The Theme, Central Idea and Writing Background of Shu Dao Nan

Alas, how dangerous and magnificent it is! It's hard to compete in the Shu Road, and it's too far to climb the sky! Can Cong and Yufu, two emperors of ancient Shu, are so far away from the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). After that, about 48,000 years, Qin and Shu were separated by the Qinling Mountains and did not communicate with each other. Taibai Mountain in the west of Chang 'an is blocked, and only one bird has been climbing the majestic Emei Mountain. The five strong men were buried in a landslide, and then there was a ladder-shaped plank road connecting Qin and Shu. There is a mountain top that blocks the six dragon cars of the sun god, and a steep wave drains back to the tortuous Dachuan. The oriole, who is good at flying high, still can't fly. Even if the lynx wants to climb over, she is worried that she can't climb over. How does the winding Qingniling hover around the mountain, and the surrounding rocks turn nine times within a hundred steps. You can touch the stars of god and scenery, making people hold their heads and hold their breath, touching their chests and sighing. Westbound prodigal son, when will it be returned? Dangerous mountains and bad waters, the terrible Shu Road is really difficult to climb! I only saw birds whining among the ancient trees, and male and female birds flying among the desolate mountains. What I heard on the moonlit night was the sad cry of the cuckoo, which made me sad. What a desolate empty mountain! It's difficult to get through the Shu road, but it's sad to climb high and look far. Listening to it will also make life sad and fade the rosy face of youth. The peaks are connected together, less than a foot from the sky; The withered old branches hung upside down and got stuck between the cliffs. Swirls and waterfalls scramble to make noise; Water and stones collide and rotate, just like a thousand valleys are thundering. Wow, Shu Dao is so difficult; Alas, how did you come all the way to make a guest appearance in this place? The land of Jiange is towering into the sky. As long as one person is guarding it, it is difficult to capture a thousand troops. If the accredited official is not a close relative of the royal family; Being a jackal is inevitable, and this is not rebellion. In the morning, you should avoid the tiger in fear; Be alert to the disaster of the long snake at night. Jackals, tigers and leopards have prepared their teeth and fangs, which is really disturbing; Poisonous snakes and beasts kill people like hemp, which makes people tremble with fear. Although Jinguancheng is said to be a happy place; So sinister, it is better to return to China early. Shu Dao is too difficult to walk, and it is almost impossible to go to heaven; Looking sideways to the west makes people feel sorry and sigh! Central idea: "Difficult Road to Shu" is an ancient theme of Yuefu. He developed a rich imagination about it, focused on describing the wonderful and thrilling mountains and rivers on the road of Qin and Shu, and revealed some worries and worries about society. Writing background There have been many speculations about the writing background of Shu Dao Nan since the Tang Dynasty. There are four main opinions: First, this poem is for Fang (Wang Guan) and Du Fu, hoping that they will leave Sichuan as soon as possible to avoid being killed by our correspondent in Jiannan; Secondly, this poem is written for Li Longji, the Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty who fled to Shu to avoid the Anshi Rebellion, urging him to return to Chang 'an to avoid being held hostage by local warlords in Sichuan. Thirdly, this poem aims at satirizing Zhang Qiu, the governor of Shu at that time. Joan wanted to take advantage of people's danger and refused to listen to the court. Ding, this poem is purely a song of mountains and rivers, and it has a profound meaning. This poem was first seen in the Collection compiled by Yin (Wang Fan) in the 12th year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 753). It can be seen that the writing age of Li Bai's poem should be before the compilation of He Yueling Photo Album at the latest. At that time, the Anshi Rebellion had not yet happened, Tang Xuanzong lived in Chang 'an, and Fang (Wang Guan) and Du Fu had not yet entered Sichuan. Therefore, the two statements of A and B are obviously wrong. As for the satire of Zhang Qiu and Joan, judging from the relevant records in some historical books, it is also unfounded. Although Zhang Qiu and Joan exploited and oppressed the people, they dared not resist the imperial court. On the contrary, in order to be Beijing officials in Chang 'an, they tried their best to please the powerful people in the DPRK. Relatively speaking, the last statement is more objective and closer to the actual work. It is generally believed that this poem was probably written by Li Bai when he was in Chang 'an from Tianbao for one year to Tianbao for three years, in order to persuade Wang Yan not to detain Shu and return to Chang 'an as soon as possible.