I'll copy a little and type a little first, and then you ask. Don't end the problem prematurely. Thank you.
=====
copy
Poetry is a literary genre, which reflects life and expresses emotions through rhythmic and rhythmic language. Poetry is a highly concentrated expression of social life and human spiritual world with concise language, rich emotions and rich phenomena according to the requirements of certain syllables, tones and rhythms. In ancient China, unhappy people were called poems and happy people were called songs.
Generally speaking, the formats of ancient poems are mostly metrical poems and quatrains.
Rhyme is one of China's modern poems, and its metrical requirements are very strict. There are three common types: five laws, seven laws and exclusive laws.
Metric poetry originated from Shen Yue of Qi Yongming in the Southern Dynasties, which paid attention to rhythm and antithesis. They were shaped in Shen Quanqi and Song Wenzhi in the early Tang Dynasty and matured in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Rhyme requires the unity of the number of words in the poem, and each poem is five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences, which are referred to as five laws, six laws and seven laws, among which six laws are relatively rare. The usual metrical poems stipulate 8 sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called a small law or a three-rhyme poem; More than 8 sentences, that is, 10 sentences, are called exclusive laws or long laws. Usually eight sentences are completed, and every two sentences form a couplet, which is counted as a quadruple. It is customary to call the first couplet a title couplet, the second a antithetical sentence, the third a neck couplet and the fourth a sentence ending couplet. The upper and lower sentences of two or three couplets (namely, parallel couplets and neck couplets) of each song must be antithetical sentences. Except for the first pair and the second pair, the couplet in the middle must be double. The dual requirements of secondary laws are more extensive. Rhyme requires the whole poem to rhyme, and the rhyme is limited; The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, the first sentence can be put on or off, and the words of each rhyming sentence are flat. There are "flat rise" and "flat rise" in the upper and lower sentences. In addition, the metrical requirements of metrical poems also apply to quatrains.
Quatrain
Jueju originated in Han Dynasty, formed in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and flourished in Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were four sentences called "couplets". The so-called "Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Ming" has a rhyme of * *, which makes it redundant. Tang and Song Dynasties were the golden age of China's classical poetry, and quatrains were popular all over the world, and their creation was prosperous. The famous Zhang Jiashi is as beautiful as a group of flowers, which is unprecedented.
The quatrain was changed from "five words short ancient, seven words short song". Tang people endowed it with temperament, shaped it and became a quatrain. Each quatrain generally has five words and seven words, which are referred to as five quatrains, seven quatrains and occasionally six quatrains.
Ci is a unique poetic style and a new literary style in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, after a long period of continuous development, it entered its heyday. Ci, also known as Quzi Ci, long and short sentences and poems, is a kind of songs and poems full of feasts. A epigraph is the name of the tone of a word. Different epitaphs have regulations on the total number of words, the number of words per sentence and the level.
1. Every word has a musical tone (epigraph). Generally speaking, the tone of a word is not the theme of the word, but only a score. In the Song Dynasty, some poets often added questions or wrote prefaces under the tone of words in order to express the meaning of words.
2. Words are generally divided into two paragraphs (called upper and lower paragraphs or upper and lower paragraphs), and few words are not segmented or not segmented.
Generally speaking, the number of words in tones and the length of sentences are fixed and have a certain format.
4. The sentence patterns of words are uneven, and they are basically long and short sentences.
5. The rules of phonology in words are particularly strict, and words should be hierarchical. The tone of each word has its own rules, which are different.
Yuanqu originated from the so-called "Fanqu" and "Le Hu" and was first circulated among the people, and was called "Street Tune" or "Village Square Minor". With the destruction of Song Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty, it spread in the vast areas of north and south, centering on Dadu (now Beijing) and Lin 'an (now Hangzhou). Yuanqu has strict metrical formula, and each qupai has fixed format requirements in sentence pattern, word number, level tone and so on.
The rise of Yuanqu represented the highest achievement of literature in this period. As far as it is concerned, it is because Yuanqu established and perfected the system form. Flexion system is embodied in the following six aspects:
1, Gongdiao 2, Qupai 3, Quyun 4, Pingzhuan 5, Alignment 6, Interlayer
Fu originated from Chu Ci and inherited the tradition of satire in The Book of Songs. Regarding the difference between poetry and Fu, Lu Ji, a writer in Jin Dynasty, once said in "Wen Fu" that poetry is beautiful because of emotion and delicate because of body. In other words, poetry is used to express subjective feelings and should be written beautifully and delicately; Fu is used to describe objective things, and it should be written clearly and smoothly. Lu Ji was from the Jin Dynasty. His ci shows the main characteristics of poetry and fu before Jin Dynasty, but it cannot be copied mechanically. Poetry should also write things, and fu also has lyrical elements. Especially with the development of lyric fu in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, fu has changed from content to form.
First, the sentences are mainly four or six sentences, and the sentence patterns are patchy, pursuing parallel pairs; Second, it requires harmony in phonology; Third, pay attention to algae decoration and allusions in language. Four: the content focuses on writing scenery, borrowing scenery to express feelings. Antithesis and algae decoration are a major feature of Han Fu. After a long process of evolution, it developed to the middle Tang Dynasty. Under the influence of the ancient prose movement, there appeared a trend of prose, which did not talk about parallel prose and rhythm, and the sentence patterns were uneven and the rhyme was relatively free, forming a fresh and smooth prose momentum, called "Wen Fu".
Copy complete
==== ======
Briefly, give a few examples.
As the saying goes, Tang poetry, Yuan Qu, Han Fu and Song Ci can probably tell people the general feelings of these literary genres.
As we all know, the poems of Tang and Song Dynasties have more contacts from primary school to university. Here's a little.
First of all, poetry is actually a broad concept. Broadly speaking, both poetry and modern poetry belong to "poetry".
So, as for the specific differences between poetry and music:
1. Poetry is divided into classical poetry and modern poetry.
Antique formats, such as difficulty in drinking, difficulty in saving the road, are rather chaotic.
Modern style, also called metrical poems, is divided into metrical poems and quatrains, with strict format requirements. This is our most common, such as five-character quatrains (five words x four sentences), five-character metrical poems (five words x eight sentences), seven-character quatrains (seven words x four sentences) and seven-character metrical poems (seven words x eight sentences).
2. Ci, also known as Yu Shi, originated in the late Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.
Songs that sing harmoniously have a brand name. The so-called lyrics are filled in according to the format of each brand name, which is very strict. See above for details.
3. See the origin of Qu.
Then we saw the Sanqu Suite Zaju.
Sanqu is very much like a poem (the famous one is Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si). A set of songs with the same tune is a divertimento. If more plots are added, it will become a zaju (such as Yuan, Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty and Orphan of Zhao).
Sanqu is similar to a word, but it is really different. Some songs are stricter, for example, they are stricter on Gongdiao; Some songs need to be loosened. For example, you can't add or subtract words when you specify the name of a monument, but you can add the name of the monument. This is called interlining.
4. Fu originated from Chu Ci and flourished in Han and Wei Dynasties, as mentioned above.
The famous Fu are: Afanggong Fu and Chibi Fu, all of which are seen in textbooks.
Others include Bie Fu, Changmen Fu, Si Lao Fu, Shanglin Fu, Zixu Fu, Sandu Fu and so on.
Step 5 command
I'm not sure about that. I know several kinds.
One may refer to drinking, drinking and writing poems.
Second, according to the length of words, it can be divided into a poem and a long tone, which may be in this order.
Or many epigraph names and musical names have XX-order names.
Copy point data:
Ling: the system of zaju in Tang and Song Dynasties. The appellation of tune and tune, namely "Xiao Ling", is also called "Ling Qu". Generally, the words are short and pithy, such as the "sixteen-character order" in the word and the "upside down order" in the Yuan Song. Words are difficult to compose, like poems, but only a dozen sentences can't be combined. -Zhang Yan etymology Lingqu
"Spirit" is a lively part of "Qu". If it is particularly lively and refined, it is a "small order." There are three-character orders, teasing order, sixteen-character order, lotus picking order, leaving spring order, dreaming order, Tang Duoling order, Xie Peiling order and hundred-character order.
Xiao Ling is a kind of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, originally a folk minor. By the Yuan Dynasty, Song Ci was gradually dying, and most performers sought a breakthrough from folk tunes. Scholars' poems are mostly elegant, while folk poems are vulgar. This poem is mainly about description. Compared with Tang and Song Ci, it is popular and vivid, and indeed has a unique style and spirit. Generally, it is less than 58 words, but most scholars in modern times gave up the classification by word number. Volume 199 of the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu quotes the Summary of Poems of Leibian Caotang, saying: "The division of characters into small characters, middle notes and long notes began in this book. Later, the word spectrum was determined by its number of words, which was somewhat restrained, so it was ridiculed by Wan Shu's Lexical. " Poetry usually takes a piece of music as an independent unit, but it can be repeated and the rhyme of each song can be different.
Most poems are just songs, each with its own rhyme. There are four kinds of poems:
First, ordinary poetry: second, picking poems; Third, take songs; Fourth, collect songs.
: Five Dynasties Ouyang Jiong's "Three-character Order, Spring is Exhausted"
Spring is coming to an end, the day is postponed, and the peony is coming. Luo bo Juan, Cui curtain hangs. Color notes, pink tears, two hearts know. It's a negative moment when people are away and Yan is empty. The incense fell and the pillow was full of letters. The moon is bright and the flowers are light, which makes you miss each other.
Okay, that's it ~ ~ that's about it. I'm just saying briefly, you can make good use of search, encyclopedia and so on, there are many materials ~ ~
You can find more examples to see the differences between these poems and songs ~