Qin Shihuang's tyranny disrupted human discipline, so the sages fled the world and lived in seclusion. Huang Qi and others fled from troubled times, and lived in goodness at the end of Qin Dynasty. People in the Peach Blossom Garden are also reclusive. The path into the Peach Blossom Garden gradually disappeared, such as the road leading to the Peach Blossom Garden, which was deserted and abandoned. Taohuayuan people encourage each other, urge each other, join in farming, work at sunrise and rest at sunset. Mulberry trees and bamboo forests are hung in the shade, beans and cereals are planted with seasons, and silk is harvested in spring, but no taxes are paid in autumn. Weeds blocked the traffic with the outside world, and chickens and dogs heard about each other. Sacrifice is still a ritual in the pre-Qin period, and there is no new clothing style. Children sing at will, while old people play happily. The lush vegetation makes people realize that spring is coming and the horizon is warm; The withering of trees lets people know that the cold wind is fierce and autumn and winter are coming. Although there is no record of 18 years old in the almanac, the four seasons naturally change and you get old in one week. Life is very happy, what is there to worry about? The miracle of Taohuayuan has lived in seclusion for more than 500 years. Today, however, it has opened the fairy-like realm of Peach Blossom Garden to the world. The simple atmosphere in the Peach Blossom Garden is different from the source of human feelings, and the Peach Blossom Garden revealed later is hidden. How can a secular person know anything beyond the secular? I want to fly high in the breeze and find like-minded people.
Peach Blossom Garden original poem:
Get the world, then avoid it.
Huang Qi Shangshan, Iraqis also died.
Immersed in the trace, the path is destroyed.
I am destined to farm, and I will rest from where I am.
Mulberry and bamboo hanging in the shade, millet preparing art;
Spring silkworms collect silk, and autumn ripe silkworms are taxed.
The deserted road warms the traffic, and chickens and dogs bark at each other.
There is no new system for clothes.
Children and children sing vertically, and the classroom is full of joy.
Grass glory knows peace, and wood decay knows strength.
Although there is no Ji Lizhi, he is four years old.
Happiness lies in the wisdom of He Rong!
Strange traces hide 500, and once a fairy opens them.
Pure and thin are different sources, rotating or hidden.
Excuse me, travel alchemist, how to measure the hubbub?
I am willing to talk in the breeze and hold high to find my contract.
Tao Yuanming wrote the Peach Blossom Garden in prose and poetry. "Peach Blossom Garden" mainly describes the fisherman's access to the Peach Blossom Garden and what he saw and heard there. Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden tells the peace and tranquility of people's lives in Peach Blossom Garden in a poet's tone. Taohuayuan's poems are rich in content, which is very helpful for us to understand Tao Yuanming's intention and ideal of life in describing Taohuayuan, and it is worth reading with Taohuayuan. Now the Peach Blossom Garden Poetry is transcribed as follows:
Get the world, then avoid it. Huang Qi Mountain, Iraqis also died. Immersed in the trace, the path is destroyed.
I am destined to farm, and I will rest when I enter. Mulberry and bamboo are shaded, millet is prepared for art, spring silkworm is harvested, and autumn silkworm is taxed. A deserted road warms the traffic, and chickens and dogs bark at each other. Cowpea is ancient, but clothes are not new. Children and grandchildren sing, and they are happy in vain. Grass tea knows harmony, wood rot knows wind. Although there is no Ji Lizhi, he is four years old. When you are happy, why bother with wisdom?
Strange traces have been hidden for 500 years, once our god. Pure and thin are different sources, rotating or hidden. Excuse me, travel alchemist, how to measure the hubbub? I would like to whisper, hold high, and ask me to make an appointment.
The first paragraph, describing and explaining the origin of Taohuayuan people, has the same meaning as that recorded in "The Story of Taohuayuan", that is, "the ancestors of Ziyun avoided the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led their wives to this desperate situation, so they were separated from outsiders". However, this poem specifically lists the examples of Huang () and Qi (Qili Chicken) going up the mountain when they avoided Qin, so as to imply that the people in the Peach Blossom Garden have the same interests as these ancient sages, or that these sages took them to the Peach Blossom Garden.
The second paragraph introduces the life scenes of people in the Peach Blossom Garden. First write that people in the Peach Blossom Garden take part in labor, work at sunrise and rest at sunset. "Let's work together" means greeting each other and working hard. "Autumn tax collection" means that when the autumn harvest comes, the fruits of labor belong to the workers and there is no need to pay taxes to the government, indicating that there is no feudal exploitation and oppression. Then write that people live in harmony, still maintaining ancient etiquette, and clothes are also ancient styles. The children sang heartily and the old man played freely. Finally, I wrote that everything there was natural and comfortable. With the natural changes of seasons, we can adjust our life and work, so we don't even need a calendar, let alone try our best to think and disturb.
In the third paragraph, the poet expressed his views and feelings. "Five hundred people lived in seclusion" means that from the Qin Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, people in the Peach Blossom Garden lived in seclusion for 500 years (roughly speaking, it was actually about 600 years). "Once upon a time" means that the Peach Blossom Garden was discovered by fishermen, revealing the secrets of this fairytale world. "Seclusion" means that the Peach Blossom Garden was cut off from the outside world as soon as it opened, which is what the Peach Blossom Garden story said. When people read this, they often think that since the fisherman left the Peach Blossom Garden, he has been "full of ambition". How can he never find it again? If you carefully read the poem Peach Blossom Spring, you will find that the poet has answered this question, that is, "thinness and thinness are different sources", which means that the shallowness of secular life in Peach Blossom Spring and the simplicity of folk customs are incompatible and absolutely different. Just imagine, if it is really in such a peach blossom garden, and it is really discovered by Liu Ziji and others, can it still exist independently? At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wars were frequent, corvees were heavy and people fled. The poet's description of people's lives in the Peach Blossom Garden is so peaceful and harmonious, which is a denial of the dark reality. For thousands of years, I don't know how many people have discussed the existence of Peach Blossom Garden. Some people say that when they fled the chaos, many people really went to the deep mountains and wild forests and lived an ideal life in the hinterland. But can this ideal be equated with Peach Blossom Garden? Obviously not, because the life scene in the Peach Blossom Garden is idealized by the poet. "If you ask a wandering alchemist, how can you measure the noise outside?" It means that ordinary people in the world can't really understand the life scenes outside the hubbub (Peach Blossom Garden). "I am willing to whisper, and hands in the air will look for my contract." This is the poet expressing his feelings, which is very romantic. It means that I hope I can take off in the breeze and pursue like-minded people (obviously including ancient sages and people in the Peach Blossom Garden mentioned at the beginning of the poem).
Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming said: "Yuan Ming doesn't know the melody, but he is guarding a stringed piano, which is suitable for every wine and needs to be fondled to convey his feelings." You can't play the string piano. You play with it to "convey its meaning" and describe a beautiful paradise. Although it is out of reach in reality, it is just to "convey its meaning."
From the above simple analysis, Peach Blossom Garden Poetry is indeed more specific and detailed than Peach Blossom Garden in some aspects. Peach Blossom Garden is limited to what fishermen have seen and heard. Fishermen have not stayed in Taohuayuan for a long time and have limited knowledge. Peach Blossom Garden poetry is more flexible and free, and it is also convenient for poets to express their feelings directly. Therefore, if you read Peach Blossom Spring, you have to read Peach Blossom Spring Poetry.
It should be noted that some people think that it is a negative retrogression to praise "ancient law" instead of "wisdom" in Taohuayuan's poems. This is not really understanding the original intention of the poet's writing. The so-called "ancient law", although a kind of sustenance, expresses the simple yearning for ancient society, rather than reversing history; The so-called "why use wisdom" is actually an expression of hatred and negation of intrigue and intrigue in secular life. As pointed out by predecessors, Tao Yuanming is a man who is "interested in the world" and "wants to do but not do it". He has his own ideals, which can't be realized. This is the essence of his thought. We must pay attention to this when reading his works.