Let's read a passage from "Liu Fujun Ming and Tombstone" written by Pei Du, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty: Liu Taizhen "stayed in a hotel in yugan county eight years ago, in the Spring and Autumn Period, on March 8, Zhenyuan. ..... In words to trillion domain, the right to Danyang villa. On October 19, the eighteenth year of Zhenyuan, Fang Yili was buried in Xufang Ancient Plain, Lishui County, Xuancheng. " I'd like to make some comments on this not too difficult classical Chinese. "trillion domain" is the cemetery, and "returning the word trillion domain" is to return to the ancestral grave for burial according to Liu Taizhen's account before his death; "Leafless Turtle (xié)" is not divination, which means that the teacher of Yin and Yang calculated that it would be unfavorable to be buried immediately, so he temporarily stopped mourning at "Danyang Villa"; 10 years later, according to Liu Taizhen's dying will, he was buried in Tang Zhe (Ancient Square Market) in Lishui. In this inscription, Pei Du repeatedly stressed that it was Liu Taizhen's strong wish to be buried back in Lishui Square Market. Liu Taizhen is attached to his hometown where he was born and raised, and must be buried there after his death. There is no doubt that Liu Taizhen was from Lishui in the Tang Dynasty.
Liu Taizhen is from Pengcheng. At the end of Yongjia (AD 307-3 13), the Jin royal family moved south, and the Liu family moved to Jinling. I don't know when to move to Lishui. The first generation ancestor Liu Tao, General Sui, the prefect of Guiyang. High-impedance Liu Guan, don't drive for Xiangzhou; Great-grandfather Liu Wei is the secretariat of Huangzhou; Grandfather Liu Ji joined the army and was the secretariat of Hongzhou; Father Liu Ruojun, although a scholar, did not enter the official career. After his death, because his son was an outstanding official, the court gave him a letter of recommendation. His brother Liu Taichong was admitted to Jinshi one year earlier than Liu Taizhen. At that time, the two brothers successively won the lottery, which caused a sensation in Beijing. Liu Taichong served as a plain satrap in Yan Zhenqing during the Anshi Rebellion. During the Baoying period of Dai Zongchao (762-763 AD), Yan Zhenqing served as assistant minister of the official department, and once promoted Liu Taichong to "surpass the title". However, Liu Taichong was unlucky, his official career was abolished, and he was poor and trapped at home. Yan Zhenqing was relegated to Yiling by Yuan Zai, the prime minister, and later moved to Luling as the secretariat. When he took office, he specially passed through Lishui Putang. It is very likely that Liu Taichong rushed to Putang to see Yan Zhenqing, or it may be that Liu Taichong invited Yan Zhenqing to his house and told him that he planned to travel to the West. Yan Zhenqing immediately splashed ink and wrote "Send Liu Taichong to Syria", which is a great event in the history of calligraphy. Seeing Liu Taichong off is a treasure of French calligraphy. There are praises to Liu Taichong's brothers in Xu: "If the fruit is clean and refined, it is gentle and gorgeous, which is not as beautiful as China", "I admire the Taizhen family, and I will hear it later"; There is encouragement for Liu Taichong: "Go to the West, there will be hope." "What a son!" This shows Yan Zhenqing's appreciation and love for the Liu brothers.
Liu Taizhen received strict Confucian orthodox education since childhood. He began to study hard at the age of fifteen. At the age of twenty, his moral cultivation and literary talent had been praised by people at that time. Pei Du praised in "Tombstone Inscription in Liu Fujun", "Five out of ten people are determined to learn Taoism, and their righteousness is weak, their words are magnificent, and their reputation is better than other men." Liu Taizhen studied in Shi Ying when he was young. Xiao, Mao Ting, Lan Ling. "In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan, he was a scholar, and the countermeasures were the first ... He was famous all over the world, and his name was Joy." "The Japanese (Japan) sent an envoy to the DPRK. Since Chen wants Joy as a teacher, China scholar Zhang Jian and others can't stop it." Shi Ying Jr. is straightforward, knowledgeable and has a good temper. Even Li, the prime minister, won't buy it; When he lived in Jinling, Li Lin of Wang Yong invited him to enter the screen, but he didn't agree with Cai Li. There are countless people in the world who want to join him and worship him as a teacher, but Joy "has a wide range of talents but few lures." However, when Shi Ying Jr. saw Liu Taizhen, he "stretched his seat to the right, and the Confucius Gate was not here?" Liu Taizhen became Shi Ying's favorite student. Shi Ying Jr. said, "I think my brother has Andrew's knowledge and Liu Taizhen's articles, which is his first choice. This spring, even Confucianism, A and B, Shu, please stop explaining, which is the crown of the time. " During the Tianbao period, Liu Taizhen first met little Shi Ying in Zhenjiang, and then followed him to the capital. It was not until Tianbao was admitted to the imperial examination in his last year that he left the teacher. Xiao wrote a letter to Liu Taizhen and wrote a song "Jiangzhou" to see him off.
Liu Taizhen made an appointment with Jinshi around the end of Tianbao. In the Tang dynasty, there were no officials who took the test of scholar, but they had to be selected by the official department. Some people are not allowed to serve for many years, stay at home, or enter the shogunate of the buffer region. Only ten days after Liu Taizhen was elected, the court recruited his school secretary. "Let's pass on the story of the dragon head and lead the secretary of Rongyuan." If you want to be number one, you should be an official of the imperial court at once, and "die in the world at dawn." In the summer of May that year (lunar calendar), I asked for leave to go back to my hometown and rely on my parents. Shortly after Liu Taizhen returned to his hometown, "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, and then the two cities fell one after another. The capital can't go back, and the official can't do it. During the ten years before and after the Anshi Rebellion, Liu Taizhen stayed in her hometown, studied hard and served her parents. "Is a curse or abuse, the central plains. I concentrate on going to the grave, retire to the village, enjoy forgetting poverty, and live in peace. " It was not until the second year of Guangde (AD 764) that Liu Taizhen was recommended as the left guard Cao by Li Jiqing, the ambassador of Jianghuai and the ancient scholar. In the second year of Yongtai (A.D. 766), Li Guangbi, deputy marshal of Hanoi, and Qiu invited Liu Taizhen to help himself and made him a judge of Dali. Liu Taizhen was full of gratitude and returned to Huaibei. However, considering that the war was not peaceful, he was too far away from home, and his parents were left unattended at home, he returned to his hometown halfway.
Liu Taizhen is filial to her parents and friendly to her brothers. Pei Du recorded two things on Liu Fujun's tombstone: Liu Taizhen's father had a toxic ulcer due to heat, and the doctor warned him not to touch it with his hands, but Liu Taizhen actually used his mouth to take and suck pus. Once, he and his eldest brother went to the county to buy some fresh vegetables. It was getting dark. On the way, I suddenly met a robber pulling a bow and arrow to block the road. Liu Taizhen quickly told the man his name and where he lived, and said that you can take anything at will, as long as it doesn't hurt my brother. Hearing this, the robber was frightened and said, I didn't know you were Liu brothers. I was ashamed and ran away. Liu Taizhen teaches by example. "Therefore, the clan relatives call it filial piety, and the township party calls it mourning." Li Qiyun, an observer of western Zhejiang and an ancient suggestion, heard about this matter and recommended him to the court as the magistrate of Changshu. He worked as a county magistrate in Changshu for a short time, and his mother died. He was so sad that he resigned and went home to be filial to his mother. After three years of military service and six years of Dali (AD 77 1 year), Chen Shaoyou, an observer in eastern Zhejiang and a secretariat and remonstrator of Xuanzhou, invited him to work in Xuancheng. Liu Taizhen doesn't want to leave his father's side, but considering Chen Shaoyou's deep love for himself, especially his respect for his father. At 4: 08, Chen Shaoyou sent someone to send gifts and greetings to Liu Taizhen's father, so Liu Taizhen promised Chen Shaoyou to go to Xuancheng for business. Chen Shaoyou played in the imperial court, and Liu Taizhen granted the imperial supervision. In Xuancheng, Chen Shaoyou relied heavily. Chen Shaoyou is both his boss and his friend. Therefore, Liu Taizhen is in a happy mood. He often travels in Xuancheng, drinking and writing poems. One of them is entitled "The pavilions in Xuanzhou Dongfeng are endowed with moss on the ancient walls": "Ran Ran has a spring when it is warm and cold, and it is full of ancient dangerous walls. The light is solitary and green, and the color is silent. Deep pine moon, you have your own calendar. " Soon, Chen Shaoyou moved to Yangzhou, and Liu Taizhen followed Chen Shaoyou to Yangzhou as a festival official, and later became a counselor. He worked hard to be an official and thanked Chen Shaoyou for meeting him.
In the first year of Jianzhong (AD 780), Tang Dezong Shi immediately ascended the throne. Shi Li is a timid emperor in governing the country, but he is very talented in literature. He was called "a genius with a beautiful mind" and "a learned man", so a famous scholar like Liu Taizhen immediately won the favor of Tang Dezong. As soon as Dezong acceded to the throne, Liu Taizhen was appointed as a living lang. Not long after, he was appointed as the foreign minister of Shangshu Sixun, and soon he was appointed as the foreign minister of the official department to participate in the assessment of officials. With his knowledge and talent, Liu Taizhen quickly became famous in the ruling and opposition circles. Pei Du said that Liu Taizhen worked in the official department. "Comprehensive nuclear product flow, practicing procedures, hiding traitors, analyzing stagnation, famous works Nangong, hope to go to the west." Dezong appreciated Liu Taizhen's talent and promoted him to driver and doctor. National laws and regulations, imperial edicts, imperial edicts, imperial edicts, are all written by Liu Taizhen. After Liu Taizhen went to Beijing, she had a pleasant journey. She built it for three years (AD 782), and her ability gave her a fish bag. This kind of fish bag was worn by four officials in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Taizhen went to Beijing for three years and moved four times. He went from eight-product Langguan to four-product Guanguan, which really soared.
In the summer of the fourth year of Jianzhong (AD 783), Liu Taizhen was promoted to the position of Sheren of Zhongshu. It was the third noon in October that year, and Rao Lingyan, our time messenger from Jingyuan, left Beijing and arrived in Lishui. The soldiers mutinied and rebelled, and Rao Lingyan could not control the situation. The next day, the German Sect King Jin installed two cars of ribbons to appease him, but the army had rushed into the palace, and Chen Bing was in Phoenix. Dezong quickly called Ce Shen's army to resist, but none of them came, so Tang Dezong had to flee with 100 people, including princes, kings, princesses and concubines. When he fled to Xianyang that night, Dezong ate a few spoonfuls of rice in a hurry and fled to Fengtian, a major town in the northwest (now Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province, not Fengtian in the northeast) overnight. The rebels looted the capital and welcomed Juba as a marshal. Zhu Ba calls himself Qiu and lives in Hanyuantang. Dezong was one of the three emperors who fled in the Tang Dynasty. Facing the unkempt concubines and the prince's grandson, I think there should be a lot of feelings along the way in the ninth five-year plan of the Tang Dynasty, which was completely discredited. Among the few retinue officials, there is Liu Taizhen. Liu Taizhen abandoned his family and stayed with Dezong all the time, spending the most difficult days with him. No wonder Emperor Dezong especially trusted Liu Taizhen in the future.
In June of the first year of Xingyuan (AD 784), Li Sheng regained its capital. All the officials who followed the emperor to Fengtian and the soldiers who recovered the capital were named "heroes in Fengtian" by the court. There is no doubt that Liu Taizhen is also a hero of Fengtian. That year, Liu Taizhen was promoted to assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry and was given a gold purple ribbon (gold purple ribbon was given to officials above the third class).
The "Anshi Rebellion" led to the demise of the Tang Dynasty. After the rule of two bad emperors, Su Zong and Dai Zong, the powerful Tang Empire went from bad to worse, and the Dezong Dynasty was still corrupt. After Dezong ascended the throne, he became the prime minister, sinister and treacherous. He was another traitor after Yuan Zai and Li, which made the ruling and opposition parties unfair. In addition, Dezong himself was jealous and mean, and various provinces rebelled in succession. In recent years, floods and droughts have been frequent, locusts have covered the sky, prices have soared, Beijing earthquake, economic collapse and the state treasury has been empty. Years of war, huge military spending, the court desperately searched the people. Rural "more taxes, exhausted towns"; The capital is "a wealthy businessman in Dassault Gyeonggi, with harsh criminal laws" and "the capital is like a thief"; Rumors abound and people's hearts are unstable; It is no accident that "it is difficult to serve heaven". Fortunately, Tang Dezong learned the lesson of "unique difficulties" to some extent. In order to gather people's hearts, the imperial court decided to send mature and capable officials as messengers of relief and comfort, and Liu Taizhen was selected. In the first year of Zhenyuan (AD 785), Liu Taizhen served as the relief envoy of Hedong Ze, Lu, Heng, Ji, Yi and Ding, and went to Henan, Hebei and other places to appease the people. At that time, Liu Taizhen was transferred to assistant minister of punishments.
Liu Taizhen served as assistant minister of punishments for two years, and in the third year of Zhenyuan (AD 787), he was appointed assistant minister of rites, in charge of the world's tributes, Jinshi examinations and the selection of talents and talents by the court. This is a glorious position, which has brought Liu Taizhen's life to a brilliant peak, but it is also the most controversial and troublesome job, and it has also laid a curse for Liu Taizhen's relegation.
Zhenyuan four years (AD 788), this year is a rare harvest year after many years of famine. In autumn and September, Emperor Dezong attended a grand banquet in Qujiang Pavilion, and composed six poems "The Night Banquet of Chongyang" for ministers to make peace, and then Emperor Dezong personally judged the merits and demerits. As a result, Liu Taizhen and Li Shu are the best, followed by Bao Fang and Yu Shao, followed by Alina Zhang and 36 others. "Old Tang Book" said: "Too true is longer than poetry, and every time it comes out, it is ironic." Liu Taizhen should have written a lot of beautiful poems before his death. Unfortunately, most of these poems are scattered but not circulated. Only 30 volumes of anthology are preserved in Pavilion Bibliography, which is related to the depression behind Liu Taizhen and Zixing's accumulation of childlessness.
In March of the fifth year of Zhenyuan (AD 789), Liu Taizhen was demoted to the secretariat of Xinzhou (Shangrao, Jiangxi). According to the book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Liu Taizhen was demoted on two charges: First, "Zhang Gongju, who married the clan, must be taken by the children of the town." Second, "often less about meritorious service, less planning, less writing, less trouble." "Tang Yulin" also contains "Liu Taizhen's travel calendar for Shao Chen, which is louder than that of Qi Huan and Jinwen. The harem used emotions, pursued the past, and slandered the state secretariat. " Because of these two charges, Mrs. Liu is really wronged.
Dezong Dynasty, Ture, Fanzhen Flame. Who dares to offend? Even Emperor Dezong indulged blindly. For example, Li Huaiguang, whose opposite is clear, not only does not restrict it, but instead "closes the hill and gives iron coupons" to win over. As a result, Li Huaiguang was ungrateful and threw the iron coupon on the ground. Dezong didn't dare to get angry, but he sent Lu Zhi, an academician, to encourage him. Liu Taizhen is not a strong-willed person. The Book of Old Tang Dynasty says that he is "timid", which is derogatory, and refers to him as a timid and cautious person who knows have it both ways. I think this may be more in line with Liu Taizhen's personality reality. Liu Taizhen served as the chief of staff of the buffer region for a long time (before and after ten years) and as the close minister of the emperor for a long time (exactly ten years). He can only do what others say. As an assistant minister of rites, how can he prevent people like Zaizhi and Fang Zhen from opening the back door for their in-laws and children in the imperial examination? How dare Liu Taizhen offend those who even laugh at him? This makes Liu Taizhen very worried and puzzled. He was listening to Xiao Shangshu, the former director of Gong Yuan, talking about his anxiety at that time, and thought that only his predecessor Xiao Ting who had experienced this incident could understand his pain: "Sitting alone in the palace, my heart is full of sorrow." You should have seen what happened last night. "There is a saying in Tang Yan Yan overrated. When the exam was over that year and the list was ready to be released, Liu Taizhen gave it to the Prime Minister first. When the Prime Minister saw it, there was a surname Zhu on the list. He thought that Juba was in rebellion and immediately asked Liu Taizhen to replace Zhu's surname. What is the relationship between a knowledgeable candidate and Zhu Ba, just because his surname is Zhu. Liu was so frightened that he had to change into the man named Bao Yi who had been abrupt with himself. So at that time, the imperial examination, who should come last, was not decided by the assistant minister in charge of tribute, and there were too many constraints! However, the unfair admission, the world only blames you, Liu Taizhen, who is in charge of tribute. Pei Du made an analysis and comment on this matter, which I found very pertinent. He said: "At that time, the building has changed, and anger cannot be made public. "So, because of shouting, it became a Jinbei (that is, a rumor)." Liu Taizhen also wanted to "be aboveboard, take the right path and mind your own business", but he couldn't do it at that time. He can only carry the charge of "paying tribute to the court" and leave the capital to go to Xinzhou to be a secretariat.
Let's take a look at Mrs. Liu's idea of "travel less, write more and discuss more". Liu Taizhen once followed Chen Shaoyou from Xuanzhou to Yangzhou, and they had a deep friendship for many years. In May of the first year of Xingyuan (AD 784), Chen Shaoyou was transferred to Huainan and died in Huainan in November of the same year. After Chen Shaoyou's death, making an epitaph requires family members or people familiar with the deceased to write a statement introducing the life story of the deceased. In this "line", Liu Taizhen praised Chen Shaoyou and compared him to the overlord Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong in the Spring and Autumn Period. Of course, this metaphor is not appropriate, but there are too many words written in the tomb. Why did Liu Taizhen write these words out of gratitude and criticize them? This has something to do with the fighting gods in the history of the empire. When Dou Shen was a director in Dali, he went to Jianghuai area to handle cases and lived in Yangzhou. As imperial envoys, local officials should go out of the city to meet them. But the Yangzhou Festival at that time made Chen Shaoyou so arrogant that he didn't take Dou Shen seriously at all. Dou Shen received a cold reception in Yangzhou, and his heart was bitter. He immediately sent someone to blame Chen Shaoyou. Chen Shaoyou also had some regrets and hurried to visit, but Dou Shen had left Yangzhou and returned to Beijing. The feud between Dou and Chen was thus forged. Chen Shaoyou sat on one side and no one could help him. In order to win him over, Dezong always gave him the titles of "Si Tuleideng Proofreading" and "Sikong Proofreading". If Chen Shaoyou dies, who will be afraid of this dead tiger! It happened that Chen Zhengyi, the son of Chen Shaoyou, attacked the court at this time. Dou Shen knew the news and thought it was time for revenge. He wrote a big word at the gate of Shangshu Province: "The position of Shao Chen is also worshipped by the generals. The festival has become difficult, and the monarch is dirty, stupid and unintentional, and it needs to be attacked. " This incident caused a sensation in Beijing. Of course, Chen Shaoyou's son didn't dare to ask for another attack, so he was scared to go home quickly. As an old subordinate of Chen Shaoyou, he compared him to Qi Huan and Jin Wen in the industry. Soon, the discussion in the ruling and opposition parties focused on Liu Taizhen, which is another reason for Liu Taizhen's bad luck.
Liu Taizhen was exhausted in Beijing and didn't care much about being demoted to Xinzhou. Although he is a little sad, he is more relieved. Liu Taizhen spent three years as a secretariat in Xinzhou, which made politics easy and simple, and there was no severe punishment, which enabled the people to recuperate and greatly improved the social atmosphere.
Liu Taizhen died of illness in yugan county, Jiangxi. Liu Taizhen had no children, and his adopted son Liu satirized the funeral and transported the coffin from yugan county to Danyang. Soon, Ada died, and his son Lu You was only four or five years old. Liu Taizhen's widow, Li, has a bleak evening scene and is unable to bury Liu Taizhen. Ten years later, in the 18th year of Zhenyuan (AD 802), Liu Taizhen's proté gé s were: admonisher, calligrapher Pei Du, imperial adviser in the temple Li Xiu, Lu Changqing, right Langzhong Wei, minister of industry, Li Xun, secretariat in eastern Zhejiang, Li in central Guizhou, Lu Wei, secretariat in Zezhou, and secretariat in Fuzhou. Lantian County Magistrate Cui Lizhi, Qiu County Wei Qulian and others * * * negotiated to move the coffin of the teacher who stopped mourning in Danyang Mountain Villa to Liu Tomb Village in Lishui (the village was named after Liu Taizhen's tomb, but the name of the village did not exist), and the teacher was established to build a monument. The inscription was written by Pei Du (Wen Zong was the prime minister and Pei Du), which expressed the protected person's nostalgia and sorrow for the teacher, and also. In memory of this saint, Lishui people built the Liu Fujun Temple in Tang Zhe, also called Liu Gong Temple, and Liu Taizhen was regarded as the God of Tang Zhe. Liugong Temple was rebuilt in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1236). While repairing the temple, a painter was drunk and disrespectful to God. As a result, the man hanged himself one night. When Tao Jizhi, the county commandant, came to the autopsy, he burned the Liugong Temple with fire. In the future, there are all kinds of strange things here, and this place is not peaceful. Therefore, local Pu Zhiming proposed to rebuild Gong Liu Temple, and Chunyou Chenjia (AD 1244) was successfully built. Pu Guifa, the son of Pu Zhiming, asked Du Ziyuan to write "Gong Liu Temple, Assistant Minister of Tang Rites". Liugong Temple was not destroyed until the Qing Dynasty, and today I don't know where the site is.