2. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, compiled in Qin and Han Dynasties, contains more than 70 kinds of eye drops, which can be used to treat diseases such as eyelids, canthus, white eyes, black eyes and pupils, as well as eye symptoms of some systemic diseases. And many drugs are commonly used in ophthalmology.
At the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases. This book deals with 20 kinds of eye diseases, such as red eye, black eye and illiteracy. However, Zhongjing started from the overall concept, involving systemic pulse syndrome and syndrome differentiation and treatment, which laid the foundation for the future treatment of eye diseases with systemic syndrome differentiation and treatment.
4. Chao et al. in Sui Dynasty, "On Stages of Diseases and Pathogens" concentrated 38 periods in a volume of eye diseases, including eyelid, canthus, white, black and pupil diseases. In addition, exophthalmos, myopia and some eye diseases related to systemic diseases have also been recorded, and the description of symptoms and the discussion of the source of the disease are a step forward.
5. The first volume of "Thousands of Women" written by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty lists the diseases of the seven orifices. For the first time, he clearly put forward 19 factors that are easy to cause eye diseases, as well as some precautions to prevent eye diseases, and also described the blindness of the elderly for the first time. In the treatment of eye diseases, 8 1 oral and external prescriptions such as Qushen Pill were recorded, and the eyesight improving effect of eating animal liver such as cattle and sheep was put forward for the first time. In addition, the external treatment methods of eye diseases, such as fumigation, external application, hook cutting, acupuncture and massage therapy, are also introduced. So this book has a great influence on the development of ophthalmology in later generations.
6. Wang Tao wrote "The Secret of Outside Taiwan" and quoted India's "Tianzhu Classic on Eyes" in the eye disease volume. In the aspect of eye anatomy, it is pointed out that the eyes are covered with a light membrane, the outer membrane is white, and the water membrane of black eyes is only heavy, so it can't be touched: the eyes are black and white, the liver duct is not stagnant, and the three lights are externally supported, so from the internal knowledge. When discussing the source of the disease, the author put forward a unique opinion that the green nebula, green eye (equivalent to glaucoma) and other eye diseases are all caused by insufficient hepatic ducts and eye hole blockage. Moreover, it is pointed out that this disease must be treated quickly at the beginning, and it can no longer be treated if it is sick. In the treatment of eye diseases, it is said that the treatment of cyanosis with cerebral hemorrhage (equivalent to cataract) "should be decided with a golden grate. After a needle, if the clouds open, the sky will see." This is the earliest record of cataract after needle extraction in ancient Chinese medicine books. This book is of great reference value.
7. Dragon Tree Eye Theory is the first influential ophthalmology book in China. Unfortunately, the original book has long been lost, and only the Japanese compiled it when compiling the Korean Collection of Medical Prescriptions. This book can be roughly divided into two parts: general theory and various theories. The etiology and pathogenesis mentioned in the general discussion are similar to those in the theory of various diseases and syndromes, mainly controlling wind and heat; There are 30 eye diseases in each paper. The terms of eye anatomy in the book are richer than those in the previous literature, such as eyelids and eyelids, which are all seen for the first time; The number of eye diseases involved has increased to more than 60. In terms of treatment, we not only pay attention to drugs, but also record a variety of surgical treatment methods, such as cutting and cauterizing pterygium for eye climbing, and performing surgery on "eyelid nucleus (sputum nucleus)" for the first time. The description of "cataract needle opening method" is more detailed than that of predecessors.
8. Song of Benson Liu's Eye Theory is another special book on ophthalmology written in the late Tang Dynasty, also known as Song of Benson Liu's Eye Theory (Song History). This book is a poetic genre, easy to remember and praise. The "Song of Judgment" in the existing "On the Secret Eyes and Longmu" comes from this book. The "five poems" in the book and the method of classifying 72 kinds of eye diseases according to internal and external obstacles have had a far-reaching impact on the ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine in the future.
9. In the volume Taiping Sheng Huifang compiled in the early Song Dynasty, the two volumes Ophthalmology summarized the achievements of ophthalmology before the Song Dynasty and made some progress. The collected prescriptions are classified according to indications, and the etiology and pathogenesis of each syndrome are briefly expounded. This book applies the five-wheel theory of ophthalmology for the first time, emphasizing the close relationship between the eye and the whole with "the eyes pass through the five internal organs and the qi passes through the five wheels". In addition to a large number of records of internal treatment and external treatment, the book also introduces in detail the operation of removing obstacles with gold needles.
10, more than a hundred years later, there was the "Total Record of the Holy Relics", which is a multi-volume book with a good theoretical discussion. On the basis of Taiping Shenghui Prescription, the ophthalmology section has been expanded to volume 12, including 58 kinds of eye diseases and 2 kinds of operations, and records the prescriptions of various eye diseases with rich contents. As for eye drops, many kinds of people can be found in the famous official drug book "Reconstructing the History of Politics and Economics" in the Song Dynasty, and some foreign drugs, such as myrrh and borneol, have been absorbed.
1 1, The Effective Prescriptions of Famous Doctors in the World edited by Wei Yilin in Yuan Dynasty, in which the first book of ophthalmology focuses on the theory of five rounds and eight classes, and then expounds the syndrome differentiation and treatment of 72 syndromes in ophthalmology respectively, which is concise and practical.
12 Long Mu on Ophthalmology, compiled by doctors in Song and Yuan Dynasties, is a masterpiece of ophthalmology. The book is divided into 10 volume, and 1-6 volume mainly lists the "72 prescriptions" of ophthalmology, each of which is equipped with "the song of judgment"; Volume 7 is the secret name of each family; The eighth volume is acupuncture classics; Volume 9- 10 discusses the medicinal properties of various prescriptions. The main content of this book is to describe the causes, symptoms and treatment methods of 72 kinds of eye diseases according to the classification of internal and external obstacles, and to introduce the ancient surgical methods such as pulling out the internal obstacles with the needle, hooking, cutting, sickle and washing, which have great influence on later generations. After the text of 10, there is a Long Mu Collection of Daoism and Baoguang Ophthalmology, the main part of which is Seventy-two Questions of Ophthalmology, the specific content of which is different from the previous Fang Seventy-two Treatises. In addition, after the "five rounds", the "eight classes" of ophthalmology were discussed in detail for the first time. Although the influence of the Eight Outline is not as good as that of the Five Round Theory, it still has certain reference significance.
13, Hai Yin Jing Wei is an ophthalmology book written by Sun Simiao after the Song Dynasty. The book first introduces the five rounds and eight classes theory and some basic theories of TCM ophthalmology syndrome differentiation, and then lists the causes, symptoms and treatment methods of more than 80 kinds of eye diseases, with a brief diagram of eye diseases. In addition, the sequence and methods of five rounds of ophthalmological examination are also introduced. This book has a clear idea of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and many internal medicine prescriptions are also concise and practical. External treatment also adopts the methods of point, washing, drama, branding and clamping, and especially describes the surgical method of removing obstacles with gold needles.
14 During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the medical schools were mainly represented by Liu, Li, Zhu Zhenheng. Liu emphasized the theory that fiery heat is a disease. In ophthalmology, he believes that the redness and swelling of the eyes belong to heat, and advocates reducing fire and nourishing kidney water, focusing on cold drugs. Inherited and developed Liu's theory of fire control. In ophthalmology, he believes that eyes are not sick because of fire, and anyone who can cure fire can cure it. He advocated putting all evils aside and making good use of attacking the enemy. Dai Li advocated the theory of internal injuries. In ophthalmology, he believes that spleen deficiency cannot affect the essence of the five internal organs, so his eyes are unclear. Therefore, regulating the spleen and stomach and nourishing qi and blood are important methods to treat eye diseases. Zhu Zhenheng believes that fire is the thief of vitality, and yin deficiency leads to fire, and the method of nourishing yin and reducing fire is reused to treat diseases. In ophthalmology, he believes that eye diseases are nothing more than deficiency, deficiency, blurred eyes are kidney water deficiency, and eye swelling and pain are liver meridian wind and heat. Those with internal deficiency should nourish kidney yin, those with internal deficiency should dissipate wind and heat, and those with deficiency and excess should dissipate heat and nourish yin. Although the above four theories have their own strengths, they are also inseparable from the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and the rational use of them by future generations has further enriched the theory and practice of ophthalmology.
15, Ni, a famous ophthalmologist in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, wrote the book Microscopy of Original Machine. In the first book, eye diseases are classified into 18 categories according to their etiology. Combining theory with practice, the pathogenesis is analyzed in detail and treated according to syndrome differentiation. The second volume discusses prescription compatibility, with more than 40 prescriptions for ophthalmic diseases and prescription descriptions. This is an ophthalmology book with systematic theory.
During the period of 16, Wei Ruzheng, a famous ophthalmologist in Boxing, Shandong Province, was the representative. His book Anthology of Ophthalmology is divided into four parts, which records and describes in detail the detailed dialectical skills and principles of TCM ophthalmology for various difficult eye diseases. The content is concise and practical, with illustrations. Internal treatment is mainly to regulate zang-fu organs and meridians, while external treatment is mainly to fumigate, wash and massage. This is a comprehensive problem.
17, in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China, Wei Chunnei, the second generation of Wei's traditional Chinese medicine ophthalmology, inherited his father's business, and 17 years old studied medicine with his father. Because of his father's example, he mastered the skills of diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases in five or six years, and was able to flexibly apply the ancestral prescriptions to practice, which achieved remarkable results and gained a high reputation.
Wei Chunni often said: "Learning is expensive and you can grow, and you can grow without learning." He believes that although the eye is a local organ, it is closely related to internal organs. Ophthalmology is developed on the basis of internal medicine theory. Laying a good foundation of internal medicine is the basis of learning ophthalmology well. Therefore, he not only focused on ophthalmology monographs, but also carefully studied medical books such as Neijing, Typhoid, Jingui and Epidemic Febrile Diseases. So ophthalmology and internal medicine are excellent.
Wei Chunni has been practicing medicine for more than 40 years and has rich clinical experience in ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to inherit and carry forward the medical heritage of the motherland and leave valuable clinical experience for future generations, he compiled the remaining difficult cases collected at ordinary times into the Journal of Ophthalmology Clinical Diseases, and recorded the etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, treatment principles and prescriptions in detail. In order to integrate his clinical experience with his father's life experience, he began to reorganize the ophthalmology books over 50, and tentatively named it "Redefining Ophthalmology Books". The formalities were not finished, but unfortunately they were lost in the Japanese raid. Wei Chunni died of illness in the spring of, at the age of 69.
18, in the early days of the People's Republic of China, Wei, the third descendant of Wei's TCM ophthalmology, was an ophthalmologist in Boxing County People's Hospital of Binzhou City. Engaged in the clinical work of ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine for more than 50 years, he not only has profound attainments in ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine, but also has rich clinical experience in internal medicine, gynecology and pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine, so he enjoys a high reputation among the broad masses of the people. Ren County, member of the Standing Committee of CPPCC, 1-9 County People's Congress, twice participated in the ophthalmology academic exchange meeting held by provinces and districts, and was invited to teach Chinese ophthalmology in the traditional Chinese medicine class of Binzhou Medical College. 1985 10, he attended the exchange meeting of people from all walks of life held by CPPCC. In, which lasted for three years, the accumulated experience and secret recipe were compiled into a book "Axillary Eye Collection of Traditional Chinese Medicine", which was handed down later. The Collection of Ophthalmology of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a monograph on ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine, which has considerable reference value for the future development of ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine.