Based on a comprehensive analysis of the new curriculum standards in recent three years, I feel that the materials provided by the national volume compositions in recent years are more inclined to stories (or plot materials). When examining questions, the first key is to examine whether students can accurately understand the meaning of the material, and the second is to examine students' refining and expressing ability. The materials provided are similar to the stories we usually tell about "Yilin" (for example, Xiao Chen reported Mr. Chen on 20 15, cut diamonds on 20 14, and rented a house for tourists on 20 14). Compared with the previous topic compositions, these stories are characterized by great openness and wide thinking angles (task-driven compositions appeared later to avoid being too open). The most difficult thing in the exam is undoubtedly to find an idea of "fully understanding the material" and "not divorced from the material itself", which is the so-called "best idea". Let me explain here that there is no essential difference in understanding a material. My definition of "best idea" doesn't mean the most special, novel, profound and attractive "best", but means that people can know at a glance that it is an unbiased idea extracted from materials. Only by doing this well first can we further achieve the novel and profound writing purpose. In the college entrance examination, the thinking must be correct first, then it can fit accurately, and then it can be wonderful. Our purpose this time is to solve the problem of how to make the idea correct.
Looking closely at the composition volumes of the new curriculum standards in recent years, we can find that "the material itself can be understood as a short story", and the reading of the material composition is essentially the same as that of the novel. They are all refined interpretations of articles or paragraphs, and then further express their personal views. Then, there should be great similarities in reading skills. The so-called "one method is universal", and the composition of the material can also be understood as the concentration of the article or the concentration of the full text. As long as you master the method of reading novels, the reading method of * * * may effectively solve the problem of "accurately understanding the content of materials" and easily find the "best idea". After that, I will try to talk about how to break through the best idea of composition of philosophical materials through poetry appreciation, or seek the composition of current commentary materials by reading modern literature. Of course, these are personal superficial views. If there are any shortcomings, please advise.
What is the "Yilin style" material composition;
First, starting from 20 13, the national examination mode was basically determined and began to be popularized. Through the integrated analysis of the examination papers from 20 13 to 20 15, it can be seen from the changes of composition that the examination mode of "new material composition" has been basically established.
The so-called "new material composition" is an open writing method that provides a reading material, a poem or a picture and gives necessary hints to it, but does not provide a clear writing theme. After asking candidates to do some analysis on reading materials or pictures, they can write with their own ideas, angles, styles and titles according to their own understanding and sentiment.
It has taken a step further in the openness of topic composition. Instead of providing reference topics, candidates are required to extract ideas from the materials. The theme of the composition requires a narrative around the candidate's refined point of view. I sorted out the compositions from 20 13 to 20 15 all over the country, which can be roughly divided into the following categories:
(1) Story-based (fable-based) reading materials (20 12 new curriculum standard 1, boatmen fill holes to save people, 20 13 new curriculum standard 1, knives cut diamonds, 20 14 Hubei volume "Big Tree", 201. The outline version of the national volume "Lao Wang is hospitalized", 20 14? Chongqing Volume Rents Houses for Tourists, Liaoning Volume 20 13 Sand and Pearl, Guangdong Volume 20 13 Rich Help the Poor)
(2) Philosophical poems, poems, songs, aphorisms and sentiment reading materials (such as Fujian Volume 20 15 Road, Guangdong Volume 20 15 Far and Near, Jiangsu Volume 20 15 Wisdom, Sichuan Volume 2010)
③ Experimental investigation and practice of data-based reading materials (such as Anhui 20 15 Butterfly Wings, Hubei 20 15 Accumulation and Overflow, Sichuan 20 15 Honesty and Cleverness, and Jiangxi 20 14 Exploration). The new curriculum standard, National Volume Ⅱ, Investigation on Classmates' Relationship,)
(4) news and commentary reading materials (20 14? The new curriculum standard national volume 1 "Goats crossing the wooden bridge", the new curriculum standard 2 "No visitors feeding animals", 20 14 Hunan "the most beautiful township cadres" and 20 13? Shandong Volume "Chewing on Words") (The interpretation of this material has many similarities with ①, but it has stronger practical significance. )
⑤ Comics and icon books are rarely examined in recent years; ⑥ Comprehensive material composition, that is, "multiple materials are similar and related materials are comprehensive", and the solution is basically the same as other types.
Wu Yinglin, Sichuan: for example, fables, life legends and news stories. ...
Anhui Cheng Jun: This is classified according to the presentation form of materials.
Wu Yinglin, Sichuan. Oh, this is what I thought. After analyzing the materials provided by the college entrance examination, it can generally be divided according to the plot. Then, it doesn't matter which type it is. As long as there is a plot, our analysis methods are roughly the same. There are too many classification methods, and everyone has their own thinking angle, which is different. Dividing by plot may be just one of them.
Second, the composition materials of the new curriculum standard volume, personally feel that the author quite favors the materials of "art forest style".
The so-called "Italian forest style" is commonly known as "chicken soup story for the soul". It is characterized by short but interesting stories. Simple and tortuous stories often contain some opinions, which can make people feel something after reading and have a positive guiding role in people's life, study and work.
The first thing that caught my attention was the story of 20 12, in which the boatman raised his hand to save the captain's child's life, the story of 20 14, in which the ladder didn't need to be placed horizontally, the story of "the cutter should handle the risk of cutting diamonds well" and the story of "Lao Wang was hospitalized" in Chongqing on 20 14. 20 15 The story of "Xiao Chen reporting Mr. Chen" in the first new curriculum standard actually has similar stories in the articles such as Reader, Yilin and Youth Digest, which has far-reaching and impressive influence.
From a national perspective, this story-based questioning method seems to be increasingly favored by publishers. This kind of material is actually a condensed story. If we use novels to interpret the material composition of "Yilin style", will it be effective? Let's first look at how the novel deals with the plot.
Interpretation materials constitute the basic reading methods for novel reading;
Basic interpretation methods of novel plot appreciation (non-novel appreciation methods): I have compiled three kinds:
1. Clear the clues and grasp the context.
2. Know people and discuss the world, and see through the character.
3. See the micro-knowledge, insight into the main idea of the article
The first way is mainly used to interpret the composition of this kind of material: generally speaking, if it can become a story, then the story can certainly sort out the basic "beginning-development-climax-end-(end)" of the event, and the story often has some internal connection from front to back, and this internal connection is the clue that runs through the story. The composition of college entrance examination materials is limited to the length and examination needs, and the plot conflict should not be too tortuous or too varied. Generally, we should find a place in these four links to highlight the main idea of the story.
Then, a short and pithy material can only focus on the "climax" part, followed by the "ending" part. In novel appreciation, we have mastered the clues of plot development formed by some basic contradictions and conflicts, and we have mastered the basic clues that constitute a work.
In a short college entrance examination composition reading material, if we can grasp the main clues of the plot and sort out the context of the material, it will help us to have an overview of the whole material when analyzing the work, and achieve the purpose of "fully understanding the material", "choosing the angle" and "not divorced from the material itself", then we can naturally analyze the intention of the proposer. The intention of the proposer is often the best idea of a composition reading material.
Try to take the college entrance examination topic of 20 15 new curriculum standard I as an example: the first volume of the new curriculum standard in China: daughter reporting to father (material composition)
Xiao Chen, a female college student, was forced to report her father to the police through a private letter from Weibo because her father always answered the phone while driving on the expressway and her family repeatedly advised her not to change. After investigation, the police educated and punished Old Jin Chen according to law, and published this report in the official Weibo. This incident has been well received by many netizens, and it has also caused some doubts. After being reported by the media, it caused a wider range and more angles of discussion.
What do you think of these things? Please write a letter to Xiao Chen, Mr. Chen or other relevant people to show your attitude and explain your point of view. It is required to synthesize the content and significance of the material, choose a good angle, determine the train of thought and complete the writing task. Identify the recipient, use "Minghua" as the writer, and do not disclose personal information.
When writing this material for students, students have all kinds of ideas, some of which are one-sided. The following are some representative views for your reference:
1. It is illegal to make a phone call while driving, let alone on the highway, just like Xiao Chen.
2. What is the purpose of the Xiao Chen Report? Insist on reporting when the object of reporting is the biological father.
3. Life safety is more important than Mount Tai
4. Why does reporting your father arouse doubts, but not others?
5. Besides reporting, is there no gentler way to persuade? Rola Chen's family will not actively think of other ways?
Judging from several representative ideas of students, some directions should actually be worthy of recognition. It's just that the college entrance examination composition is a college entrance examination composition after all. Let's analyze this material a little and find out how to start with this idea:
After grasping the key point of "climax", we can do some in-depth analysis to establish his "best creativity":
For example, how to define Xiao Chen's behavior? -Proceed from life safety and respect for laws and regulations.
Do you think Xiao Chen did the right thing? Why? -Is there a right or wrong between emotion and law?
Do you think there are other ways for Chen Xiao? -whether it is necessary to resort to law to punish parents for repeatedly persuading them not to change.
Almost any small narrative material, we can do such a simple combing. After such a simple analysis, we can discuss that the most easily broken mouth of this material can be analyzed by deducing the behavior nature of "biological daughter reporting father".
As long as this breakthrough is found, and then the conflict between "Lao Chen", "Police" and "Xiao Chen" is extended, the theme of "Love and Law" is basically determined, and it is naturally not easy to write digressions.
It should be said that generally speaking, although a material is open, there is no obvious difference between different ideas. But after all, stories are stories, especially short stories, and also college entrance examination compositions, which often show the tendency of proposers with the help of a concentrated point. After all, "accurate intention" is the premise of the composition score of the college entrance examination. Proposers must consider the diversity of readers' interpretation, so there is often a breakthrough point hidden in the proposition, which allows candidates to have a certain thinking direction and then grasp the intention of the material. 20 13 college entrance examination composition is also a short story in this form:
(20 13) Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required. (60 points)
A businessman found and bought a crystal diamond as big as an egg yolk. He invited an expert to inspect it, and the expert praised it, but regretted the crack on the diamond, and said, "If you cut it in two along the crack, it will increase the value of the diamond; Only once it fails, the loss will be great. " How to cut this diamond? The businessman consulted many cutters, but they didn't want to start working, saying it was too dangerous.
Later, a skilled old sculptor promised to try. He designed a careful cutting plan and then instructed the young apprentice to operate it. In front of the merchant, the apprentice immediately cut the diamond into two pieces. The businessman picked up two diamonds and was very emotional. The old knife said, "You need experience, skill and courage. If you don't think about something valuable, your hands won't tremble. "
It is required to choose a good angle, define the concept, clarify the style and draw up a good title; Don't deviate from the content and meaning of the material, don't copy it, and don't copy it.
Jiangsu Guo: First, grasp the key points of the climax, make in-depth analysis from multiple angles, and seek the best breakthrough through comparison.
Huang Chuan, Guangdong: After a brief analysis, we can easily know that the climax of the story lies in "the master designed a careful cutting scheme, and then instructed the young apprentice to start the operation, and the apprentice cut the diamond into two pieces at once". According to the teaching methods, we can sort out several key ideas:
This is a typical story material. As long as we analyze and compare by reading novels, it is easy to see the focus and content analysis of a story. The stories of college entrance examination questions are often concise, and the plot twists and turns are not particularly dramatic. As long as we find the corresponding key points, we can analyze the corresponding key points.
Zhou Xiaoyan, Guangdong: For students who are almost inferior, it may be necessary to teach them how to interpret novels first.
Cheng Jun, Anhui: Actually, it's better to ask more questions, sum up slowly and find out the most reliable ones.
Cheng Jun, Anhui: Just ask questions about the breadth and depth of divergence and the fit with the materials.
Read the following materials and write as required.
Delage Teng, an unknown ancient town in northern Netherlands, has attracted worldwide attention because of its "no traffic lights". Here, people have long been accustomed to communicate directly with other passers-by with their eyes and gestures to reach a tacit understanding. Drivers you don't know will avoid each other at intersections. "Cars let bicycles, bicycles let pedestrians" is the default rule. On the surface, it seems that the traffic is a little "chaotic", but in fact it is running in an orderly way. In the city center, there are more than 20 thousand cars, pedestrians and bicycles flowing endlessly every day, but there has never been a major traffic accident, which is regarded as a "miracle"
This material is aimed at a "traffic miracle", and the focus of the material is "the traffic on the road is constant, but there has never been a major traffic accident". A story, narrative news or material about a phenomenon requires us to start from a certain point and then explore the internal essential reasons. From this, we can further analyze, as long as this phenomenon is what we can analyze around it:
Such as "(1) What is the reason for this miracle? We can know that it comes from people's comity, observance and rules, interpersonal understanding and intentional communication.
"(2) what is worth thinking about this miracle? -thinking about people's behavior "
"(3) this miracle is likely to appear in other places? -"Exploring the phenomenon of crossing the road in China".
The reason for the miracle has been found-it can be extended to higher fields such as social morality, civilization and literacy.
Anhui Cheng Jun: Keywords questioning method.
Huang Chuanfu, Guangdong: After this analysis, the first two compositions, Learn to be humble, are very well written and grasp a key point. But in grasping their views, they mainly talk about "learning to be humble." For the interpretation of materials, the points selected in the analysis are a little small. After all, this is only the focus of the first half of the whole material.
The second article "Creating Life with Heart" comes from the climax of materials, and talks about "comity" and "communication" from the appearance of "miracle". In this way, the theme of the article is clear at a glance, and people can see the accuracy of the thinking at a glance. For your reference:
Next is the writing of two compositions. If you are interested, please judge them from the perspective of conception.
Learn comity
Tengzhen, an unknown ancient town in the Netherlands, has no traffic lights. People communicate with their eyes and gestures to reach a tacit understanding. Unknown drivers will give way at intersections. "Cars give way to bicycles and bicycles give way to pedestrians" has become the default rule of people, and their comity has created a traffic miracle.
The phenomenon of "no traffic lights" in the ancient Dutch town of Derlager Teng reminds me of the phenomenon of "ignoring traffic lights" in many places in China.
In cities of all sizes in China, traffic lights and electronic police are all over intersections and main roads, which can be described as complete facilities. But high-speed Mercedes-Benz cars often run red lights. If two cars meet in a narrow alley, "looking at each other" is not uncommon. You won't let me, I won't let you, and sometimes even swear words and fists are added. Ironically, in our country, "people let bicycles, bicycles let cars" has become people's "default rule".
"Please queue up consciously" and "Please don't make noise" ... These warning signs marked in simplified Chinese are often seen in China's main destination countries, such as France, Germany, Japan, Thailand and Singapore. When a large number of tourists from China travel around the world, "China people" have become synonymous with uncivilized and rude. It is harmful to be impolite, which makes us ashamed to be called "an ancient civilization".
What is the root of the phenomenon of "not understanding comity"? Civilized people know comity, and the essence of comity is consideration and respect for people. The essence of not understanding comity is self-centeredness, not thinking about each other, not understanding and respecting each other. Many people are full of "Brother Kong Fangge" and have long forgotten the "legacy" of the ancients that "people are polite and safe, and rudeness is dangerous". At the crossroads, step on the accelerator and run at high speed in order to gain time to pursue your money, reputation and status; On the road of pursuing utility, "meeting in a narrow way" is bound to be a battle. ...
It can be seen that the root cause of "impoliteness" is the lack of civilized accomplishment, the lack of understanding and respect for people, and the excessive pursuit of fame and fortune.
In this case, only by making China people realize the importance of civility and comity, and vigorously cultivating their civility, can the Chinese nation, an ancient country of etiquette, regain its new glory.
Politeness is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation. During the Warring States Period, Lin Xiangru gave up Lian Po again and again, and finally gave up "making peace", which became an eternal beauty talk. The ancients said: "Those who love others will always love others;" Respect others, and people will always respect them. It can be seen that the role of comity is unparalleled. Politeness is the buffer of interpersonal communication, which can reduce many unnecessary conflicts; Politeness is the lubricant of interpersonal communication, which can reduce friction and resolve tension.
Learning comity is only a little effort of each of us, which is good for ourselves, people and society, but it is not harmful. Why not do it? Easy interpersonal relationships need to be created by ourselves, and a peaceful and civilized environment needs everyone to learn to be polite. As long as everyone learns manners, the motherland can become a beautiful Gu Teng town.
Create a "heart" life
Modern urbanites are getting tired, because, tired, tired, they can only keep moving forward. Because, in their lives, anyone is just a different straight line on the same plane, and there may be intersections, but it is difficult to communicate; There may be acquiescence, but it is difficult to have tacit understanding; It may leave traces, but it is difficult to work miracles. People do their own things according to the established rules, but the relationship between people is getting colder and colder. If people just let themselves go out of their hearts and do things according to what they have, then society will become more and more indifferent and interpersonal relationships will become more and more indifferent. The life of "heart" should be based on understanding and trust. In Teng Town, Draz, people can go their own way without traffic lights, which is a miracle.
Behind the miracle, it is amazing that they can communicate with each other through their eyes and actions without the indication of signal lights, and then understand each other and give way to each other. On the other hand, China, with its enviable 5,000-year-old culture, presents an embarrassing "Chinese-style crossing". The reason is that the traffic lights on the roads in China can make people abide by the existing rules, but they can't make people understand and trust each other from the heart. Because a body without a heart can act, but it can't get the heart close.
Recently, dad, where are you going? When they make people smile, Jimmy Lin and his son are moved by their natural understanding and trust. The reason why Tian Liang and his father feel helpless is that their father doesn't live with his daughter and can't get inner communication. We can't understand each other from the heart, but we can exchange views. Naturally, we can't agree on speed. We are close relatives, not to mention all the people in the society.
A seemingly miraculous traffic phenomenon shows us the gentleness and comity between people, but it is far more than that. Behind this gentleness and comity, it is thought-provoking why people can understand and trust each other so much. Traffic phenomenon is only one aspect of society, but it is far more than that. At present, in China, what dazzles us is far more than "crossing the road in Chinese style". The blood of "Xiaoyueyue" is still there, and the haze of "Red Cross" still hangs over us. The common sense that "people can't be saved if they die" still exists. If people lack trust and understanding, even if the society seems peaceful, these evils will not be eliminated. Without trust and understanding, Chinese-style "regret" is not just traffic chaos.
If the country is rude, it will be uneasy, and if the people don't believe it, they will not stand. "Trust" here should not be limited to honesty, but should be understood with your honest heart. The miracle of Tengzhen in Derlager may not be representative, but it never makes people forget the order and peace between people. Because understanding and trust are the true meaning of harmony.
The interpretation of the material is actually very similar to what we said, and we can use the same interpretation method. Interested teachers can use this simple interpretation method to try to develop students' thinking, let them have a correct direction to continue, and then explore deeper ideas.
Might as well leave a recently trained material composition for everyone to think about how to seek the right way of thinking:
Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required.
During World War II, an artillery unit in Germany was extremely brave, which made the French army frustrated again and again, but the French army could not find the trace of this unit. Once, a spy of the French army was active in a small town, and he happened to find a little thing. A girl often goes to the post office to get letters. The girl's unusual behavior caught the spy's attention. After careful investigation, the girl's fiance is in that artillery unit. The spy changed the stamp on the envelope in the name of collecting stamps, and the French army found the position of the army from the postmark, so the army was wiped out.
Also in World War II, Britain was threatened by air strikes. When the alarm goes off, all the lights in London will go out immediately. It is said that a family doesn't turn off the lights or even blow out the candles, and this tiny light is also fatal. Enemy planes can see a little light in the darkness thousands of meters away, and blockbuster will fall from the sky in an instant, bringing disaster to the city of London.