to rescue children with leukemia
In Class 4, Grade 2 of the Experimental Primary School, there is a brave little boy named Chen Xingyou. He is only 7 years old, but unfortunately he suffers from leukemia. , the need for bone marrow transplantation, high medical expenses, extremely low success rate of bone marrow matching, and the life and death torture of chemotherapy
put the whole family into an ice cellar. However, Xiao Xingyou did not bow to fate, and underwent bone marrow puncture. I don’t complain about pain, I can tolerate chemotherapy and vomiting, and I have lost all my black hair, but I laugh at myself like a little monk. Soon, our school quickly launched the "Love Donation Activity".
Teachers and students of our school enthusiastically donated money to him. Each employee generously donated 100-500 yuan, and the children also donated their own pocket money, ranging from 10-50 yuan. Parents and friends After hearing the news, our school donated more than 40,000 yuan to her. During his hospitalization, his classmates comforted her and encouraged him.
On March 29, 2013, hematopoietic stem cells from a Taiwanese mother were successfully implanted into little Xingyou. Xingyou was reborn with his own strength and people’s love! In the process of fighting against the disease, not only did Chen Xingyou show his strength and optimism, but all the teachers and students also carried forward the traditional virtues of helping others and helping those in need! 4. What are the poems about "erudite and versatile"
1. "Sending a Gift to Xue Tao"
Tang Dynasty: Yuan Zhen
Jinjiang is smooth and graceful, illusory Wenjun and Xue Tao appear.
His words are as clever as a parrot's tongue, and his articles are as good as phoenix feathers.
They resigned one after another and stopped writing. All the ministers wanted to dream of swords.
After farewell, we miss each other across the smoke and water, and the calamus flowers are as high as five clouds.
Translation: The smoothness of Jinjiang River and the beauty of Mount Emei have transformed into talented women like Zhuo Wenjun and Xue Tao. People who were good at writing stopped writing one after another. The princes all wanted to leave there like Wang Jun Meng Dao was promoted, and they all felt ashamed. After we parted, we missed each other endlessly across the distance. This longing was as blooming as the irises in the courtyard and as high as the auspicious clouds in the sky.
2. "On Five Poems·Part 2"
Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty
Li Du's poems have been passed down by thousands of mouths, but they are no longer new.
Talented people have emerged from generation to generation, and each has led the way for hundreds of years.
Translation: The poems of Li Bai and Du Fu were once praised by thousands of people, but now they feel nothing new when they are read. There are many talented people in the country from generation to generation, and their poems, articles and popularity will be passed down for hundreds of years.
3. "Moon on the Xijiang River Farewell"
Su Shi of the Song Dynasty
Last night the boat arrived at Jingkou, now the horse leader is in Changan. What is the old official and the new official? There is only Hushan koan.
This scene has changed several times over the past century, and it is difficult to describe it. Make your talent make waves. And judge new poems.
Translation: Your boat left Jingkou last night, and this morning my horse's head looked at Chang'an in the distance. What did the old official tell the new official? There are only West Lake, Wushan, official affairs, and cases. How many times has the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou changed over the past century? It contains mysteries and is difficult to comment on. The talent of the new governor, Mr. Lin, can make waves in the Qiantang River. I present to you my new poem. Please provide detailed guidance.
4. "Farewell to Dong Chuan"
Song Dynasty: Su Shi
His career was wrapped in thick silk cloth, and he was full of poetry and calligraphy.
I hate accompanying the old scholar to cook gourd leaves, but force me to step on the locust flowers with my son.
I have nothing to do but look for a young horse, and my eyes wander around looking at the car for choosing a son-in-law.
Being proud is worthy of being praised by the secular world, and the edicts of Huang Xinshi are like crows.
Translation: In life, the body is wrapped in coarse clothes and poor cloth, but the intellectual temperament in the chest is naturally radiant. He didn't like to accompany the old Confucian and talk about the hard life of "cooking gourd leaves", so he decided to take the imperial examination with the officials.
If you don’t have money in your pocket, you won’t buy the “flower-looking” horse, but you will buy the dazzling “husband-selection car”. If I pass the exam, I can still boast to the secular people. My name is newly written in black letters like crows on the edict.
5. "Remembering Li Bai in Spring"
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
Bai Ye's poems are incomparable, and his thoughts are unparalleled.
Yu Kaifu is fresh and handsome, and he joins the army.
Spring trees in Weibei, dusk clouds in Jiangdong.
When a bottle of wine, important and detailed essays.
Translation: Li Bai's poetry is unrivaled, and his superb talents are far beyond ordinary people. Li Bai's poems have the freshness of Yu Xin's poems and the elegant style of Bao Zhao's works.
Now, I am alone in Weibei, facing the trees in spring, while you are far away in Jiangdong, looking at the dusk and thin clouds. The sky is far apart, and I can only miss each other from a distance. When will we be able to drink together at the same table and discuss our poetry in detail again? 5. Be knowledgeable in literature, and treat people with courtesy.
Original text 6.27 Confucius said: "A gentleman is knowledgeable in literature, and if you treat people with courtesy in (1), you can also avoid (2) and follow husband (3)."
Notes (1) About: One interpretation is restraint; the other interpretation is simplicity. (2) Pan: Same as "rebellion". (3) Yifu: a modal particle, expressing a stronger exclamation.
Translation Confucius said: "A gentleman who studies ancient cultural classics extensively and restrains himself with etiquette can not deviate from the Taoism."
Commentary on this chapter clearly explains that Confucius educational purposes. Of course he does not advocate deviance, so how to do it? He believed that ancient classics should be studied extensively and one should use "rituals" to restrain oneself. In the final analysis, he wanted to cultivate gentlemen who understood "etiquette".
This sentence comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye": "The Master said: A gentleman is knowledgeable in literature, and if he makes an appointment with etiquette, he can also be with you!"
It means: The meaning of "Ban" is "back", and "F side" means not to violate; what is not to violate? It is the "rule" that Confucius said, "At seventy, one should follow the heart's desires without exceeding the rules." That "rule" is the "benevolence" and "righteousness" mentioned earlier. It's just that when Confucius reached the age of seventy, he could do whatever he wanted without violating benevolence and righteousness, while the average learned gentleman still needs to "make an appointment with etiquette", that is, through the restraint of etiquette, in order to do so without violating benevolence and righteousness. Confucius asked his disciples not to forget the "promises and etiquette" after "becoming knowledgeable in literature". This may be related to the phenomenon that some scholars at that time were proud of their "eruditeness" and showed off their capital. Lao Dan once pointed out this bad phenomenon: "Those who know do not know well, and those who know well do not know." Because of being knowledgeable, one goes astray. It is precisely in view of this that Confucius proposed using courtesy as one of the standards for a gentleman. 6. Be knowledgeable in literature and make appointments with etiquette
Be knowledgeable in literature and treat appointments with etiquette
A gentleman should study extensively in culture and use etiquette to restrain himself in behavior
Original text
Confucius said: "If a gentleman is knowledgeable in literature and makes appointments with etiquette, can he still be with his husband?"
Comments
①Challenge: Same as "rebellion", referring to deviance.
Translation
Confucius said: "A gentleman who studies cultural knowledge extensively and restrains himself with etiquette will not deviate from the Taoist tradition!"
Read Explanation
Yan Yuan once said: "Master is always good at seducing people. He persuades me with words and invites me with courtesy." ("Zihan")
This shows that Confucius is not only like this said, and it is also implemented in education.
It is necessary to learn cultural knowledge and improve ideological cultivation. Moral education and intellectual education should be provided at the same time. Isn’t this the educational policy of “both red and professional”?
If you are really good at foreign affairs, both famous and expert, and have both good character and learning, you will naturally not be deviant. 7. Is there any ancient text about erudition?
Is there any erudition here? Does it mean learning more, or does it mean a person has a lot of knowledge? "Xunzi Encourages Learning" The gentleman said: Learning is inevitable.
Green comes from blue, and blue comes from blue; ice and water are. It is cold in the water. The wood is straight and the rope is used as a wheel. Its bend is regular. Although it is rough and no longer straight, the wood is straightened by the rope. , Metal will be sharpened if it is sharpened. If a gentleman is knowledgeable and examines himself every day, he will know clearly and act without fault. Therefore, if he does not climb a high mountain, he does not know how high the sky is; Last words, I don’t know how great knowledge is.
The sons of Qian, Yue, Yi, and Raccoon are born with the same voice, and they have different customs. The poem says: "Sigh, you gentleman, there is no permanence." rest in peace.
Jing *** your position, it is good to be upright. God listens to it and introduces you to Jingfu. "
There is no god greater than the Tao, and no blessing can last longer than the absence of disaster. It is better for me to think about it all day long than to learn in just a moment.
It is better to climb high than to stand on my knees and look up. It means broad vision. If you climb high and move, your arms will not be lengthened, but the sight will be far away; if you shout with the wind, the sound will not be faster, but the sound will be louder.
Those who pretend to be horses are not benefiting from their feet. , and travel thousands of miles; a fake boat can't swim, and it can't stop a river. A gentleman is born to be good at fake things.
There is a bird in the south, called the Mongolian dove. It uses its feathers as a nest, braiding them with its hair and tying them with reeds. When the wind blows, the eggs break and the eggs die. The nest is not endless, but it is tied to it.
There is a tree in the west, called Shegan, with a stem four inches long. It grows on a high mountain and is close to the abyss of a hundred ren. The fluffy hemp grows upright without support; the white sand grows black in the nirvana.
The root of the orchid locust tree is Zhi, and as it gradually grows, gentlemen will not approach it, and common people will not accept it. Its quality is not unattractive, but it is so gradually.
Therefore, a gentleman must choose a hometown when he lives, and must find scholars when traveling, so he should guard against evil and stay close to the right. The origin of things must have a beginning.
When honor and disgrace come, they must be like their virtues. Insects appear in the rotting meat, and beetles appear in the fish.
If you neglect yourself and forget yourself, you will cause disaster. Strength takes its own pillars, softness takes its own bundles.
The evil and filth in the body are caused by resentment. If the firewood is applied in one layer, the fire will be dry; if the flat ground is in one layer, the water will be wet.
Plants and trees grow everywhere, birds and animals flock together, and everything is according to its kind. When the nature is stretched, the bows and arrows reach far; when the trees are lush, the axes reach far; when the trees form shade, the birds rest.
The acid is sour, and the gnats are gathered together. Therefore, words can bring disaster, and actions can bring disgrace. A gentleman should be careful about where he stands! Accumulating soil creates a mountain, and wind and rain stir up it; accumulating water creates a abyss, and dragons emerge; accumulating good deeds creates virtue, and the gods are content with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared.
Therefore, if you don’t accumulate steps, you can’t reach a thousand miles; if you don’t accumulate small streams, you can’t reach a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times, but it's hard to give up.
If you persevere, the rotten wood will not be broken; if you persevere, the gold and stone can be carved. Earthworms don't have sharp claws and teeth, nor strong bones and muscles. They eat earth and drink from the underworld. They have the same intention.
A crab with six knees and two claws is not the cave of a snake and eel. If you have nothing to rely on, you are impatient. Therefore, those who have no deep ambitions will not have clear enlightenment; those who have no shameful things will not have great achievements.
Those who follow the road will not come, and those who serve the two kings will not tolerate it. The eyes cannot see both ways and the ears cannot hear both ways.
The snake has no legs and can fly, and the rat has five skills. The poem says: "The corpse of the dove is in the mulberry, and its son is seven.
A gentleman's manners are one. His manners are one, and his heart is like a knot."
Therefore, a gentleman Tie together. In the past, when the gourd played the harp, the floating fish came out to listen; when Boya played the harp, the six horses raised their heads.
Therefore, no sound is too small to be heard, no action is invisible but not visible. Jade is in the mountains and the grass and trees are moist; pearls grow in the abyss but the cliffs are not withered.
Do good deeds without accumulating evil, and there will be those who don’t listen to it! Is this the beginning of learning evil? The end of evil? He said: The number begins with chanting sutras and ends with reading rituals; the meaning begins with being a scholar and ends with being a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will enter.
Learn until you are done with it and then stop. Therefore, learning numbers has an end, and if its meaning cannot be abandoned even for a moment.
For the sake of humans, we should abandon the beasts. Therefore, the book is the discipline of political affairs; the poet is the end of the sound; the etiquette is the great law, and it is the discipline of the class.
Therefore, learning only ends with etiquette. This is what is called the ultimate morality.
The respect of etiquette and writing, the harmony in music, the breadth of poetry and calligraphy, the subtleties of spring and autumn, are all between heaven and earth. The learning of a gentleman enters the ear, the chopsticks touch the heart, spreads over the four bodies, and forms the shape of movement and stillness.
To put it simply, creeping and moving can be regarded as a rule. The learning of a villain enters the ear and exits the mouth. Between the mouth and the ear is four inches of ear, which is enough to beautify a seven-foot body! Scholars in ancient times were for themselves, but scholars today are for others.
The way a gentleman learns is to beautify his body. The learning of a villain is like a calf.
Therefore, if you don’t ask, you will be told that you are proud; if you ask one question, you will be told two and it will be called [praise]. To be proud is not true; [to praise] is not true; a gentleman is like Xiang.
If you don’t learn from others, you will get close to them. The rituals, music, and methods are not explained, the poems and books are not clear, and the Spring and Autumn Period are simple but not fast.
Fang’s people’s habits and what a gentleman says should be respected throughout the world. Therefore, it is said: If you don't learn, don't approach others.
Learning the classics quickly is the best way to treat people well, and Taung Li comes second. If the superior cannot be kind to the person, and the inferior cannot be courteous, Ante will learn miscellaneous knowledge and just follow the poems and books! Then in the last days and in the poor years, one will inevitably become a crude scholar.
The original king was benevolent and righteous, so he was polite and straightened his longitude, latitude and path. If you pull out the fur collar and pause with five fingers, there will be countless people who obey.
If you don’t follow the rules of etiquette and use poems and books to do it, it’s just like measuring a river with a finger, pounding millet with a spear, or cooking a pot with a cone. You can’t get it. Therefore, although Longli is not clear, he is a Dharma scholar; if Longli is not, although he is investigating and arguing, he is a Confucian scholar.
Don’t complain to those who ask about suffering. If you complain, don't ask.
Don’t listen to those who talk about suffering. Don't argue with those who are ambitious.
Therefore, you must arrive at the path and then pick it up. If it is not the path, avoid it. Therefore, courtesy and respect can then be related to the way of speaking; obedient diction can be related to the principle of speaking; color can be followed, and then it can be related to the way of speaking.
Therefore, it cannot be said to be proud in words, it can be said to be hidden in words and not to look at one's complexion, it can be said to be blind. Therefore, a gentleman should neither be arrogant, nor hide nor blind, but should obey his own conduct.
The poem says: "The bandit makes love, the bandit relaxes, it is given by the emperor." This is what it means.
Missing one out of a hundred shots is not a good shot. A thousand miles without even a single step is not a good command.
If there is no common understanding of ethics and inconsistent benevolence and righteousness, it cannot be called good learning. Those who study hard must learn one thing firmly.
As soon as you come out, you will come in, and you are a person in the alley.
There are few good people and many bad people. It is like Jie and Zhou stealing the plant.
If you try everything, then you will become a scholar. A gentleman knows that incompleteness and purity are not enough to be beautiful, so he should recite it several times to understand it, think about it to understand it, deal with it for others, and maintain it to eliminate its harm.
Make your eyes have no desire to see what is not right, make your ears have no desire to hear anything not right, make your mouth have no desire to speak anything not right, and make your heart have no desire to think about anything not right. When it is good, the five colors are good for the eyes, the five sounds are good for the ears, the five tastes are good for the mouth, and the mind is good for the whole world.
Therefore, power cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken. Life is based on this, and death is based on this. This is called moral conduct.
Morality can then be determined. Be able to settle and then be able to respond.
To be able to respond with determination is to be called an adult. Heaven sees its light, and the earth sees it. 8. "If you are knowledgeable in literature, you will have a shame in doing what you do."
"If you are knowledgeable in literature, there will be a shame in doing what you do." The vernacular translation of "From oneself to the world and the country, all things should be learned" is to learn cultural knowledge extensively, and to act with a sense of shame in one's own conduct. From one's own personal affairs to the affairs of the world and the country, everything should be learned
Regarding "being knowledgeable in literature", Gu Yanwu pointed out that "from oneself to the world", everything related to the national economy and people's livelihood must be explored in a down-to-earth manner. The practical knowledge of managing the world is opposed to the empty knowledge of words and deeds. The author believes that scholar-bureaucrats must not only do something in comings and goings, coming in and out, saying and receiving, and taking and receiving. , and should take the world as one's own responsibility.
Extended information
"It is shameful to be knowledgeable in literature. This is something that all countries in the world should learn from themselves." This article comes from Gu Yanwu's "Book of Discussing Studies with Friends". This article is selected from Volume 3 of "Gu Tinglin's Poetry and Essays - Tinglin's Anthology". This is a letter to a friend. The letter talks about the great principle of learning.
The letter criticizes the academic style of some Neo-Confucianists since Wang Shouren in the Ming Dynasty who talk about human nature and is divorced from reality, and proposes that learning should inherit the emphasis on practical learning since Confucius and Mencius. Don't just talk in vain, you should be "learned in literature" and "act with shame", and pay equal attention to erudition and self-cultivation. This is also inspired by the actions of some scholar-bureaucrats in the early Qing Dynasty.
This is a famous article. According to recent research, it was written in the sixth year of Kangxi. The "friends" in the title refer to Zhang Erqi and others. Zhang Erqi, courtesy name Jiruo, was a scholar of Shunzhi in the Ming Dynasty. In the fourteenth year, Gu Yanwu traveled north to Jinan and became friends with him immediately. From then on, the two exchanged letters. Zhang Erqi was very moved after reading this book and immediately wrote a reply.