Scenery description can start from the front, directly describe the characteristics of the scenery, making people clear at a glance; We can also start with the side scenery related to it, not the front scenery, so as to reveal the characteristics of things and provide readers with rich imagination space. The combination of the two methods can make the features of the scene more distinct and prominent.
For example, Bai Juyi's Yang Liuzhi poem "A tree has a thousand branches of spring breeze, which is tender than gold and softer than silk. Who owns the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng all day? " The first sentence and the second sentence describe the beautiful form of willow in spring by means of positive description.
Another example is Liu Yuxi's stone city, which is surrounded by mountains in the old country and lonely when the tide hits the empty city. This poem named "Stone City" is obviously about "Stone City", but it begins with the scenery around the stone city-mountains, tides and the moon-and describes the decline and desolation of the "old country" of the stone city.
2, the combination of dynamic and static
In ancient Chinese poetry, in order to create artistic conception, poets pay special attention to dynamic description, and the combination of dynamic and static is a common way to describe scenery. For example, the selection of "push" and "knock" in the title of Jia Dao's "Birds roost in the trees by the pool, and monks knock at the door under the moon", and the adjective "green" in Wang Anshi's "Guazhou and Green" as causative verbs are all examples of dynamic description, and many articles have been made on the use of verbs. However, as a combination of dynamic and static scenery, it often depicts dynamic and static with a kind of artistic conception, and often focuses on static, and forms a harmonious unity of artistic conception and image in a way that dynamic sets off static. Therefore, the combination of static and dynamic scenery writing techniques is often inseparable from foil.
For example, Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn Night" stands in the autumn night after the rain. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? The poet Wang Wei deserves to be an expert in landscape description, and the combination of dynamic and static is one of his main techniques in describing landscapes. In the scenery described by the poet, there is movement in stillness, stillness in stillness, and the combination of movement and stillness constitutes a moving artistic conception. The second couplet "Moonlight in the Pine Woods" is a static scene, but what you see says that the moonlight shines all over the earth through the pine branches; And "crystal stone in the stream" is a moving picture, a smell, a combination of motion and static, which constitutes a beautiful and lovely landscape painting. The third link is that the poet uses the sound of bamboo to set off the tranquility of the mountain, which is what he heard, and uses the lotus movement to set off the tranquility of the water, which is what he saw. What he saw and what he heard are intertwined, and "noisy" and "quiet" are in contrast, which is quite artistic.
3. Combination of sound and melody
The description of scenery in ancient poetry often involves sound and color, which is the poet's use of senses to describe the scenery from multiple angles, making readers feel as if they were there, and receiving high artistic effects.
For example, Du Fu's quatrain, "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets rise to the sky. The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, at the entrance of the boating in Wan Li, Wu Dong. " The first part is a set of opposing sentences. There are many willows around the thatched cottage, and there are a pair of orioles singing on the new green willow branches, which is a cheerful scene and colorful, forming a fresh and beautiful artistic conception. "Cui" is new green, "Liu Cui" is early spring phenology, and willow branches have just sprouted. "Two orioles sing green willows", and birds are paired, showing a kind of vitality and a festive meaning. Egrets in the blue sky are flying freely. This long-legged bird flies gracefully and naturally. In Wan Li, the sky is clear, and the egrets are brightly colored against the "blue sky". The four bright colors of "yellow", "emerald", "white" and "cyan" are used successively in the two sentences to weave a beautiful picture; The first sentence also describes the sound, conveying extremely cheerful feelings.
4, the combination of reality and reality.
"Virtual" and "real" are two big concepts, specifically, intangible and tangible, abstract and concrete, imagination, memory and reality. For example, Mourning for the Past is illusory, because it is intangible and abstract, while Spring Water in a River, A Boat with a Leaf, Spring Grass, and The Wind on the Willow Shore and the Last Moon are real. Ancient poems often express some feelings with tangible things, or give some feelings imagination or help. When students appreciate this poem, they should pay attention to what is true and what is empty. And whether the poet intends to express truth or emptiness. Only by understanding these points can we accurately grasp their relationship. The real scene is a realistic and objective scene described by the poet, while the virtual scene is a virtual scene created by the poet through association or imagination. The combination of reality and reality can better express an overflowing emotion.
If Gao Shi listens to the flute, "Hu Tianxue cleans the horse and eats grass, and Qiang Di guards the building on the moon." Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over Tianshan Mountain overnight. "There are one or two sentences in the poem that actually describe the scenery. The content described is that the ice and snow have melted and the season of grazing horses has arrived. In the evening, the soldiers came back with horses, and the sky shed the brilliance of the bright moon. In such a vast and clear night scene, I don't know which garrison building played the Qiang flute, which is a familiar plum blossom tune! In three or four sentences, the plum blossom fell, as if the wind was not blowing the flute, but the flower pieces of the plum blossom. They were scattered everywhere, and the color and fragrance spread all over Tianshan Mountain overnight. This poem expresses the soldiers' deep homesickness by listening to music and thinking of plum blossoms in their hometown and autumn.
5. Point-surface combination
Everything is interrelated, not isolated, and the scenery described is the same. They are always inextricably linked with the surrounding scenery. Therefore, when poets write landscapes, they don't write the subject in isolation, but also the related images around the subject, combining point and surface to make the subject image fuller and more distinctive.
For example, Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue said, "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing on the cold river-snow "used the combination of point and surface. "Dai Li Weng" is small in the picture, but it is the center of the poem in a conspicuous position. "A boat, a bamboo cloak" belongs to the description of points; The first two sentences "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths" belong to the superficial discussion. The poem describes the bitterness and loneliness of the characters from "birds fly away" to "people disappear", and puts the quantifier "thousand" and "ten thousand" before "mountains" and "paths", which highlights the characters' perseverance and outstanding character. It can be called point-surface combination. Point out that it is comprehensive.
6. Combination of distance and distance
Looking at the same scene, the observer's position is different and the angle is different. Looking down, looking up, looking far away and looking closely, the visual image will be varied and varied. Describing from different angles will make readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the scenery described and get a more perfect feeling.
For example, Mutu's hiking, staying away from Lengshan, and people from Bai Yunsheng. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February. "The first two sentences describe the prospect of Qiushan. The first sentence describes the majestic scenery of the autumn mountain and shows the poet's courage to climb it. The second sentence describes a specific scene in the autumn mountain, and several families can be seen faintly under the white clouds fluttering sky. The last two sentences depict a close-up of Akiyama. The phrase "Frost leaves are redder than flowers in February" is full of vitality, bright, fresh and vivid, giving people a sense of beauty that Qiu Guang is better than spring.
7, line drawing technique
Line drawing, originally one of the traditional techniques in China's painting, is roughly similar to sketch or sketch in western painting. Its characteristic is to outline the picture with simple ink lines, freehand brushwork, no contrast and no color. This painting method is introduced into poetry creation, that is, without adjectives and modifiers, it is carefully carved and rendered layer by layer, not to mention melody or foil. Instead, it grasps the object of description and outlines the shape and light and shade of things neatly with accurate and powerful strokes, simple and concise language and plain and simple words, thus showing the author's feelings about things.
For example, the article's "Going Good and Going Early" "Starting the company in the morning, the guests are worried about their hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost. Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because of thinking about Ling Du's dream, the geese return to the pool. " The second couplet of two poems is a combination of six nouns without any modifiers. It can be seen that it is hard to go early. It is obvious that it is difficult to walk early in the morning before the rooster crows and the moon falls.
Writing scenery is the main content of poetry. To appreciate the scenery of poetry, we should start with the way the poet writes the scenery, so as to accurately grasp the feelings contained in the poet's scenery writing.